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Type of soil in frozen state
Permafrost (from perma- 'permanent' and frost) is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two years or more; the
Permafrost
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up permafrost in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Permafrost is permanently frozen ground found in periglacial zones. Permafrost may also refer to:
Permafrost_(disambiguation)
Underground passage dug through permafrost
A permafrost tunnel is an underground passage dug through permafrost for the purpose of facilitating scientific research on climate change and other goals
Permafrost_tunnel
Tourist complex in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
Permafrost Kingdom (Russian: Ца́рство ве́чной мерзлоты́) is a tourist complex in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. Established in 2005, the complex is located
Permafrost_Kingdom
Biome where plant growth is hindered by frigid temperatures
dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle
Tundra
Impacts of climate change on the Arctic
accelerating melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the thawing of the permafrost landscape. These ongoing transformations are expected to be irreversible
Climate_change_in_the_Arctic
Sub-cycle of the larger global carbon cycle
The permafrost carbon cycle or Arctic carbon cycle is a sub-cycle of the larger global carbon cycle. Permafrost is defined as subsurface material that
Permafrost_carbon_cycle
2007 studio album by Skeletonwitch
Beyond the Permafrost is the second full-length album by American metal band Skeletonwitch. The album blends thrash metal and influence from the NWOBHM
Beyond_the_Permafrost
Critical thresholds in climate science
ecosystems, and the atmosphere. Examples of tipping points include thawing permafrost, which will release methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, or melting ice
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Research institute in Russia
Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (Russian: Институт мерзлотоведения имени П. И. Мельникова СО РАН)
Melnikov_Permafrost_Institute
Ecological experiment to make an Ice Age-Like Reserve
emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases. It is also thought that
Pleistocene_Park
Baltic German scientist (1792–1876)
expeditions, the scientific investigation of permafrost began in Russia. Baer recorded the importance of permafrost research even before 1837 when observing
Karl_Ernst_von_Baer
Russian earth scientist
ecosystem to disappear and for raising awareness as to the important roles permafrost and thermokarst lakes play in the global carbon cycle. According to a
Sergey_Zimov
Mound of earth-covered ice
diameter. They are typically conical in shape and grow and persist only in permafrost environments, such as the Arctic and subarctic. A pingo is a periglacial
Pingo
1993 studio album by Thomas Köner
Permafrost is the third solo album from German ambient music producer, Thomas Köner. Considered by many[who?] as his greatest work, he further develops
Permafrost_(album)
Mountain range in Norway
5 °C indicates areas with occurrences of widespread mountain permafrost. Thus, permafrost existis in large parts of Jotunheimen due its more continental
Jotunheimen
Layer of topsoil above permafrost
In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In all
Active_layer
Low frost heave in polar and subpolar climates
a typical phenomenon in the polar and subpolar zone of discontinuous permafrost. One of their characteristics is having steep slopes that rise above the
Palsa
City in Sakha Republic, Russia
slightly colder). Yakutsk is also the largest city located in continuous permafrost; the only other large city is Norilsk, also in Siberia. Yakutsk is in
Yakutsk
Earth's surface where water is frozen
snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is an overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an
Cryosphere
International programme monitoring permafrost parameters
Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN‐P) is the primary international programme concerned with monitoring permafrost parameters. GTN‐P was developed
Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost
Global_Terrestrial_Network_for_Permafrost
Academic journal
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on permafrost and periglacial geomorphology. It
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
Permafrost_and_Periglacial_Processes
Museum in Russia
Permafrost Museum was established on 19 March 1965 in Igarka, Russia. It uniquely features underground structures within the thickness of permafrost.
