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Popular voter petition systems
A popular initiative, or people's initiative (also citizens' initiative, or civic initiative) is a form of direct democracy by which a petition meeting
Popular_initiative
Instrument of direct democracy in Switzerland
The federal popular initiative (German: Eidgenössische Volksinitiative, French: Initiative populaire fédérale, Italian: Iniziativa popolare federale, Romansh:
Federal_popular_initiative
Law suggested by the people of Switzerland
In Switzerland, a popular initiative (German: Volksinitiative, French: initiative populaire, Italian: iniziativa popolare, Romansh: iniziativa dal pievel)
Popular initiative in Switzerland
Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland
Referendum in Switzerland
federal popular initiative "against mass immigration" (German: Eidgenössische Volksinitiative "Gegen Masseneinwanderung", French: Initiative populaire
2014 Swiss immigration initiative
2014_Swiss_immigration_initiative
payments, while the rest of referendums were rejected. Had both the popular initiative and the counter-proposal been approved, the conflict would have been
2026_Swiss_referendums
Form of democracy
allow for three forms of popular action: vote (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. The first two forms—votes and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation
Direct_democracy
List of federal popular votes in Switzerland since 1848
1848. These referendums arise from: Popular initiatives (marked with I ), Direct counter-proposals to such initiatives (marked with G ), Mandatory referendums
List of Swiss federal referendums
List_of_Swiss_federal_referendums
Referendum to repeal a new or existing law
direct democracy. Unlike a popular initiative or legislative referendum that allows voters to suggest new legislation, a popular referendum allows them to
Popular_referendum
Swiss popular initiative on electing the Federal Council rejected in 1942
The federal popular initiative "Election of the Federal Council by the People and Increase in the Number of Members" was a popular initiative in Switzerland
Popular_Initiative:_"Election_of_the_Federal_Council_by_the_People_and_Increase_in_the_Number_of_Members"
Topics referred to by the same term
characters take actions Popular initiative, or citizens' initiative (also: civic initiative) a form of direct democracy Initiative of Communist and Workers'
Initiative
process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either
Initiatives and referendums in the United States
Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States
Successful popular initiative in Switzerland
The federal popular initiative "against the construction of minarets" was a successful popular initiative in Switzerland to prevent the construction of
2009_Swiss_minaret_referendum
Practice of protecting the natural environment
Several federal popular initiative were launched to increase environmental protection. Several of them were accepted: Federal popular initiative "for the protection
Environmental_protection
Assembly and, that collected 50,000 signatures of opponents) Federal popular initiatives (votation on a modification of the constitution made by citizens
Voting_in_Switzerland
Several federal popular initiative were launched to increase environmental protection. Several of them were accepted: Federal popular initiative "for the protection
Environmental movement in Switzerland
Environmental_movement_in_Switzerland
Swiss popular initiative
federal popular initiative "For the Criminal Foreigners' Deportation," also known as the "expulsion initiative," is a Swiss popular initiative that was
Popular Initiative "For the Criminal Foreigners' Deportation"
Popular_Initiative_"For_the_Criminal_Foreigners'_Deportation"
National referendums held in Switzerland in 2016
during 2016. On 28 February 2016, referendums were held on four initiatives: Popular initiative of 5 November 2012 "For the couple and the family - No to the
2016_Swiss_referendums
be requested. In addition, the people may present a constitutional popular initiative to introduce amendments to the federal constitution. The people also
Politics_of_Switzerland
Direct vote on a specific proposal
binding questions of law. Popular initiative or Initiative referendum: A citizen-led process to propose and vote on new laws. Popular referendum: A citizen-led
Referendum
constitutional principles behind a co-ordinated transport policy and on a popular initiative on lowering the retirement age to 62 for men and 60 for women. Both
1988_Swiss_referendums
Political party in Liechtenstein
sceptical of migration and European integration. The party launched a popular initiative in 2022 for the exemption of pensioners from the annual health insurance
Democrats_for_Liechtenstein
Topics referred to by the same term
Citizens' Initiative, or Civic Initiative may refer to: Political procedures: Citizens' initiative, also civic initiative, or popular initiative, a political
Citizens'_Initiative
2018 referendum
The Swiss sovereign money initiative of June 2018, also known as Vollgeld, was a citizens' (popular) initiative in Switzerland intended to give the Swiss
2018 Swiss sovereign-money initiative
2018_Swiss_sovereign-money_initiative
Bilateral relations
Basel-Landschaft, which border on France and Germany. 8 June 1997: the federal popular initiative "negotiations concerning EU membership: let the people decide!" on
