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Class of enzymes which synthesize nucleic acid chains or polymers
biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used
Polymerase
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory method widely used to amplify copies of specific DNA sequences rapidly, to enable detailed study. PCR
Polymerase_chain_reaction
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors
DNA_polymerase
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA
In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that
RNA_polymerase
Thermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase I named after the thermophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus, from which it was originally
Taq_polymerase
Protein complex for mRNA transcription
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA
RNA_polymerase_II
Enzyme in eukaryotes
RNA polymerase I (also known as Pol I) is the polymerase that transcribes ribosomal RNA, which accounts for over 50% of the total RNA synthesized in a
RNA_polymerase_I
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from an RNA template
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes
RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
nucleotide sequences. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary RNA strand called a primary transcript
Transcription_(biology)
DNA polymerases that originate from thermophiles
Thermostable DNA polymerases are DNA polymerases that originate from thermophiles, usually bacterial or archaeal species, and are therefore thermostable
Thermostable_DNA_polymerase
Polymerase stuttering is the process by which a polymerase transcribes a nucleotide several times without progressing further on the mRNA chain. It is
Polymerase_stuttering
Biological process
synthesized partner strand. DNA polymerases are a family of enzymes that carry out all forms of DNA replication. DNA polymerases in general cannot initiate
DNA_replication
Medical condition
leukodystrophy) is a rare hereditary disorder which is caused by mutations in RNA polymerase III subunit genes, such as POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR3K, POLR3D, POLR1C. Patients
POLR3-related_leukodystrophy
Enzyme which generates DNA
biochemical activities: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, ribonuclease H (RNase H), and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Collectively, these activities
Reverse_transcriptase
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase I (or Pol I) is an enzyme that participates in the process of prokaryotic DNA replication. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was
DNA_polymerase_I
Complex of proteins necessary for gene transcription in eukaryotes and archaea
positions RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in the RNA polymerase II active site
Transcription preinitiation complex
Transcription_preinitiation_complex
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
DNA polymerase may refer to the following: DNA polymerase, enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides DNA polymerase I, an enzyme that
DNA polymerase (disambiguation)
DNA_polymerase_(disambiguation)
Transcription is heterocatalytic function of DNA
cells. Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all different types of RNA, RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (including humans)
Eukaryotic_transcription
Molecule that carries genetic information
bind the RNA polymerase responsible for transcription, either directly or through other mediator proteins; this locates the polymerase at the promoter
DNA
Enzyme that transcribes DNA to small RNAs
In eukaryote cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) is a protein that transcribes DNA to synthesize 5S ribosomal RNA, tRNA, and other small RNAs
RNA_polymerase_III
Enzyme
T7 DNA polymerase is an enzyme used during the DNA replication of the T7 bacteriophage. During this process, the DNA polymerase “reads” existing DNA strands
T7_DNA_polymerase
Enzyme from bacteriophage ϕ29
Φ29 DNA polymerase is an enzyme from the bacteriophage Φ29. It is being increasingly used in molecular biology for multiple displacement DNA amplification
Φ29_DNA_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase subunit gamma (POLG or POLG1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLG gene. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase is heterotrimeric, consisting
POLG
American biochemist (1944–2019)
American biochemist. In recognition of his role in the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kary_Mullis
Protein family
replication. As a critical component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, the clamp protein binds DNA polymerase and prevents this enzyme from dissociating
DNA_clamp
Protein-coding gene
DNA polymerase mu is a polymerase enzyme found in eukaryotes. In humans, this protein is encoded by the POLM gene. Pol μ is a member of the X family of
DNA_polymerase_mu
Protein needed for initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP). The sigma factor, together with RNA polymerase, is known as the RNA polymerase holoenzyme. Every molecule of RNA polymerase holoenzyme
Sigma_factor
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase IV is a prokaryotic polymerase that is involved in mutagenesis and is encoded by the dinB gene. It exhibits no 3′→5′ exonuclease (proofreading)
DNA_polymerase_IV
Method of DNA replication
Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) is a modification of polymerase chain reaction intended to reduce non-specific binding in products due to
Nested polymerase chain reaction
Nested_polymerase_chain_reaction
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase eta (Pol η), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLH gene. DNA polymerase eta is a eukaryotic DNA polymerase involved in the