Permafrost_Museum
Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation
peatlands is permafrost-affected, and this area represents around a tenth of the total permafrost area, and also a tenth (185 ± 66 Gt) of all permafrost carbon
Peat
Municipality in Lapland, Finland
the ground and the development of permafrost. Palsas are a typical permafrost feature in northern Finland. Permafrost formation in palsas is dictated by
Utsjoki
Crater formed by permafrost gas release
believed to be caused by an overheated buildup of gas stuck below a layer of permafrost. The gas is primarily methane (also known as "natural gas") and is generally
Gas_emission_crater
National park in Alaska, US
had near-surface permafrost, or an active permafrost layer, in the 1950s. In the 2000s, around 50% of Denali had near-surface permafrost. It is suspected
Denali National Park and Preserve
Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve
American literary journal
Permafrost is the farthest north literary journal in the United States. Based out of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Permafrost publishes poetry,
Permafrost:_Literary_Journal
Novelette by Roger Zelazny
"Permafrost" is a science fiction novelette by American writer Roger Zelazny, published in 1986. On Balfrost, a planet that experiences decades-long seasons
Permafrost_(story)
permafrost mummies during the Late Pleistocene. It includes all known species that have had their tissues partially preserved within the permafrost layer
List of Ice Age species preserved as permafrost mummies
List_of_Ice_Age_species_preserved_as_permafrost_mummies
Stand of trees displaced from their normal vertical alignment
taiga forests of black spruce (Picea mariana) under which discontinuous permafrost or ice wedges have melted, causing trees to tilt at various angles. Tilted
Drunken_trees
Polar region of the Earth's northern hemisphere
has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost under the tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places
Arctic
Spanish poet and writer
Editor, 2024 Translated Work Permafrost. Penguin Random House, 2018 (Spanish) Permafrost. Nottetempo, 2019 (Italian) Permafrost. And Other Stories, 2021 (English)
Eva_Baltasar
Irregular land surface of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when permafrost thaws
irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when ice-rich permafrost thaws. The land surface type occurs in Arctic areas, and on a smaller
Thermokarst
American scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center
on terrestrial ecosystems, primarily on Arctic permafrost. She is also the project lead for Permafrost Pathways, a new initiative launched in 2022 with
Susan_M._Natali
British musician
Synch, a consultant for Schubert Music Europe, and the keyboardist in Permafrost. Bamonte worked with Depeche Mode early in their career, setting up and
Daryl_Bamonte
Plateau in Central, South and East Asia
to 300 millimetres (3.9 to 11.8 in), comparable to a polar desert, and permafrost is extensive. In the remote Changtang region in the northwestern part
Tibetan_Plateau
Mountain range in Finland, Norway, and Sweden
winter. Higher up, widespread permafrost may be expected at altitudes with a MAAT of −3.5 °C (25.5 °F), continuous permafrost at altitudes with a MAAT of
Scandinavian_Mountains
Third planet from the Sun
seasonally variable amounts of sea ice that often connects with polar land, permafrost and ice sheets, forming polar ice caps.[citation needed] Earth's land
Earth
Town in the Komi Republic, Russia
the coast of the Arctic Ocean.[citation needed] It is located in the permafrost zone. The distance by road (there is no permanent highway, therefore,
Vorkuta
Genus of viruses
viable specimen was found in a 30,000-year-old ice core harvested from permafrost in Siberia, Russia. It is the third-largest known giant virus, behind
Alphapithovirus
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
more common. Amplified warming in the Arctic has contributed to thawing permafrost, retreat of glaciers and sea ice decline. Higher temperatures are also
Climate_change
Dynamic feature of thawing permafrost terrain
thaw slump (RTS) is a type of landslide that occurs in the terrestrial permafrost region of the circumpolar Northern Hemisphere when an ice-rich section
Retrogressive_thaw_slump
American geomorphologist and skier (1911–2007)
geomorphologist studying permafrost. Washburn was a proficient skier participating in the 1936 Winter Olympics. Much of his work on permafrost was done in the
Albert_Lincoln_Washburn
The Permafrost Young Researcher’s Network (PYRN) is a network formed in 2005 to formally facilitate and strengthen contacts among young scientists in the
Permafrost Young Researchers Network
Permafrost_Young_Researchers_Network
Glacial and climatological station in northern Sweden
type in the world. In 1976, the first systematic studies on mountain permafrost in Scandinavia were started using Tarfala research station as main research
Tarfala_research_station
the warm periods. Permafrost is ground that is permanently frozen, which most of the land in the Arctic is. Monitoring of permafrost in Svalbard is an
Climate_of_Svalbard
Release of methane in the Arctic
the Arctic, the main human-influenced sources of methane are thawing permafrost, Arctic sea ice melting, clathrate breakdown and Greenland ice sheet melting
Arctic_methane_emissions
Thermokarst crater in Siberia, Russia
