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superstring theory, a picture is a choice of Fock space or, equivalently, a choice of ground state that defines a representation of the theory's state space
Picture_(string_theory)
Theory of subatomic structure
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called
String_theory
Formalism in string theory
String field theory (SFT) is a formalism in string theory in which the dynamics of relativistic strings is reformulated in the language of quantum field
String_field_theory
Framework of superstring theory
Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. Witten's
M-theory
Topics referred to by the same term
structure Picture (string theory), a representation of states PICTURE clause, a COBOL data type Picture (band), a Dutch heavy metal band Picture (album)
Picture_(disambiguation)
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
but are nevertheless equivalent when employed as extra dimensions of string theory. Early cases of mirror symmetry were discovered by physicists. Mathematicians
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
Speculative feature of the early universe
prediction in both quantum field theory and string theory models of the early universe. The prototypical example of a field theory with cosmic strings is the
Cosmic_string
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT)
AdS/CFT_correspondence
Compare and contrast article
Many first principles in quantum field theory are explained, or get further insight, in string theory. Emission and absorption: one of the most basic building
Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory
Relationship_between_string_theory_and_quantum_field_theory
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. The central idea is that
Brane_cosmology
Application of K-theory in string theory
In string theory, K-theory classification refers to a conjectured application of K-theory (in abstract algebra and algebraic topology) to superstrings
K-theory_(physics)
Sequence of characters, data type
In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow
String_(computer_science)
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
theory of everything attempts to create a complete picture of all events in nature. Grand Unified Theories do not attempt to include the gravitational force
Unified_field_theory
American theoretical physicist
mathematician who works in twistor theory. He works in the mathematics department at Columbia University. A critic of string theory, Woit has published the book
Peter_Woit
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
required in string theory. Loop quantum gravity, like string theory, also aims to overcome the nonrenormalizable divergences of quantum field theories. LQG does
Loop_quantum_gravity
Equivalence of two physical theories
physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. In the simplest example of this relationship, one of the theories describes
T-duality
picture Hilbert space Interaction picture Measurement in quantum mechanics quantum field theory quantum logic quantum operation Schrödinger picture semiclassical
List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory
Set of mathematical concepts in quantum gravity
the Planck length. Each theory of quantum gravity uses the term "quantum geometry" in a slightly different fashion. String theory uses quantum geometry
Quantum_geometry
Applications of category theory
foundations String diagrams Journals: Compositionality Conferences: Applied category theory Symposium on Compositional Structures (SYCO) Books: Picturing Quantum
Applied_category_theory
Measure of algorithmic complexity
between MML and algorithmic information theory (or Kolmogorov complexity). Kolmogorov randomness defines a string (usually of bits) as being random if the
Kolmogorov_complexity
Italian theoretical physicist
string tachyons. In retrospect, this work is now considered the founding of string theory although at the time it was not apparent the string picture
Gabriele_Veneziano
Visual art consisting of moving images
A film, movie, or motion picture is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions,
Film
Objects in eleven-dimensional supergravity
is different from string theory where only condensates of many separate strings can macroscopically determine the space-time. M-Theory and eleven-dimensional
Supermembranes
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
(0|1)*1. All possible state sequences for the input string "1011" are shown in the lower picture. The string is accepted by M since one state sequence satisfies
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
Graphical representation of a morphism
category theory. When interpreted in FinVect, the monoidal category of finite-dimensional vector spaces and linear maps with the tensor product, string diagrams
String_diagram
Josephson junction Piara Singh Gill Picard horn Picarin Picotechnology Picture (string theory) Piermaria Oddone Piero Giorgio Bordoni Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
Index_of_physics_articles_(P)
Attraction of masses and energy
weaker as objects get farther away. Gravity is described by the general theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, which describes gravity
Gravity
Hypothesis proposing a modification of Newton's laws
More unsolved problems in physics Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties
Modified_Newtonian_dynamics
Process of generalization
category. Abstractions and levels of abstraction play an important role in the theory of general semantics originated by Alfred Korzybski. Anatol Rapoport wrote
