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terminology, perforation gauge has two meanings: As a term for classification. The "perforation gauge" of a stamp specifies the number of perforation holes that
Perforation_gauge
(Making) a small hole in a thin material
of stamps by collectors, a perforation gauge is used to measure the perforations in each 2 cm. Rotary pinned perforation rollers are precision tools
Perforation
Functional element in motion picture film
Films may have different types of perforations depending on film gauge, film format, and intended usage. Perforations are also used as a standard measuring
Film_perforations
American postage stamp series
instead issued with gauge 10. The perforations of this gauge would soon prove to be a problem also, as the coarser gauge of perforation made it more difficult
Washington–Franklin_Issues
Standard theatrical motion picture film gauge
with four perforations per frame became accepted as the international standard gauge in 1909, and remained by far the dominant film gauge for image origination
35_mm_movie_film
Topics referred to by the same term
leaf feature Perforation (oil well), a hole punched in the casing or liner of an oil well to connect it to the reservoir Perforation gauge, a term used
Perforation_(disambiguation)
Study of stamps and postal history and other related items
the stamps, a strong magnifying glass and a perforation gauge (odontometer) to measure the perforation gauge of the stamp. The identification of watermarks
Philately
Historically popular gauge of film
historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It
16_mm_film
for describing perforation is the number of holes (or the "teeth" or perfs of an individual stamp) in a 2-centimeter span. The finest gauge ever used is
Postage_stamp_separation
Medium used for recording motion pictures
Patents Trust agreed to what would become the standard: 35 mm gauge, with Edison perforations and a 1.33 aspect ratio. Agfa began to produce motion picture
Film_stock
Wide high-resolution film gauge
surviving 70 mm prints pre-date this technology. Each frame is five perforations tall (i.e., 23.8125 mm or 15/16 inches tall), with an image aspect ratio
70_mm_film
Collecting of postage stamps and related objects
damaged by a hinge, stamp hinges Making stamp mounts at home by hand Perforation gauge. Also known as an odontometer. A magnifying glass A stockbook with
Stamp_collecting
Timbrophile and invented the perforation gauge, or odontometer, which has become a basic tool in determining the perforation of stamps. He also fought an
Jacques_Legrand_(philatelist)
paper maker), types of paper (vertically or horizontally laid) and perforation (gauge 12½ or 12) were used. It also exists in a number of shades, ranging
Revenue_stamps_of_Montserrat
Cosmetic perforation of part of the ear
A tragus piercing is the perforation of the tragus, which projects immediately in front of the ear canal, for the purpose of inserting and wearing a piece
Tragus_piercing
Japanese stamp catalog
〔エコーはがき〕) [Stored-value cards (Fumi Cards)] (Japanese: 〔ふみカード〕) [Perforation gauge] (Japanese: ライン 式 目打 ゲ一ジ) (Sakura 1967–Sakura 1988) Notices (Sakura
Sakura_catalog
Labels (not stamps) placed on mail during Christmas
those with minor, often unnoticeable, differences in the design, perforation gauge or color(s) used in the printing process.. The Scott Catalogue is
Christmas_seal
Amateur film format
use of a single, central perforation (sprocket hole) between each pair of frames, as opposed to 8 mm film, which has perforations along one edge, and most
9.5_mm_film
post Paste-up pair Penalty mail Pen cancel Penny post Perfin Perforation Perforation gauge Permit mail Phantom issue Philatelic agency Philatelic cover
Index_of_philatelic_articles
picture film formats, showcasing different frame sizes and perforation (perf) counts across gauges like 8mm, 16mm, 35mm, and 70mm. Film portal List of anamorphic
List of motion picture film formats
List_of_motion_picture_film_formats
Female genital piercing
hood. It is not a straight tunnel, but more of as a curvature in the perforation, leading to the curved barbell.[citation needed] Jewellery consists of
Nefertiti_piercing
Philatelic award
(1820–1912, France), pioneer of philately in France, inventor of the perforation gauge. Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster (1851–1897, United Kingdom)
Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
Roll_of_Distinguished_Philatelists
plate fin/frame heat exchanger PFPG – perforation plug log PFREC – perforation record log PG – pressure gauge (report) PGC – Potential Gas Committee
List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production
List_of_abbreviations_in_oil_and_gas_exploration_and_production
The perforations (gauge 12+1⁄2) on these were often of notably poor quality, and forgeries abound, many of which betray themselves by perforations that
Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Confederate_States
Small motion picture film format
named Single-8, also in 1965, which used the same film, image frame, and perforation dimensions, but with a different film base and incompatible cartridge