a thermokarst depression in the Chersky Range area. The largest known permafrost crater in the world, it is within the Sakha Republic, Russia, in its Verkhoyansky
Batagaika_crater
hospital is not equipped for births, and no burials are allowed because of permafrost, include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the
Demographics_of_Norway
US Army Corps of Engineers facility in Hanover, New Hampshire
antecedent organizations whose purpose was to understand frozen ground, permafrost, snow and ice as factors which were important in strategic northern areas
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
Cold_Regions_Research_and_Engineering_Laboratory
Environmental Organisation
The International Permafrost Association (IPA), founded in 1983, is an international professional body formed to foster the dissemination of knowledge
International Permafrost Association
International_Permafrost_Association
Country in northern Europe
Europe. Norway has about 400,000 lakes and 239,057 registered islands. Permafrost can be found all year in the higher mountain areas and in the interior
Norway
1992 studio album by Thomas Köner
together with next album, "Permafrost" (which were later re-issued in 1996 on one disc by Mille Plateaux - Teimo & Permafrost) is considered by many critics
Teimo
Prehistoric virus discovered in 2022 at Siberian Permafrost
originated 48,500 years ago which was discovered in the deep Siberian permafrost in 2022. The scientists also revived 13 new pathogens and characterized
Pandoravirus_yedoma
Peninsula located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Siberia, Russia
Aleksei Portnov: The permafrost is thawing from two sides ... [T]he interior of the Earth is warm and is warming the permafrost from the bottom up. It
Yamal_Peninsula
Mountain in Innlandet, Norway
that permafrost must be widespread and probably extends to a depth of several hundred meters. Within the EU-sponsored project PACE (Permafrost and Climate
Juvvasshøe
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
food web. Permafrost thaw also results in greenhouse gas emissions, but the limited volume of Antarctic permafrost relative to Arctic permafrost means that
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
30% of the Earth's surface was covered by ice. In addition, a zone of permafrost stretched southward from the edge of the glacial sheet, a few hundred
Pleistocene
Geological formation in Victoria, Australia
The Wonthaggi Formation is an informal geological formation in Victoria, Australia whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. It is part of the Strzelecki
Wonthaggi_Formation
Village in northern Sweden
It had 85 inhabitants as of 2005. Permafrost is common around the village, although this low-altitude permafrost is disappearing because of global warming
Abisko
Railway line in Tibet, China
constructed until technical difficulties of building railroad tracks on permafrost were solved. This section was formally started on 29 June 2001, finished
Qinghai–Tibet_railway
Subarctic terrestrial ecozone
ecosystems are some of the most vulnerable to climate change. Both loss of permafrost, reductions in cold weather and increases in summer heat cause significant
Boreal_ecosystem
U.S. state
natural lakes at least one hectare or bigger. Marshlands and wetland permafrost cover 188,320 square miles (487,700 km2) (mostly in northern, western
Alaska
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
causing more frequent wildfires, and thawing the country's large expanse of permafrost. Russia, owing to its gigantic size, has diverse ecosystems, including
Russia
Soviet hydraulic engineer and geophysicist
geophysicist. He was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1966 for his work on permafrost engineering, particularly pioneering the use of deep piling to elevate
Mikhail_Kim
Permafrost soils
They are soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing permafrost within two meters (6 ft 7 in) of the soil surface. The word "gelisol"
Gelisol
natural environment with effects such as more intense forest fires, thawing permafrost, and desertification. These changes impact ecosystems and societies, and
Effects_of_climate_change
detectable and sustained trend emerging at the global scale." Thawing of permafrost (frozen ground), which is located in higher latitudes, the Arctic and
Soil_carbon_feedback
Proposed virus species
Abergel and Jean-Michel Claverie in a 30,000-year-old sample of Siberian permafrost, where the team had previously found the unrelated giant virus Alphapithovirus
Mollivirus_sibericum
Pathogens which may re-emerge as ancient ice/permafrost is lost
On Earth, frozen environments such as permafrost and glaciers are known for their ability to preserve items, as they are too cold for ordinary decomposition
Pathogenic microorganisms in frozen environments
Pathogenic_microorganisms_in_frozen_environments
Species of bacterium
from the genus Chryseobacterium. It has been isolated from the alpine permafrost of the Tianshan Mountains in China. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de "Straininfo of Chryseobacterium
Chryseobacterium_xinjiangense
Permanently-thawed zone amid a permafrost area
year-round unfrozen ground located in the middle of a permafrost area. In regions of continuous permafrost, taliks often occur underneath shallow thermokarst
Talik
Mountain range in Siberia, Russia
(Yakutia), Siberia, Russia. The plateau is in a latitude dominated by permafrost. The permafrost thickness under the Anabar Plateau reaches 1,400 metres (4,600 ft)
Anabar_Plateau