Switzerland–European Union relations
Switzerland–European_Union_relations
Switzerland in 1990. The first six were held on 1 April on four popular initiatives, a federal resolution on viticulture and an amendment to the federal
1990_Swiss_referendums
September, and 28 November 2021. Swiss referendums take three forms: popular initiatives, which are citizen proposals to create a new law and require 100
2021_Swiss_referendums
market, and was approved by voters. The second was held on 7 June on a popular initiative "against foreign infiltration", and was rejected by voters. The third
1970_Swiss_referendums
Rejected Swiss federal popular initiative
new policy on foreigners popular initiative (also known as the Mitenand Initiative) was a Swiss federal popular initiative, rejected by the voters and
Mitenand_Initiative
Political initiative in Switzerland
The Self-determination initiative, also known as Swiss law first initiative, was a Swiss federal popular initiative that aimed to place Swiss law above
Self-determination_initiative
Overview of Swiss referendums held in 1992
Switzerland during 1992. The first two were held on 16 February on popular initiatives "for a financially bearable health insurance" and "for the drastic
1992_Swiss_referendums
Swiss popular initiative
Swiss children coercion reparation initiative (German: Wiedergutmachungsinitiative) was a Swiss federal popular initiative. It called for reappraisal and
Swiss children coercion reparation initiative
Swiss_children_coercion_reparation_initiative
Swiss popular initiative approved in 1949
The federal popular initiative "Return to Direct Democracy" was a popular initiative in Switzerland approved by both the people and the cantons on September
1949 Swiss direct democracy popular initiative
1949_Swiss_direct_democracy_popular_initiative
2011 referendum
federal popular initiative "For the protection against gun violence". It was rejected by 56% of voters and a majority of cantons. The initiative foresees
2011 Swiss gun control initiative
2011_Swiss_gun_control_initiative
Type of Swiss popular vote opposing or requesting the introduction of a new law
The best-known type of optional referendum is the popular initiative to request a law, and the popular (or abrogative) referendum to repeal a law. The collection
Optional_referendum
Country in Central Europe
majority, i.e. both a majority of the national popular vote and a majority of cantonal votes. A popular initiative is an amendment to the constitution proposed
Switzerland
abroad and a popular initiative "for the fight against alcoholism". The constitutional amendment was approved whilst the popular initiative was rejected
1966_Swiss_referendum
2001 Swiss federal popular initiative
The federal popular initiative “Yes to Europe!” was a Swiss federal popular initiative launched in 1996 and submitted to a vote on 4 March 2001. It sought
Yes_to_Europe!
European Union mechanism aimed at increasing direct democracy
EU policies", introduced with the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007. This popular initiative enables one million citizens of the European Union, with a minimum
European_Citizens'_Initiative
Swiss popular vote
The Federal popular initiative "Proportional representation of the National Council" was a Swiss popular initiative that was approved by the people and
1918 Swiss proportional representation popular initiative
1918_Swiss_proportional_representation_popular_initiative
in Switzerland during 2002. The first two were held on 3 March on popular initiatives for Switzerland to join the United Nations and to reduce working
2002_Swiss_referendums
1977 financial affair in Switzerland
diligence". On the political front, the Swiss Socialist Party launched a popular initiative "Against the abuse of banking secrecy and the power of the banks"
Chiasso_scandal
Lower house of the Argentine National Congress
Chamber of Deputies receives for consideration bills presented by popular initiative. The Chamber of Deputies is presided over by the president of the
Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies
century. Many of these were either rejected by popular vote, or not implemented (e.g. the people's initiative "against foreign infiltration and overpopulation
Immigration_to_Switzerland
requisite majority of the vote and majority in 3/4th of the states. A popular initiative proposed amending the constitution to prohibit dual citizens from
2008_Palauan_referendum
held in Switzerland in 1976. The first two were held on 21 March on popular initiatives "for employees' participation" (with a counter-proposal; both were
1976_Swiss_referendums
au service du personnalisme (1936), Emmanuel Mounier proposed that popular-initiative referendums should counterbalance the parliamentary will in periods
Citizens' initiative referendum (France)
Citizens'_initiative_referendum_(France)
Vote to remove an official prematurely
"Bottom-up" recall): A recall may be triggered by the public directly as a popular initiative. The scheduling of a recall outside of normal elections causes additional
Recall_election
Direct democratic institution
A popular assembly (or people's assembly) is a gathering called to address issues of importance to participants. Popular assemblies tend to be freely open
Popular_assembly
