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The persistent radical effect (PRE) in chemistry describes and explains the selective product formation found in certain free-radical cross-reactions
Persistent_radical_effect
Method of radical polymerization
living nature of NMP is due to the persistent radical effect (PRE). The PRE is a phenomenon observable in some radical systems which leads to the highly
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated_radical_polymerization
not proceed via the persistent radical effect (PRE). Instead an active propagating radical interchanges its role with a latent radical in a dormant complex
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization
Cobalt-mediated_radical_polymerization
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
carbon-centered radical R• stabilized if the corresponding R–H bond is weaker than in an alkane; the radical is persistent if the radical lifetime lasts
Radical_(chemistry)
and architecture. Due to some inherited drawbacks, such the persistent radical effect (PRE), several advanced ATRP techniques have been developed, including
Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Copper-based_reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Family of chemical compounds
Stable and persistent phosphorus radicals are phosphorus-centred radicals that are isolable and can exist for at least short periods of time. The common
Stable_phosphorus_radicals
Radicals centered on boron atoms
and structural analysis of persistent radicals starting in 2007 with Gabbai's acridinium moiety attached to a boryl radical. Around the same time, NHC-boranes
Boryl_radicals
Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. They
Persistent_organic_pollutant
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
Konorski Learned industriousness Matching law Negative (positive) contrast effect Radical behaviorism (conceptual theory of behavior analysis that expands behaviorism
Operant_conditioning
Matter composed of organic compounds
Chenu, Claire (October 2016). "The energetic and chemical signatures of persistent soil organic matter". Biogeochemistry. 130 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:2016Biogc
Organic_matter
Characteristic of biological processes
dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within
Hormesis
Class of chemical compounds
triphenylmethyl radical, which was the first organic radical described, has been known for over 100 years, characterization of transient, persistent, or stable
Trivalent_group_14_radicals
Female reproductive system health issue
weeks of gestation, leading to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A persistent ectopic pregnancy refers to the continuation of trophoblastic growth after
Ectopic_pregnancy
Synthetic polymer
widely applied per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are persistent organic pollutants. PTFE occupies more than half of all fluoropolymer
Polytetrafluoroethylene
1979 book by Janice Raymond
has become the archetypal articulation of radical feminist hostility to transsexuality and has had a persistent influence on feminist perceptions of transgender
The_Transsexual_Empire
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
power. Radical Republicans swept to power in the 1866 midterm elections, gaining majorities in both houses of Congress. In 1867–68, the Radical Republicans
Reconstruction_era
Condensed digital summary generated from an audio signal
fingerprinting include identifying songs, melodies, tunes, or advertisements; sound effect library management; and video file identification. Media identification
Acoustic_fingerprint
Organic molecule containing a neutral carbon with two unbound valence electrons
ligands, but otherwise cannot be stored in bulk. A rare exception are the persistent carbenes, which have extensive application in modern organometallic chemistry
Carbene
Surfactant and antiseptic agent
skin after initial application. Benzalkonium chloride has demonstrated persistent antimicrobial activity for up to four hours after contact whereas ethanol-based
Benzalkonium_chloride
U.S. surface-to-surface cruise missile
during World War II. The JB-1A was also an early jet aircraft, with a radical flying wing planform. In August 1942, a Fieseler Fi 103, code name Flakzielgerät-43
Northrop_JB-1_Bat
Philosophical tradition
strength to be the very features that led to its decline. These are "persistent and early criticisms of positivist interpretations of scientific methodology;
Pragmatism
Inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the colon
periods of reduced or absent clinical symptoms between flares, though persistent functional symptoms can remain during remission. Complications may include
Ulcerative_colitis
Cardiac drug
Hypoxia, heart failure and oxygen derived free radicals are all factors believed to activate the persistent sodium current. In ischemia, the major damage
F15845
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
conceived as an avian humanoid species with an exoskeleton, whose biology is radically different from that of humanity and several other species, and are culturally
Turian
2025 economic policy by Donald Trump
Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits. This order declared a national
Liberation_Day_tariffs
Increase in consumption following energy or resource savings
of leisure time. Recent research shows that the rebound effect is broader and more persistent than earlier discussions suggested. Although the idea originally
Rebound_effect_(conservation)
Triatomic oxygen molecule
names pay no regard to the radicality of the ozone molecule. In an even more specific context, this can also name the non-radical singlet ground state, whereas
Ozone
Political party in Greece
Europeanization Effect. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 210. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) Susana Salgado (2019). "Not All About Trends: Persistent Singularities
Independent_Greeks
Journalistic media that disperse action-oriented political agendas