River in Northwest Territories, Canada
specialist in permafrost, has documented significant changes in the balance of dissolved ions in the river's water as the region's permafrost starts to melt
Peel_River_(Canada)
Russian rail road route
and it was built with special, durable tracks since much of it ran over permafrost. Due to the severe terrain, weather, length and cost, Soviet general secretary
Baikal–Amur_Mainline
Lake in Kiruna municipality in Sweden
dependent on temperature variations. Permafrost is common in the land around the lake. This low elevation permafrost is disappearing because of global warming
Torneträsk
Feedback related to climate change
into plants and released when biomass burns or decays. For instance, permafrost thaw produces both CO2 and methane emissions in ways that are difficult
Climate_change_feedbacks
Species of nematode
Bartels, Meghan. "46,000-Year-Old Worm Possibly Revived from Siberian Permafrost". Scientific American. Retrieved 2023-07-30. Shatilovich, Anastasia; Gade
Panagrolaimus_kolymaensis
Spirit in Innu mythology related to the werewolf
Innu mythology, Atshen is a cannibalistic spirit that hunts through the permafrost. Werewolf Wendigo Henriksen, Georg (2009). I Dreamed the Animals: Kaniuekutat:
Atshen
Coating or deposit of ice
the insulation of the Earth to reach deep enough to thaw the permafrost layer. The permafrost may begin from the surface of the ground or many meters beneath
Frost
Country in North America
(104 °F). Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three
Canada
Heat-transfer device that employs phase transition
water.[citation needed] Building on permafrost is difficult because heat from the structure can thaw the permafrost. Heat pipes are used in some cases
Heat_pipe
River in Russia
the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over
Lena_River
Snow accumulation which stays longer than other snow cover
surface by obstructing permafrost. In areas with permafrost the active layer may be lacking under snowpatches, with the permafrost extending all the way
Snow_patch
Canada, Greenland, Siberia and Antarctica are currently unexplored due to permafrost and may hold substantial undiscovered reserves. Australia is estimated
List of countries by uranium reserves
List_of_countries_by_uranium_reserves
Species of bacterium
Gram-positive bacterium from the arctic part of Alaska. It was found in permafrost, seemingly frozen there for 32,000 years. Melting the ice, however, brought
Carnobacterium_pleistocenium
Topics referred to by the same term
communication Sporadic meteor, not part of a meteor swarm Sporadic permafrost, discontinuous permafrost that covers only a fraction of an area This disambiguation
Sporadic
Russian scientist, born 1873
Tashkent) was a Russian permafrost scientist, one of the organizers of the Permanent Commission for the Study of Permafrost (постоянной Комиссии по изучению
Mikhail_Sumgin
Additional material is deposited to a permafrost site during freezing conditions
Syngenetic permafrost growth is a mode of the growth of permafrost whereby additional material is deposited to a permafrost site during freezing conditions
Syngenetic_permafrost_growth
Species of flowering plant
in Siberian and Antarctic permafrost, his achievement attracted scientists from all over the world to research on permafrost life systems." Initially,
Silene_stenophylla
Emissions, impacts and responses of Russia related to climate change
climate, including average temperatures and precipitation, as well as permafrost melting, more frequent wildfires, flooding and heatwaves. Changes may
Climate_change_in_Russia
Snow-free valleys in Antarctica
Antarctica's longest river. Although no living organisms have been found in the permafrost here, endolithic photosynthetic bacteria have been found living in the
McMurdo_Dry_Valleys
Geographical region of Russia comprising North Asia
of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch, preserved in ice or permafrost. Specimens of Goldfuss cave lion cubs, Yuka the mammoth and another woolly
Siberia
Method of heat exchange in which convection drives pumpless circulation
caused by the thawing of the permafrost. A study published in 2006 by oil giant ConocoPhillips reports that Alaska's permafrost, upon which much of the state's
Thermosiphon
Natural disaster in Switzerland
Zurich, co-founder of the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network PERMOS on permos.ch and the European project Permafrost and Climate in Europe (PACE) Wilfried
2025_Blatten_glacier_collapse
Frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas
Lithalsa is a frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas with mineral-rich soils, where a perennial ice lens has developed within the soil. The
Lithalsa
Research institution in Alaska, USA
observation Arctic atmosphere: feedbacks, radiation, and weather analysis Permafrost/Frozen soil models and observations Arctic biota/vegetation (ecosystem
International Arctic Research Center
International_Arctic_Research_Center
Region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic
or adjacent to warm ocean currents, there is almost always continuous permafrost due to the very cold winters and short summers. This means that building
Subarctic
Polish geologist and explorer (1858–1916)
engineer and explorer of Siberia. He was one of the pioneers in the study of permafrost. After graduating from high school in Warsaw Jaczewski began his studies
Leonard_Jaczewski
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