1918 Swiss popular initiative on introducing a federal direct tax
federal popular initiative "Introduction of the federal direct tax" was a Swiss popular initiative to establish a progressive direct tax. The initiative was
1918 Swiss direct federal tax initiative
1918_Swiss_direct_federal_tax_initiative
Swiss political organization
federal popular initiative titled For a Direct-Democratic and Competitive Switzerland – No EU Passive Membership (Kompass Initiative). The initiative committee
Allianz_Kompass_Europa
Supreme law of Switzerland
current-day cantonal constitutions. Vaud introduced the legislative popular initiative in 1846. Berne introduced the legislative optional referendum in the
Swiss_Federal_Constitution
held in Switzerland in 1972. The first two were held on 5 March on a popular initiative on the promotion of housebuilding (and a counter-proposal) and on
1972_Swiss_referendums
held on 18 February on reducing the voting age to 18 (rejected), a popular initiative "for the promotion of footpaths and hiking trails" (approved), "against
1979_Swiss_referendums
2021 political related event
The Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) was a proposed set of amendments to the Constitution of Kenya initially proposed in October 2019. In the wake of
2021 Kenyan constitutional referendum attempt
2021_Kenyan_constitutional_referendum_attempt
Austrian state vote to join Switzerland
sector, into the Swiss Confederation were mixed. A petition for a popular initiative for union failed and only one member of the seven-person Swiss Federal
1919 Vorarlberg annexation referendum
1919_Vorarlberg_annexation_referendum
Common appellative in the Philippines
People's initiative (or "PI") is a common appellative in the Philippines that refers to either a mode for constitutional amendment provided by the 1987
People's_initiative
gene-protection initiative of 1998, also known as the Gene-Protection Initiative (German: Genschutzinitiativ) was a Swiss federal popular initiative that aimed
1998 Swiss gene-protection initiative
1998_Swiss_gene-protection_initiative
Swiss group against overpopulation
assembly decided to launch a popular initiative with the aim of reducing population growth in Switzerland. The initiative was officially declared valid
Ecopop
Successful corporate governance initiative
The 2013 Swiss executive pay initiative of 2013 was a successful federal popular initiative in Switzerland to control executive pay of companies listed
2013 Swiss executive pay initiative
2013_Swiss_executive_pay_initiative
15 May and 25 September 2022. Swiss referendums take three forms: popular initiatives, which are citizen proposals to create a new law and require 100
2022_Swiss_referendums
Switzerland in 1978. The first four were held on 26 February on a popular initiative "for more co-decisions of the Federal Assembly and the People on national
1978_Swiss_referendums
Formal change to the text of the constitution of an entity
amend the constitution may also be triggered in some jurisdictions by popular initiative. Australia and Ireland provide examples of constitutions requiring
Constitutional_amendment
rejected by 76% of voters. The next three were held on 29 September on popular initiatives on culture and vocational education and a federal resolution on the
1986_Swiss_referendums
Popular initiative vote in Switzerland
of a popular initiative that would ban the practice. The proposal was rejected by a majority of voters and cantons. The referendum was a popular initiative
1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum
1937_Swiss_freemasonry_referendum
were held in Switzerland in 1989. The first was held on 4 June on a popular initiative "for nature-oriented farming—against animal factories", which was
1989_Swiss_referendums
held in Switzerland in 1974. The first was held on 20 October on a popular initiative "against foreign infiltration and overpopulation", and was rejected
1974_Swiss_referendums
mandatory referendum. Together with the popular initiative, both required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The
1949_Swiss_referendums
popular initiative "for the people's co-determination of military expenditure" (rejected) and a federal resolution on the voting system for popular initiatives
1987_Swiss_referendums
approved by over 90% of voters and all cantons. The second was on a popular initiative "on urgent federal resolutions and the protection of people's rights"
1938_Swiss_referendums
and a popular initiative on extending paid leave (rejected). The next set of four was held on 9 June on the "right to life" popular initiative (rejected)
1985_Swiss_referendums
and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 15 April on a popular initiative to ensure purchasing power and full employment, together with a counterproposal
1951_Swiss_referendums
Swiss political party
organized a popular initiative titled 'for an increase and indexation of child allowances for employees', which gathered 4,400 signatures. The initiative was
Party_of_Labour_of_Basel
National holiday of Switzerland
official holiday since 1994, following the acceptance of a federal popular initiative in its favour in 1993. 1 August is celebrated each year with paper
Swiss_National_Day
in Switzerland during 1942. The first was held on 25 January on a popular initiative that would provide for the direct election of the Federal Council
