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Type of α-amino acid
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula C 9H 11NO 2. It is one of the four aromatic amino acids and the 21 proteinogenic amino
Phenylalanine
Amino acid metabolic disorder
of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. Untreated PKU can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral
Phenylketonuria
Chemical compound
D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe), sold under the brand names Deprenon, Sabiben, and Sabiden, is an enantiomer of phenylalanine which is described as an antidepressant
D-Phenylalanine
Artificial non-saccharide sweetener
times sweeter than sucrose, and is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names NutraSweet, Equal, and Canderel. Discovered
Aspartame
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine
Phenylalanine_hydroxylase
Chemical compound
Azidophenylalanine (4-azido-L-phenylalanine) is an unnatural amino acid derivative of L-phenylalanine, featuring an azide group at the para position of
Azidophenylalanine
Chemical data page
200-568-1 (phenylalanine) ^a CID 994 from PubChem (phenylalanine) ^a CID 71567 from PubChem (D-phenylalanine) ^a CID 6140 from PubChem (L-phenylalanine)
Phenylalanine_(data_page)
Amino acid
classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA. The one-letter
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase (EC 2.6.1.58) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phenylalanine + pyruvic acid phenylpyruvic
Phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase
Phenylalanine(histidine)_transaminase
Phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.53) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine
Phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase
Phenylalanine_N-acetyltransferase
The enzyme phenylalanine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.53) catalyzes the chemical reaction L-phenylalanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } phenethylamine
Phenylalanine_decarboxylase
Chemical compound
disease or in the rare cases of patients with AADC enzyme deficiency. l-Phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and l-DOPA are all precursors to the biological pigment
L-DOPA
Class of enzymes
enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid.: L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate
Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
Phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phenylalanine O2 H2O benzeneacetamide + CO2 The
Phenylalanine_2-monooxygenase
In enzymology, phenylalanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phenylalanine + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ phenylpyruvic
Phenylalanine_dehydrogenase
Class of chemical compounds
fight-or-flight response. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly
Catecholamine
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, and lysine. Six other amino acids
Essential_amino_acid
Class of enzymes
Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.40, phenylalanine N-hydroxylase, CYP79A2) is an enzyme with systematic name L-phenylalanine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase
Phenylalanine_N-monooxygenase
Medical condition
concentrations of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood. Phenylketonuria (PKU) can result in severe hyperphenylalaninemia. Phenylalanine concentrations are routinely
Hyperphenylalaninemia
Chemical compound
metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. The aromatic side chain of phenylalanine is hydroxylated by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase to form tyrosine
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic_acid
deaminate the amino acid phenylalanine into the products ammonia and phenylpyruvic acid. The test is performed by adding phenylalanine to the growth medium
Diagnostic_microbiology
Protein family
a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1), tyrosine 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2)
Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
Biopterin-dependent_aromatic_amino_acid_hydroxylase
characterised from Escherichia coli interconverts phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid: phenylalanine + α-ketoglutaric acid phenylpyruvic
Aromatic-amino-acid transaminase
Aromatic-amino-acid_transaminase
Enzyme
91) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-arogenate → L phenylalanine + H2O + CO2 Certain forms of the protein have the potential to catalyze
Arogenate_dehydratase
Amino acid having an aromatic ring
includes an aromatic ring. Among the 20 standard amino acids, histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, are classified as aromatic. Aromatic amino acids
Aromatic_amino_acid
Chemical compound
cytotoxicity in both dividing and non-dividing tumor cells. 4-Nitro-L-phenylalanine (1) was converted to its phthalimide by heating with phthalic anhydride
Melphalan
Medication