political stance can be other obstacles to radical media. "Perishability", on the other hand, is a persistent issue raised by both proponents and dissenters
Radical_media
Hindu tradition of textual interpretation
origination and interdependent phenomena (pratītya-samutpāda) but no stable persistent identities, neither eternal universals nor particulars. In Buddhism, thoughts
Advaita_Vedanta
French statesman (1851–1925)
his own cabinet, distinctively radical, which fell as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the Senate to vote supply
Léon_Bourgeois
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Annual experimental event in Nevada, US
is guided by ten stated principles: radical inclusion, gifting, decommodification, radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, civic
Burning_Man
King of Joseon from 1724 to 1776
Yeongjo is most remembered for his reform of the taxation system, and persistent efforts to reconcile the various political factions through his Tangpyeong
Yeongjo_of_Joseon
Type of unpleasant bodily feeling
persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called "chronic" or "persistent", and pain that resolves quickly is called "acute". The International
Pain
Rain that is unusually acidic
freshwaters, soils, microbes, insects and aquatic life-forms. In ecosystems, persistent acid rain negatively affects tree bark, leaving trees more susceptible
Acid_rain
Medical condition
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) have adopted the term persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) to replace AFP. In the 2nd Edition of the
Atypical_facial_pain
Skin product helping to prevent sunburn
of sunscreen may be lower than the square of the single-layer SPF. The persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method is a method of measuring UVA protection
Sunscreen
Islamist movements for jihad
defines "jihadism" as "a revolutionary program whose ideology promises radical social change in the Muslim world... [with] a central role to jihad as
Jihadism
exhibit antisocial behavior only during adolescence, and the life-course-persistent offenders, who begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue
Developmental_theory_of_crime
Acts of Parliament to address poverty and social instability in Ireland
Parliament intended to address social instability due to widespread and persistent poverty in Ireland. While some legislation had been introduced by the
Irish_poor_laws
French revolutionary, lawyer and politician (1758–1794)
arms in self-defence, and the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. A radical Jacobin leader, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the National Convention
Maximilien_Robespierre
Feeding of babies or toddlers with milk from the human breast
insufficient intake, such as decreased urination, dry mucous membranes, or persistent signs of hunger, are noticed. If these signs are noticed, it is important
Breastfeeding
Class of organotin(II) compounds
steric protection. Adducts with Lewis bases are also known. The first persistent stannylene, [(Me3Si)2CH]2Sn, was reported by Michael F. Lappert in 1973
Stannylene
Species of bacteria
promotes persistent infection by consuming arginine; macrophages use arginine to produce nitric oxide, which has a strong antimicrobial effect. The ammonia
Helicobacter_pylori
American abolitionist and statesman (1811–1874)
establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau. The Radicals desired the immediate emancipation of slaves and persistently lobbied for it as wartime policy, but Lincoln
Charles_Sumner
Abundance of financial assets or possessions
16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. UNU-WIDER. Ropers, Richard H, Ph.D. Persistent Poverty: The American Dream Turned Nightmare. New York: Insight Books
Wealth
1774 novel by J.W. Goethe
however, a modern biographer of Goethe, dismisses the Werther effect "as only a persistent rumor." Nonetheless, this aspect of "Werther Fever" was watched
The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther
Chinese tile-based game
special hands that do not follow the typical pattern. Players hold a persistent score across rounds until the game ends. Mahjong was developed in the
Mahjong
1932–1940 political party
Rothermere was a notable early supporter. As the party became increasingly radical, however, support declined. The Olympia Rally of 1934, in which a number
British_Union_of_Fascists
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
integrated with the Ba'ath party apparatus. The 1963 Ba'athist coup marked a "radical break" in modern Syrian history, after which Ba'ath party monopolised power
Ba'athist_Syria
of their buildings, including the famous Parthenon. These two equally persistent beliefs are likewise assuredly false and, in any case, are completely
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Rapid and fundamental political change
or economic chaos, or an affront to national pride and identity, or persistent repression and corruption. Revolutions typically trigger counter-revolutions
Revolution
English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)
was said to be very charming and to possess a radiant smile. Her most persistent suitor was the politician and poet Richard Monckton Milnes, but after
Florence_Nightingale
1936–1938 alliance of political parties in France
late 1938. The Radical government crushed the Communists and fired over 800,000 workers. In effect, the Radical Party stood alone. Radical cultural ideas
Popular_Front_(France)
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
his reading of the Mass Effect series for disability representation, Adan Jerreat-Poole observed that quarian culture "radically repositions" disability
Quarian
Fundamental teachings of Calvinism
Predestination. The five points are the following: Total depravity (also called radical corruption) asserts that as a consequence of the fall of man into sin,
Five_Points_of_Calvinism
Country primarily in North America