DNA_polymerase_eta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase beta, also known as POLB, is an enzyme present in eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the POLB gene. In eukaryotic cells, DNA polymerase
DNA_polymerase_beta
Family of proteins
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes such as DNA repair, genomic stability, and programmed
Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase
Form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It
RNA_polymerase_II_holoenzyme
Species of virus
genome by the P-L polymerase (P is an essential cofactor for the L polymerase) in order to make new viral protein. The viral polymerase can only recognize
Rabies_virus
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase epsilon is a member of the DNA polymerase family of enzymes found in eukaryotes. It is composed of the following four subunits: POLE (central
DNA_polymerase_epsilon
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase II (also known as DNA Pol II or Pol II) is a prokaryotic DNA-dependent DNA polymerase encoded by the PolB gene. DNA Polymerase II is an
DNA_polymerase_II
Large protein fragment
DNA polymerase I (Pol I) from E. coli is enzymatically cleaved by the protease subtilisin. First reported in 1970, it retains the 5' → 3' polymerase activity
Klenow_fragment
Correction of DNA replication errors
recognized, DNA polymerase reverses its direction by one base pair of DNA and excises the mismatched base. Following base excision, the polymerase can re-insert
Proofreading_(biology)
Realm of viruses
a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication. It includes RNA viruses that encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, as well as reverse-transcribing
Riboviria
Laboratory technique of molecular biology
real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR when used quantitatively) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase theta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLQ gene. This polymerase plays a key role in one of the three major double strand
POLQ
Region of DNA encouraging transcription
polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism. For transcription to take place, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA, known as RNA polymerase,
Promoter_(genetics)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR1C gene. POLR1C has been shown to interact with
POLR1C
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit in humans is encoded by the POLA1 gene and is part of the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha. This gene encodes the p180
DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit
DNA_polymerase_alpha_catalytic_subunit
Process in genetics
synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination;
Bacterial_transcription
Class of enzymes
RNA Polymerase is an RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage that catalyzes the formation of RNA from DNA in the 5'→ 3' direction. T7 polymerase is extremely
T7_RNA_polymerase
Polymerase cycling assembly (or PCA, also known as Assembly PCR) is a method for the assembly of large DNA oligonucleotides from shorter fragments. The
Polymerase_cycling_assembly
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an enzyme that is encoded by the POLR2A gene in humans. This gene encodes the largest
POLR2A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2L gene. This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II
POLR2L
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase
Laboratory technique to multiply an RNA sample for study
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction
Cellular mechanism
switching out regular DNA polymerases for specialized translesion polymerases (i.e. DNA polymerase IV or V, from the Y Polymerase family), often with larger
DNA_repair
Biotechnological procedure
Digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR, DigitalPCR, dPCR, or dePCR) is a biotechnological refinement of conventional polymerase chain reaction
Digital polymerase chain reaction
Digital_polymerase_chain_reaction
Type of PCR
The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction by which primers avoid amplifying
Touchdown polymerase chain reaction
Touchdown_polymerase_chain_reaction
Enzyme complex
DNA polymerase delta (DNA Pol δ) is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in DNA replication and repair. The DNA polymerase delta complex
DNA_polymerase_delta
Class of enzymes
DNA Polymerase V (Pol V) is a polymerase enzyme involved in DNA repair mechanisms in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. It is composed of a UmuD' homodimer
DNA_polymerase_V
Enzyme
Pfu DNA polymerase is an enzyme found in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, where it functions to copy the organism's DNA during cell
Pfu_DNA_polymerase
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or other nucleic acid testing of infected secretions
COVID-19
Protein that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes
transcription by triggering RNA polymerase to release from the promoter and proceed along the DNA. At times, RNA polymerase can pause shortly after leaving
Activator_(genetics)
Parts of lagging strand in DNA replication
as the DNA replication fork. Following this fork, DNA primase and DNA polymerase begin to act in order to create a new complementary strand. Because these
Okazaki_fragments
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase lambda, also known as Pol λ, is an enzyme found in all eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the POLL gene. Pol λ is a member of the X
DNA_polymerase_lambda
DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms
maintenance of the eukaryotic genome. DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand
Eukaryotic_DNA_replication
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
A nurse at McMurdo Station sets up polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing equipment in September 2020.