medication used for the treatment of hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin is a phenylalanine hydroxylase activator. It is also metabolite that is naturally synthesized
Sepiapterin
Set of biochemical processes
the concentrations of the repressor protein and corepressor level. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, the aromatic amino acids, arise from chorismate
Amino_acid_synthesis
Chemical compound
exercise intervention. In mammals it is created from (S)-lactate and L-phenylalanine by the cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase (CNDP2) protein. It is classified
Lac-Phe
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
Oxilofrine PBA PCA PCMA PHA Pentorex Phenatine Phenpromethamine Phentermine Phenylalanine Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pholedrine PIA PMA PMEA PMMA PPAP
MDMA
Medical condition
of dopamine and serotonin and for maintenance of adequate levels of phenylalanine. As of 2020, autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency was
Autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency
Autosomal_recessive_GTP_cyclohydrolase_I_deficiency
Medical condition
a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid obtained normally through the diet, but can
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Tetrahydrobiopterin_deficiency
Monoamine metabolism inhibitor
phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative. It is the α-methylated analogue of phenylalanine, the precursor of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, and the amino
Α-Methylphenylalanine
Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.25, PTAL, bifunctional PAL) is an enzyme with systematic name L-phenylalanine(or L-tyrosine):trans-cinnamate(or
Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase
Phenylalanine/tyrosine_ammonia-lyase
Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton
organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. Their name is derived from
Phenylpropanoid
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
closely related to isosafrole. Parapropamol Phenylalanine D-Phenylalanine "N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-N-methylamine". This set index
C9H11NO2
The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.11, phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase
Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Phenylalanine_racemase_(ATP-hydrolysing)
Chemical compound
oxidative deamination of phenylalanine. When the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is reduced, the amino acid phenylalanine accumulates and gets
Phenylpyruvic_acid
Artificial sweetener
intakes from foods are well below ADI levels. Ingested neotame can form phenylalanine, but in normal use of neotame, this is not significant to those with
Neotame
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
tryptophan depletion, it has been observed activating both tryptophan and phenylalanine. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140105 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
WARS1
leucyl, phenylalanine-tRNA-protein transferase, leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein, aminoacyltransferase, and leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer
Leucyltransferase
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
12 that encodes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This mutation leads to the accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body, affecting multiple
Pleiotropy
from O2. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (recyclizing). It participates in tyrosine
Stizolobate_synthase
Chemical compound
N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF, fMLP or N-formyl-met-leu-phe) is an N-formylated tripeptide and sometimes simply referred to as chemotactic
N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine
Chemical compound
phenylketonuria (PKU). It is a phenylalanine (Phe)‑metabolizing enzyme. Chemically, it is a pegylated derivative of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that metabolizes
Pegvaliase
Chemical compound
Arogenic acid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine. At physiological pH it exists as its conjugate base arogenate as the
Arogenic_acid
Chemical compound
amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Model of tRNA's molecular structure
if the amino acid that attach to the end is phenylalanine, the reaction will be catalyzed by phenylalanine-tRNA synthase to produce tRNAphe. The other
Cloverleaf_model_of_tRNA
is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction anthranilate + L-phenylalanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 ATP ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Cyclopeptine_synthase
Protein domain
In enzymology, a phenylalanine–tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNAPhe ⇌ {\displaystyle
Phenylalanine–tRNA_ligase
Domesticated species of canid