Since the 1990s, droughts in the American Southwest have become more persistent and more severe. The regions considered as the most attractive to the
United_States
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Neutral events can radically reduce genetic variation through population bottlenecks, which among other things can cause the founder effect in initially small
Natural_selection
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
multifactorial, and vexing symptom that is highly prevalent (76%) and stubbornly persistent, as evidenced by longitudinal studies over 5 years. Fatigue does not improve
Fibromyalgia
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
previously found effect sizes. When heterogeneity is high, subsequent replications have a high probability of finding an effect size radically different than
Replication_crisis
Chemical compound
down into short-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), which are persistent organic pollutants. HFO-1234yf was developed by a team at DuPont, led
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
Chemical compound
of patients in need of it. Its main use is in those patients who have persistent disease despite surgical resection, those who are not surgical candidates
Mitotane
Political party in the United States
adopted anti-vaccine activism and policy. The Republican Party has a persistent history of skepticism or opposition to multilateralism in American foreign
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
1979 nuclear accident in Pennsylvania
(Electric Power Research Institute). p. 8-1. Retrieved October 24, 2021. A persistent optimism existed that the damage beyond the known areas was not as bad
Three_Mile_Island_accident
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901
to make Conroy her private secretary. As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen
Queen_Victoria
Highly carcinogenic chemical compounds
production being banned internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. The manufacture of PCBs has declined drastically
Polychlorinated_biphenyl
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
return to their villages on their own; the army, on the other hand, was persistent in using various ways to prevent this from happening, particularly in
Nakba
Atmospheric electrical phenomenon
man was killed by contact with the third ball. Crew members reported a persistent, sickening sulphur smell afterward. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, in his 1864
Ball_lightning
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
2011, respectively) that articles are dominated by the loudest and most persistent voices, usually by a group with an "ax to grind" on the topic. A 2008
Wikipedia
American law enforcement administrator (1895–1972)
Intelligence Division, also known as the Radical Division because its goal was to monitor and disrupt the work of domestic radicals. America's First Red Scare was
J._Edgar_Hoover
Exposing of scandalous activity
failure and reprisals. Some whistleblowers speak of overwhelming and persistent distress, drug and alcohol problems, paranoid behavior at work, acute
Whistleblowing
Form of sexual dysfunction in males
impotence, is a form of sexual dysfunction in males characterized by the persistent or recurring inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection with sufficient
Erectile_dysfunction
1961 book by Frantz Fanon
seek the help of the lumpenproletariat to provide the force required to effect the expulsion of the colonists. In traditional Marxist theory, the lumpenproletariats
The_Wretched_of_the_Earth
Medical condition
Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is the illness resulting from the toxic effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). It usually occurs after the inhalation of the gas
Nitrogen_dioxide_poisoning
pomegranate whose tasty arils are hidden inside a tough epicarp topped by a persistent calyx shaped like a crown or, when viewed from above, like the six-pointed
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
public concern over national security, public safety, organized crime, persistent distrust in political institutions, and ongoing debates about corruption
2026 Peruvian general election
2026_Peruvian_general_election
white supremacist ideologies. As of the 2020s, scholars have categorised radical right parties in the UK as belonging to a subset of the far-right, distinguished
Far-right politics in the United Kingdom
Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom
American social networking service
spring 2007 to 2008,[timeframe?] the messages were handled by a Ruby persistent queue server called Starling. Since 2009, implementation has been gradually
X_(social_network)
Effects of drugs on the environment
fish. PPCPs encompass environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs) and are one type of persistent organic pollutants. They are not removed
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products
American political campaign
embraced conspiracies such as QAnon. There was a strategy behind this persistent lying. By "flooding the zone with shit," Trump's campaign received unrivaled
Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign
Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
of energy that affects the universe on its largest scales. Its primary effect is to drive the accelerating expansion of the universe. It also slows the
Dark_energy
1980 novel by John Kennedy Toole
She criticizes his self-centered lifestyle and urges him to join her in radical political agitation. To impress Myrna, Ignatius tries (unsuccessfully)
A_Confederacy_of_Dunces
Mayor of Boston since 2021
judge sided with the unions, blocking the city worker mandate. Wu faced persistent demonstrations outside of her house protesting her COVID measures. Wu
Michelle_Wu
Political and social unrest in the Russian Empire
Propositions for restrictions to the Duma's legislative powers remained persistent. A decree on 20 February 1906 transformed the State Council, the advisory