Abstraction
Solitons in Euclidean spacetime
example, in oriented string theories, a Dp brane is a gauge theory instanton in the world volume (p + 5)-dimensional U(N) gauge theory on a stack of N D(p + 4)-branes
Instanton
Class of musical instruments with vibrating strings
strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute. This picture of musical bow to harp bow is theory and has been contested. In 1965 Franz Jahnel wrote his
String_instrument
American composer
Brandi Carlile, Safe Haven Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2014 Theory of a Deadman, Savages 2015 Theory of a Deadman 2016 Simple Plan, Taking One for
Deborah_Lurie
Theoretical framework in physics
conformal symmetry of the theory.) Examples include string theory and N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory. According to Wilson's picture, every QFT is fundamentally
Quantum_field_theory
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
forces of nature, and is a gauge theory with the gauge group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). Modern theories like string theory, as well as general relativity, are
Gauge_theory
Asymmetry of classical and quantum action
1103/PhysRevD.41.715. PMID 10012386. Conlon, Joseph (2016-08-19). Why String Theory? (1 ed.). CRC Press. p. 81. doi:10.1201/9781315272368. ISBN 978-1-315-27236-8
Anomaly_(physics)
All that exists
M-theory, which is described in many sectors by matrix string theory, and in many other sectors by perturbative string theory, is the complete theory of
Everything
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
automaton (DFA) is run on the target text string to recognize substrings that match the regular expression. The picture shows the NFA scheme N(s*) obtained
Regular_expression
Theory of gravity
In theoretical physics, shape dynamics is a theory of gravity that implements Mach's principle, developed with the specific goal to obviate the problem
Shape_dynamics
Russian-American theoretical physicist
the previous picture of a single universe. In order to do so, one would need to prove that only one of the many vacua of string theory is actually possible
Andrei_Linde
Stringed musical instrument
from a Vega five-string model. A picture of Sonny with this banjo appears in Pete Wernick's Bluegrass Banjo method book. Six-string banjos known as banjo
Banjo
Topics referred to by the same term
for: Rabid Neurosis, a music piracy organisation RNS formalism in the string theory of physics Reactive nitrogen species Regulatory News Service Religion
RNS
Book by Brian Greene
World on a String" introduces Greene's field, string theory. Ideas from The Elegant Universe are revisited. The reader learns how string theory could fill
The_Fabric_of_the_Cosmos
Study of mathematical knots
In topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots. While inspired by knots which appear in daily life, such as those in shoelaces and rope, a
Knot_theory
The American television sitcom franchise The Big Bang Theory, began with the multi-cam laugh track sitcom of the same name created and executive produced
List of The Big Bang Theory franchise characters
List_of_The_Big_Bang_Theory_franchise_characters
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
determined by the vibrational state of the string. In string theory, one of the many vibrational states of the string corresponds to the graviton, a quantum
Quantum_mechanics
Scientific field of study
and energy are no longer valid. The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from
Physics
Professor of Theoretical Physics
after leaving Cambridge. Taylor's research is focussed on string theory, quantum field theory and gravitational physics. She uses the holographic principle
Marika_Taylor
Branch of physics
mirror symmetry (string theory), which although nowadays is a major research topic in pure mathematics, originated from string theory compactifications
Theoretical_physics
British physical anthropologist (b. 1947)
Christopher Brian Stringer CBE FRS is a British physical anthropologist noted for his work on human evolution. Growing up in a working-class family in
Chris_Stringer
Israeli American theoretical physicist
Israeli American theoretical physicist who works on quantum field theory and string theory. He is currently a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study
Nathan_Seiberg
Theorem of physical impossibility
field theories" (PDF). Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser. 29: 12. Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Schwarz, J.H. (2007). "10". String Theory and M-Theory. Cambridge:
No-go_theorem
Mathematical conjecture
mirror symmetry. In string theory, mirror symmetry relates type IIA and type IIB theories. It predicts that the effective field theory of type IIA and type
SYZ_conjecture
Song by Dream Theater
the closing track of the band's 12th album Dream Theater. It features a string ensemble conducted and arranged by Eren Başbuğ. The song's lyrics, according
Illumination_Theory
Concept in theoretical physics
importance to string theory and theories of grand unification. If the fixed points of the system correspond to a free field theory, the theory is said to
Renormalization_group
quantum theory work led him to explore quantum theories of radiation, culminating in quantum electrodynamics, the first quantum field theory. The history
History_of_quantum_mechanics
When formal languages generate the same set of strings