ten: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Like cats, dogs require arginine
Dog
Dopastin • Fusaric acid • Nepicastat • Phenopicolinic acid • Tropolone L-Phenylalanine → L-tyrosine → L-DOPA (levodopa) Ferrous iron (Fe2+) • Tetrahydrobiopterin •
List_of_dopaminergic_drugs
Class of naturally occurring chemical compounds
and cathinone as pseudoalkaloids. Those originate from the amino acid phenylalanine, but acquire their nitrogen atom not from the amino acid but through
Alkaloid
Chemical compound
is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as of a large number of secondary metabolites
Prephenic_acid
Synthetic dopamine prodrug
DA-Phen, also known as dopamine–phenylalanine conjugate, is a synthetic dopamine prodrug which is under preclinical evaluation. Dopamine itself is hydrophilic
DA-Phen
Chemical compound
Its biosynthesis involves the action of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) on phenylalanine. It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams
Cinnamic_acid
Chemical compound
with a strong honey-like odor. Endogenously, it is a catabolite of phenylalanine. As a commercial chemical, because it can be used in the illicit production
Phenylacetic_acid
Human gene
Tetrahydrobiopterin works with an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase to process a substance called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid (a building block
QDPR
Chemical compound
aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan are essential
Shikimic_acid
Genetic metabolic disorder
BH4 deficiency. Patients are prescribed a phenylalanine-reduced diet, with regular monitoring of phenylalanine levels in the blood. Besides the diet, a
Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency
Dihydropteridine_reductase_deficiency
Topics referred to by the same term
Type Theory, an extension of Typed Set Theory; see New Foundations Phenylalanine, an amino acid with the codon TTT Tilt table test, a medical test for
TTT
and mesenchyme. Dispase II is specific for the cleavage of leucine-phenylalanine bonds. Dispase is often used to digest adhering primary cells in culture
Dispase
Anthocyanidin pigment in flowering plant petals and fruits
alpha-Ketoglutaric acid to form L-phenylalanine (figure 1). L-phenylalanine then undergoes an elimination of the primary amine with Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)
Cyanidin
American chemist (1930–2019)
discovered aspartame while working on an anti-ulcer drug. Aspartic acid and phenylalanine had been synthesized by Dr. Mazur, and Schlatter then heated the result
James_M._Schlatter
Class of enzymes
enzyme characterised from guinea pig brain are L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) and α-ketoglutaric acid. Its products are 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic
Dihydroxyphenylalanine transaminase
Dihydroxyphenylalanine_transaminase
Psychoactive stimulant and norepinephrine releasing agent
(MRA) of the phenethylamine family. It is related to the amino acid phenylalanine and to the phenethylamine psychostimulants β-phenethylamine (phenylethylamine)
Phenylalaninol
Class of enzymes
DOPA-reductive deaminase, DOPARDA; systematic name 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate-forming)) catalyses the
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine_reductive_deaminase
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
phenylalanine) are precursors of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine and various trace amines. Phenylalanine
Amino_acid
Blue-green algal genus used in food
all protein-rich foods, spirulina contains the essential amino acid phenylalanine (2.6–4.1 g/100 g), which should be avoided by people who have phenylketonuria
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)
Non-crystallizable yellow nitrated substance derived from proteins
is specific for aromatic compounds such as tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Xanthoproteinic acids are also formed when nitric acid contacts the
Xanthoproteic_acid
Chemical compound
Cinnamaldehyde is biosynthesized from phenylalanine. Deamination of L-phenylalanine into cinnamic acid is catalyzed by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). PAL catalyzes
Cinnamaldehyde
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (i.e. H, I, L, K, M, F, T, W, V)
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
Chemical compound
The compound is structurally related to the amino acids alanine and phenylalanine. It has been used for the synthesis of pseudopeptide analogues that
Diphenylalanine
Chemical compound
phenylpropanoid pathway, in which the natural amino acid L-phenylalanine undergoes a deamination by phenylalanine ammonia lyase to afford (E)-cinnamate. The resulting
Hesperidin
Chemical compound
of pulvinone, both of which derive from aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine via secondary metabolism. The roles of vulpinic acid are not fully established
Vulpinic_acid
Species of grass cultivated as a food crop