COVID-19_pandemic
Molecular complex
In terms of structure, the replisome is composed of two replicative polymerase complexes, one of which synthesizes the leading strand, while the other
Replisome
Class of protein transcription factors
transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. GTFs, RNA polymerase, and the mediator (a multi-protein complex) constitute the basic transcriptional
General_transcription_factor
Family of protein complexes
polymerase alpha, also known as Pol α, is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in initiation of DNA replication. The DNA polymerase
DNA_polymerase_alpha
Factors preventing PCR amplification
any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification
Polymerase chain reaction inhibitors
Polymerase_chain_reaction_inhibitors
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase kappa is a DNA polymerase that in humans is encoded by the POLK gene. It is involved in translesion synthesis. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89:
DNA_polymerase_kappa
Section of nucleic acid sequence
termination factors. Release of the transcriptional complex frees RNA polymerase and related transcriptional machinery to begin transcription of new mRNAs
Terminator_(genetics)
Protein-coding gene in humans
polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLE gene. It is the central catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon
POLE_(gene)
RNA polymerase III subunit A is an enzyme which is encoded by the gene POLR3A. The POLR3A gene is located on the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 on position
POLR3A
Influenza virus polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) is a core subunit of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex that is essential for both transcription
Polymerase_basic_protein_2
Hypothetical life with reversed molecular chirality
been synthesized in mirror-image versions, including DNA polymerase in 2016 and RNA polymerase in 2022. Reconstructing regular lifeforms in mirror-image
Mirror-image_life
Primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication. It was discovered by Thomas Kornberg (son of Arthur
DNA_polymerase_III_holoenzyme
Modified polymerase chain reaction
Hot start PCR is a modified form of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that reduces the presence of undesired products and primer dimers due
Hot_start_PCR
Hepatitis B viral protein
Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is a DNA polymerase that can use either DNA or RNA templates and a ribonuclease H
Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase
Hepatitis_B_virus_DNA_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
polymerase II subunit RPB2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2B gene. This gene encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II
POLR2B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit is associated with the polymerase under suboptimal
RNA_polymerase_II_subunit_B4
General transcription factors
factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to
Transcription_factor_II_D
Modification of the polymerase chain reaction
Reverse complement polymerase chain reaction (RC-PCR) is a modification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is primarily used to generate amplicon
Reverse complement polymerase chain reaction
Reverse_complement_polymerase_chain_reaction
Species of bacterium
heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA
Thermus_aquaticus
Short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis
synthetic primer is a type of oligo, short for oligonucleotide. DNA polymerases (responsible for DNA replication) are only capable of adding nucleotides
Primer_(molecular_biology)
Variant of polymerase chain reaction
The overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (or OE-PCR) is a variant of PCR. It is also referred to as Splicing by overlap extension / Splicing by
Overlap extension polymerase chain reaction
Overlap_extension_polymerase_chain_reaction
Multisubunit plant specific RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase V (Pol V), previously known as RNA polymerase IVb, is a multisubunit plant specific RNA polymerase. It is required for normal function
RNA_polymerase_V
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA polymerase iota is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLI gene. It is found in higher eukaryotes, and is believed to have arisen from a gene
DNA_polymerase_iota
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Polymerase (DNA directed) nu is a protein in humans that is encoded by the POLN gene. It is a family A DNA polymerase, considered to be the least effective
DNA_polymerase_nu
RNA polymerase III subunit B is an enzyme which is encoded by the gene POLR3B is a gene that in humans encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase
POLR3B
Vent polymerase is a archean thermostable DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction. It was isolated from the thermophile Thermococcus litoralis
Vent_DNA_polymerase
Biological DNA analysis for allele repeats
STR analysis does not cut the DNA with restriction enzymes. Instead, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is employed to discover the lengths of the short
STR_analysis
Sites in the cell nucleus where DNA transcription occurs
Transcription factories containing RNA polymerase II are the most studied but factories can exist for RNA polymerase I and III; the nucleolus being seen
Transcription_factory
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase alpha subunit 2 in humans is encoded by the POLA2 gene and is part of the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha. POLA2 has been shown to interact
DNA polymerase alpha subunit 2
DNA_polymerase_alpha_subunit_2
transcription, is an early process of genetic transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to a DNA promoter and enters into cycles of synthesis of short mRNA
Abortive_initiation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2F gene. This gene encodes the sixth largest
POLR2F
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
polymerase III subunit RPC10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR3K gene. This gene encodes a small essential subunit of RNA polymerase
POLR3K
the terms and components used in the PCR process.) The history of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has variously been described as a classic "Eureka
History of polymerase chain reaction
History_of_polymerase_chain_reaction
Method for cloning recombinant DNA
biophysicist F. William Studier. Soon, the lab was able to clone the T7 RNA polymerase and use it, along with the powerful T7 promoter, to transcribe copious
T7_expression_system
Species of archaeon
properties. P. furiosus is used in the process of DNA amplification by way of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of its proofreading activity. Utilizing P
Pyrococcus_furiosus
Medical condition
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome, which is characterized by numerous polyps in the
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis
Polymerase_proofreading-associated_polyposis
Chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra-chromosomal DNAs like plasmids
function of the organism. Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is transcribed by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus. pre-mRNA is then processed by splicing to remove introns
Genomic_DNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2J gene. This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the
POLR2J
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Fragrance
Male
Arthurian
, (Sir), hawk of battle.
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess of Heaven
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Boy/Male
Indian
Pure; Holy; Real; Untouched
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place in the parish of Gamrie, near Banff. The place is situated on a headland affording some sheltered anchorage, and is said to get its name from Middle English true hope; however, when first recorded in 1296 it already appears as Trup, so it is more likely to be of the same origin as Thorpe.English : variant of Throop.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Livnoor | லீவà¯à®¨à¯‚à®°
Boy/Male
German, Scandinavian
Father of Peace; Diminutive of Axel
Boy/Male
Native American
Black kettle.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Lord Bahubali's Capital
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE
POLYMERASE