Russian_Revolution_of_1905
American cultural anthropologist, activist, and feminist (born 1949)
Reflections on butch, gender, and boundaries", in Joan Nestle (Ed). The Persistent Desire. A Femme-Butch-Reader. Boston: Alyson. 466 (1992). Misguided, Dangerous
Gayle_Rubin
Earth's most severe extinction event
stress during the biotic recovery interval, with regions experiencing persistent environmental stress post-extinction recovering more slowly, supporting
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
General election for the 54th Parliament of New Zealand
September 2023). "Watch: David Seymour's ACT Party re-launch disrupted by persistent hecklers". Stuff. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. "Watch:
2023 New Zealand general election
2023_New_Zealand_general_election
June 2019, the TMC's security forces, including RSF and SAF, attacked persistent demonstrators in the Khartoum massacre, with more than a hundred demonstrators
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or
Psychedelic_drug
Theory of large, discontinuous changes
of cause (involving a big, discontinuous change) and kind of effect (a persistent effect). Yet, it challenges some common assumptions in many approaches
Critical_juncture_theory
Chemical compound
molecular oxygen to the superoxide free radical by oxidizing NADPH to NADP+. This has a doubly negative effect on the lungs. Firstly, the NADPH used by
Pyocyanin
still making people cry. The former president resurrected one of his most persistent claims during an interview that aired over the weekend: the one about
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump
False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump
Substance applied to items to slow burning or delay ignition
highly reactive H· and OH· radicals in the flame, resulting in an inactive molecule and a Cl· or Br· radical. The halogen radical is much less reactive compared
Flame_retardant
1970 protests against Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos
reforms) became convinced that they had no choice but to call for more radical social change. Similar watershed events would later include the February
First_Quarter_Storm
Academic field focused on girlhood
have found that connections between "girls' psychosocial development and persistent issues in adult women's lives" are not as present in recent scholarship
Girl_studies
American brain injury survivor (1823–1860)
business man, very energetic and persistent in executing all his plans of operation. In this regard his mind was radically changed, so decidedly that his
Phineas_Gage
Japanese author and coup attempt leader (1925–1970)
home the same day had I felt the pressure of a smile come pushing so persistently at my lips that I had difficulty in concealing it? Why had I run so when
Yukio_Mishima
1966 studio album by the Beach Boys
the only blues are in the themes and in Brian's voice." Johnston heard persistent doo-wop and R&B influences. Music journalist Noah Berlatsky attributed
Pet_Sounds
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
To Attack Violently and Persistently
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Veiled; Covered
Girl/Female
Muslim
Assiduous, Persistent
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Content; Satisfied
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Lord of Pleasure
Male
African
obstinate, persistent.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Lovely tune.
Girl/Female
Indian
Assiduous, Persistent
Female
Bulgarian
, persistent, resolute.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Veiled, Covered
Male
Celtic
, sportive.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Neat
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
God's Kindness
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Assiduous; Persistent; Devoted
Female
Romanian
Romanian name derived from the Slavic word rod, RODICA means "fertile."
Girl/Female
Australian, Romanian
Renowned Ruler
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who is full of shame
Girl/Female
Indian, Modern
Rose
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One who is Full of Shame
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil, Traditional
Lover of Krishna; Successful; Prosperous
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Brilliance; Brightness; Lustre; Sharpness
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Reddish; One who Strives to Achieve her Best
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
God Muruga
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, Latin
Pretty Rose; Gentle Horse
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Reviver of the Faith
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, British, English, Indian
Flower; Girl; Eye of the Day
Biblical
a help
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Victory.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Star
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
a.
Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
a.
Persistent.
n.
Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence, etc.
n.
Alt. of Persistency
a.
Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
a.
Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
adv.
In a persistent manner.
a.
Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections; (Zool.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery.
n.
A radicle.
a.
Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
a.
A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
a.
Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.
a.
Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.
n.
The persistence of motion.
n.
One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
a.
Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
n.
The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.
n.
A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
adv.
In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective.
n.
A rootlet; a radicel.