g Leucine 0.348 g Lysine 0.137 g Methionine 0.067 g Cystine 0.026 g Phenylalanine 0.150 g Tyrosine 0.123 g Valine 0.185 g Arginine 0.131 g Histidine 0
Maize
Chemical compound
acid similar to phenylalanine, but containing hydroxyl, methoxy, and carboxyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Like phenylalanine, it contains a single
Caramboxin
Chemical compound
nature because it can be biosynthetically derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. Natural sources of the compound include chocolate, buckwheat, flowers
Phenylacetaldehyde
Chemical compound
Ibopamine Isoprenaline Isoetarine L-DOPA (levodopa) L-DOPS (droxidopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine m-Tyramine Metanephrine Metaraminol Metaterol Metirosine
BOH-2C-B
Substance related to dopamine functions
by binding to and inhibiting VMAT2. Dopamine precursors including L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine are used as dietary supplements. L-DOPA (Levodopa), another
Dopaminergic
Pharmaceutical compound
(BNCT) for the treatment of cancer. It is a boronic acid derivative of phenylalanine enriched with the isotope boron-10. Borofalan has been approved in Japan
Borofalan
British biochemist (1919–2021)
struggled to reduce the levels of phenylalanine in food. Woolf's idea of using activated charcoal to filter phenylalanine from casein hydrolysate laid the
Louis_Isaac_Woolf
Enzyme
specificity of pepsin is broad, but some amino acids like tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan increase the probability of cleavage. Pepsin's zymogen
Pepsin
Chemical compound
not found in the root. (R)-Prunasin begins with the common amino acid phenylalanine, which in plants is produced via the Shikimate pathway in primary metabolism
Prunasin
Orally active, lipolytic fragment of human growth hormone
It consists of HGH residues 176–191, with a tyrosine in place of the phenylalanine at the N-terminal end. Initial human trials showed that it retains the
AOD9604
Brand of soft drink
benzoate, aspartame, and acesulfame potassium. (Aspartame contains phenylalanine.) Comparing Sprite Zero Sugar to other popular lemon-lime sodas: "Sprite
Sprite_Zero_Sugar
Monoamine that acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator
serotonin. All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
Monoamine_neurotransmitter
prephenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. As of late 2007, only one structure
Prephenate_dehydratase
Medication mainly used for depression and smoking cessation
Ibopamine Isoprenaline Isoetarine L-DOPA (levodopa) L-DOPS (droxidopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine m-Tyramine Metanephrine Metaraminol Metaterol Metirosine
Bupropion
Protein quality method
Leucine 96 66 61 Lysine 69 57 48 Methionine + Cysteine (SAA) 33 27 23 Phenylalanine + Tyrosine (AAA) 94 52 41 Threonine 44 31 25 Tryptophan 17 8.5 6.6 Valine
Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score
Digestible_Indispensable_Amino_Acid_Score
Chemical compound
In biochemistry, wybutosine (yW) is a heavily modified nucleoside of phenylalanine transfer RNA that stabilizes interactions between the codons and anti-codons
Wybutosine
Chemical compound
Ibopamine Isoprenaline Isoetarine L-DOPA (levodopa) L-DOPS (droxidopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine m-Tyramine Metanephrine Metaraminol Metaterol Metirosine
2C-T-36
Class of enzymes
4-Maleylacetoacetate isomerase is an enzyme involved in the degradation of L-phenylalanine. It is encoded by the gene glutathione S-transferase zeta 1, or GSTZ1
Maleylacetoacetate_isomerase
Class of enzymes
aminoexotripeptidase, lymphopeptidase, imidoendopeptidase, peptidase B, alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase, peptidase T) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses
Tripeptide_aminopeptidase
Chemical compound
(Morus alba L.) leaves begins with phenylalanine, which produces cinnamic acid under the action of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Cinnamic acid is
Rutin
Human enzyme
sympathetic neurons and the adrenal medulla. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase together make up the family of
Tyrosine_hydroxylase
Cyclic chemical group (–C6H5)
p-phenylene (C6H4) group. It is an antihistamine used to treat allergies. Phenylalanine, a common amino acid. Biphenyl, consisting of two phenyl groups. The
Phenyl_group
Chemical in plants
aromatic amino acids L-phenylalanine or L-tyrosine, both products of the Shikimate pathway. When starting from L-phenylalanine, first the amino acid is
Apigenin
Class of enzyme
conversion of chorismate to prephenate in the pathway to the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine, also known as the shikimate pathway. chorismic acid
Chorismate_mutase
Chemical compound
and as such is synthesized from L-phenylalanine, which in turn is produced via the shikimate pathway. Phenylalanine is lysated into cinnamic acid, followed
Umbellic_acid
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