1942_Swiss_referendums
Swiss tax on the imputed rental value of owner-occupied properties
Popular Initiative "Home Ownership for All" on February 7, 1999 (41.3% yes, 58.7% no). Tax Package on May 16, 2004 (65.9% no). Popular Initiative "Home
Imputed rental value tax (Switzerland)
Imputed_rental_value_tax_(Switzerland)
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
when the voters of the Canton of Vaud accepted (55%) the cantonal popular initiative "Save Lavaux" Consequently, in 1979, a law was made to protect Lavaux
Lavaux
Economic Concept
periodically decided with a democratic vote. Switzerland: Popular Initiative "1:12 Initiative - For fair wages" [de; fr] was a Swiss referendum held on
Wage_ratio
popular initiative on the right to work, and was rejected by a majority of voters and all cantons. The third was held on 4 November 1894 on a popular
1894_Swiss_referendums
Building Bridges Initiative (BBI). The judges described the BBI process as "a presidential initiative guised as a popular initiative", and allowing it
BBI_Judgement
draft popular initiative aims to add the right to digital integrity to Article 10 of the Swiss Federal Constitution. The draft popular initiative "For
Digital_integrity
Proposed laws presented to voters for approval
method of amending either the state constitution or statutes through popular initiative, although it may also refer to any legislation referred to the public
Arizona_ballot_proposition
National referendums held in Switzerland in 2018
other was the "Yes to the abolition of radio and television fees" popular initiative, which proposed abolishing the licence fee that provides the majority
2018_Swiss_referendums
initiated via popular initiative: "Law on the Implementation of a Basic Income Pilot Program in the State of Hamburg" by the initiative Hamburg testet
2025_Hamburg_referendums
and varying tolls based on engine power or mileage, as well as a popular initiative "for the protection of the alpine region from through traffic" and
1994_Swiss_referendums
held in Switzerland during 1947. The first was held on 18 May on a popular initiative for "economic reform and rights concerning work", and was rejected
1947_Swiss_referendums
2012 amendments to the Citizenship Law of Latvia
Amendments to the Citizenship Law of Latvia, suggested by a popular initiative in 2012, sought to grant citizenship of Latvia, starting in 2014, to those
Amendments to the Citizenship Law (popular initiative, Latvia)
Amendments_to_the_Citizenship_Law_(popular_initiative,_Latvia)
House of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland
most recent election took place on Sunday, 22 October 2023. Since a popular initiative in 1918, elections have been by proportional representation, in which
National Council (Switzerland)
National_Council_(Switzerland)
Head of municipal government such as a town or city
every four years by direct popular votes held separately from the assembly. A mayor can be recalled by a popular initiative but the prefectural and the
Mayor
Notion of direct democracy
Popular democracy is a notion of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will. The concept
Popular_democracy
November. Only one popular initiative made it to the ballot for this first poll of the year, the "Environmental Responsibility Initiative", supported by the
2025_Swiss_referendums
(approved) and a popular initiative on banning animal testing (rejected). The next two were held on 6 June on two popular initiatives; "40 military training
1993_Swiss_referendums
Kenyan lawyer and politician
Kenya Constitution popularly known as Punguza mzigo Bill through a popular initiative, managed to garner 1.2 Million signatures and approved By IEBC to
Ekuru_Aukot
French political party
or Notre-Dame-des-Landes in the Pays-de-la-Loire," referendums of popular initiative at the regional level," the renovation of high schools and the improvement
Popular Republican Union (2007)
Popular_Republican_Union_(2007)
was also rejected by voters. The third was held on 1 October on a popular initiative "for the protection of ground and labour by prohibiting speculation"
1950_Swiss_referendums
chose to withdraw its initiative and announced it would begin collecting signatures for a second popular initiative. This initiative would again seek to
Same-sex marriage in Switzerland
Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland
popular initiative "for safe and efficient motorways" (rejected), an amendment to the Obligations (tenancy) law (rejected) and a popular initiative "life-long
2004_Swiss_referendums
budget and two popular initiatives "for the protection of life and environment against genetic engineering (Gene-protection initiative)" and "Switzerland
1998_Swiss_referendums
Switzerland during 1939. The first two were held on 22 January on a popular initiative on civil rights (which was rejected) and a federal resolution on the
1939_Swiss_referendums
Referendums conducted in Switzerland during 2006
proposed amendments to the laws on asylum and foreigners, as well as a popular initiative on diverting profits from the Swiss National Bank into the national
2006_Swiss_referendums
2026 referendum
(September 18, 2025). "Under this GOP Measure, All of Missouri's Recent Popular Initiatives Would Have Failed". Bolts. Retrieved September 26, 2025. Rosenbaum
2026_Missouri_Amendment_4
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