tree from the first grammar need not. For the example string "1+2*3", the right part of the picture shows its unique parse tree with the second grammar;
Equivalence (formal languages)
Equivalence_(formal_languages)
Creating a "larger" Lie algebra from a smaller one, in one of several ways
superstring theory. The centrally extended Lie algebras play a dominant role in quantum field theory, particularly in conformal field theory, string theory and
Lie_algebra_extension
Expectation value of time-ordered quantum operators
In quantum field theory, correlation functions, often referred to as correlators or Green's functions, are vacuum expectation values of time-ordered products
Correlation function (quantum field theory)
Correlation_function_(quantum_field_theory)
Phenomenon in quantum chromodynamics
gluon field between a pair of color charges forms a narrow flux tube (or string) between them. Because of this behavior of the gluon field, the strong force
Color_confinement
Simple Lie group; the automorphism group of the octonions
and (−1, 2), however the integer lattice spanned by those is not the one pictured above (from obvious reason: the hexagonal lattice on the plane cannot be
G2_(mathematics)
English new wave and synth-pop band
temporarily to record another album with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, String Theory. The band A Flock of Seagulls was formed in Liverpool, in 1979 by Mike
A_Flock_of_Seagulls
British actress (born 1983)
Train Dreams (2025), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Felicity Rose Hadley Jones was born in Birmingham on 17 October 1983,
Felicity_Jones
Type of topological defects in the Yang–Mills vacuum
subtlety concerns the string tension at intermediate range and in the large-N limit. According to the center vortex picture, the string tension should depend
Center_vortex
Bowed string instrument
upright bass, the acoustic bass, the bull fiddle, the bass fiddle, the string bass, the contrabass, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched
Double_bass
Lowest energy state in quantum chromodynamics
tubes. As a result, confinement and the string picture of hadrons follows. This dual superconductor picture is due to Gerard 't Hooft and Stanley Mandelstam
QCD_vacuum
Tarski and Donald Davidson. (See also Wittgenstein's picture theory of language.) The use theory of meaning, most commonly associated with the later Wittgenstein
Philosophy_of_language
Book by Roger Penrose
is skeptical about string theory, to which he prefers loop quantum gravity. He is optimistic about his own approach, twistor theory. He also holds some
The_Road_to_Reality
Property of a mathematical space
dimensions Bosonic string theory 32 dimensions Trigintaduonion Higher dimensions Vector space Plane of rotation Curse of dimensionality String theory Infinite Hilbert
Dimension
Study of vector bundles, principal bundles, and fibre bundles
theory and geometric analysis. These equations are often physically meaningful, corresponding to important concepts in quantum field theory or string
Gauge_theory_(mathematics)
Theory of rapid universe expansion
flux compactifications opened the way for reconciling inflation and string theory. Brane inflation suggests that inflation arises from the motion of D-branes
Cosmic_inflation
Composition for string quartet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's String Quartet No. 1 in D major Op. 11 was the first of his three completed string quartets that were published during his lifetime
String Quartet No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)
String_Quartet_No._1_(Tchaikovsky)
Standard system of axiomatic set theory
In set theory, Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, named after mathematicians Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel, is an axiomatic system that was proposed in
Zermelo–Fraenkel_set_theory
Parameter describing the strength of a force
in string theory since it includes a dilaton. An analysis of the string spectrum shows that this field must be present, either in the bosonic string or
Coupling_constant
freedom and color confinement. History of quantum mechanics History of string theory QED vacuum De Broglie, Louis (1925). "Recherches sur la théorie des
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
Hypothetical model through which W and Z bosons acquire mass
bosons acquire masses. Early technicolor theories were modelled on quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the "color" theory of the strong nuclear force, which inspired
Technicolor_(physics)
Monetary symbol used in many national currencies
this theory mentioned in 1876 letters to the journal Notes and Queries. Henry R. Towne begins his 1886 essay on management stating this theory. This
Dollar_sign
Statistical function
algorithmic information theory, also known as the theory of Kolmogorov complexity, for describing the structure of a string by use of models of increasing
Kolmogorov_structure_function
1988 book by Stephen Hawking
written, superstring theory had emerged as the most popular theory of quantum gravity, but this theory and related string theories were still incomplete
A_Brief_History_of_Time
2D conformal field theories
Moreover, they play an important role in the worldsheet approach to string theory. In a free bosonic CFT, the Virasoro algebra's central charge can take
Massless free scalar bosons in two dimensions
Massless_free_scalar_bosons_in_two_dimensions
Lindsay C. Stringer is a Professor in Environment and Development at the University of York. Stringer's research is interdisciplinary and uses theories and methods
Lindsay_Stringer
Phrase which grammatically functions the same as a noun
constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents. In some theories of grammar, noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determiner
Noun_phrase
2000 studio album by Radiohead
Jonny Greenwood, the only Radiohead member trained in music theory, composed the string arrangement by multitracking his ondes Martenot. According to
Kid_A
Axiomatization of quantum field theory
are an attempt at a mathematically rigorous formulation of quantum field theory. Arthur Wightman formulated the axioms in the early 1950s, but they were
Wightman_axioms
Quantum state with the lowest possible energy
In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy
Quantum_vacuum_state
Topics referred to by the same term
depicts visual perception, such as a photograph or other two-dimensional picture. Image or IMAGE may also refer to: Image, an imprint of Crown Publishing
Image_(disambiguation)
Theory in particle physics
model was important for the development of string theory. In 1943, Werner Heisenberg constructed a theory based on the properties of the S-matrix. While
Bootstrap_model
Binary relation in computer science
{\displaystyle abbca} , but to no other string. IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg and Grzegorz Rozenberg (Mar 1988). "Theory of traces". Theoretical Computer Science
Dependency_relation
Tree in formal language theory
is an ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar. The term parse tree itself is used
Parse_tree
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
fields are predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics and string theory, but an analogous problem to the cosmological constant problem (or the
Zero-point_energy
Proof in set theory
called uncountable sets, and the size of infinite sets is treated by the theory of cardinal numbers, which Cantor began. Georg Cantor published this proof
Cantor's_diagonal_argument
Computation model defining an abstract machine
in machine-based complexity theory: the off-line multitape Turing machine..., which represents the standard model for string-oriented computation, and the
Turing_machine
Australian singer (1960–1997)
Space (1986) and Frankenstein Unbound (1990). Hutchence was known for his string of love affairs with actresses, models and singers, and his private life
Michael_Hutchence
Candidate unified theory of physics
The theory of causal fermion systems is an approach to describe fundamental physics. It provides a unification of the weak, the strong and the electromagnetic
Causal_fermion_systems
Mathematical function
numbers, where the imaginary part is positive. It also occurs in bosonic string theory. For any complex number τ with Im(τ) > 0, let q = e2πiτ; then the eta
Dedekind_eta_function
Rule system for formal languages
In formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of
Context-free_grammar
Toy
spelled yoyo) is a toy consisting of an axle connected to two disks, and a string looped around the axle, similar to a spool. It is an ancient toy documented
Yo-yo
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises
Casimir_effect
Quantum field theory of electromagnetism
relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between
Quantum_electrodynamics
In chemistry, the history of molecular theory traces the origins of the concept or idea of the existence of strong chemical bonds between two or more atoms
History_of_molecular_theory
British physicist (1902–1984)
forth his large numbers hypothesis. Dirac is seen as having anticipated string theory, with his work on the Dirac membrane and Dirac–Born–Infeld action, both
Paul_Dirac
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Picture
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Biblical
vain pictures; divers picture
Girl/Female
Indian
Picture
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Girl/Female
Tamil
Picture
Boy/Male
Hindu
Picture
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chitrarekha | சிதà¯à®°à®°à¯‡à®•à®¾
Picture
Chitrarekha | சிதà¯à®°à®°à¯‡à®•à®¾
Girl/Female
Muslim
Picture
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Vain pictures, divers picture.
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Picture
Girl/Female
Indian
Picture
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
Girl/Female
Biblical
Leopard, bitterness, rebellion.
Boy/Male
Indian
Lion
Girl/Female
Irish
the name of a saint.
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Finnish, Hebrew, Japanese
God May Protect; Holder of Heels; Supplanter
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mighty
Female
Czechoslovakian
, little.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Who Wins the Universe
Male
Japanese
(哲哉) Japanese name TETSUYA means "sage-(suffering?)"
Girl/Female
Indian
Loveable
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Daughter of a Vedic Muni; One of First Woman to be Well Versed in Vedas; Dimple
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
PICTURE STRING-THEORY
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
n.
One who makes pictures; a painter.
a.
Strong.
v. t.
To picture.
a.
Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
p. p.
of String
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
v. t.
To adorn with pictures.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
imp.
of String
imp. & p. p.
of Picture
n.
A picture.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
n.
An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the picture of grief.
v. t.
To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.