Super_8_film
Early widescreen filming system
width of the normal KS perforations so that they were nearly square, but of DH height. This was the CinemaScope, or CS, perforation, known colloquially as
CinemaScope
summarized the comparison of movie cameras. The 35 mm film gauge has long been the most common gauge in professional usage, and thus enjoys the greatest number
Comparison_of_movie_cameras
Film format historically common in amateur filmmaking
has a larger image area because of its smaller and more widely spaced perforations. There are also two other varieties of Super 8 – Single 8 mm and Straight-8 –
8_mm_film
19th-century British postage stamp
occupied by stars. Perforations, in an experimental gauge 16, first came into use in 1850 and were officially adopted in 1854, also in gauge 16. The experimental
Penny_Red
Tubular device placed in a vein to administer medicines
superior method of detection in those too ill to obtain upright imaging. Perforation of vessels other than the intended target is a feared and potentially
Central_venous_catheter
Photography style
"sprocket holes" (perforations) along the edges of the film. While 35 mm film is by far the most popular gauge, other perforated film gauges could theoretically
Sprocket_hole_photography
Device for showing motion picture film
uses a single, central perforation (sprocket hole) between each pair of frames, as opposed to 8 mm film which has perforations along one edge, and most
Movie_projector
35 mm photographic film format
film specifically for still photography, perforated with Kodak Standard perforations. It quickly grew in popularity, surpassing 120 film by the late 1960s
135_film
Removal of organs from the gastrointestinal tract
chronic constipation, and rectal ulcerations predispose to spontaneous perforation in elderly individuals. Cases of transanal evisceration of children whilst
Disembowelment
processes employed a number of different frame sizes and perforations per frame (known as Film gauge). Films made by American Mutoscope and Biograph (US 1895)
List of early wide-gauge films
List_of_early_wide-gauge_films
Single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or bar or rod of metal
strips cut from metal sheet were made into wire by pulling them through perforations in stone beads. This causes the strips to fold round on themselves to
Wire
Type of body piercing
A rook piercing is a perforation of the antihelix of the ear for the purpose of wearing jewelry. It is located just above the tragus on the ridge between
Rook_(piercing)
Type of jewelry and body piercing
with which the ear was pierced.[citation needed] A conch piercing is a perforation of the part of the external human ear called the "concha", the hollow
Earring
Disease of the feet of hooved animals
colloquial term founder, and progression of the disease will lead to perforation of the coffin bone through the sole of the hoof or being unable to stand
Laminitis
Type of stamp issue
short ends had not been perforated, and these were finished with gauge 11 perforations on all sides (Scott #594 and 595). The rarest of the four is #594:
Coil_waste
Movie camera product line
released SL MK2[citation needed], with updated drive system, support of 3 perforations negative pulldown and new electronics. Moviecam Moviecam Compact Moviecam
Moviecam_SL
Rare historical motion picture film gauge
stock rather than the flammable nitrate commonly used in 35 mm. The film gauge was deliberately chosen such that it would be uneconomical to slit 35 mm
28_mm_film
Aspect ratio of a displayed image
the first widescreen film being shot on 63 mm Eastman stock with five perforations per frame. Widescreen was first widely used in the late 1920s in some
Widescreen
Last operation for oil and gas wells
open to the well bore. In this case little expense is generated with perforations. Log interpretation is not critical. The well can be deepened easily
Completion (oil and gas wells)
Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)
Full-size sport utility vehicle
another recall due to the frame prematurely rusting. If there is a 10 mm perforation found on the frame, the vehicle frame will be replaced, if the service
Toyota_Sequoia
Form of body modification
This practice can lead to infections, especially during the process of perforation. It also complicates normal mouth functions such as salivating and eating
Lip_plate
Surgical procedure to drain gallbladder
contents between the skin and the gallbladder (increases the risk of organ perforation) Biliary peritonitis Ascites Percutaneous cholecystostomy is performed
Cholecystostomy
1895 film by Birt Acres
It is notable for the relatively crude perforation of the sprocket holes which differ from the even perforation of Incident at Clovelly Cottage by which
Incident_at_Clovelly_Cottage
Common side effect of lumbar puncture or spinal anaesthesia
needles such as the Sprotte or Whitacre spinal needle leave a smaller perforation and reduce the risk for PDPH. However, the evidence that atraumatic needles
Post-dural-puncture_headache
Device on a bicycle that measures the power output of the rider
This is done by the shaft having a disc at each end with perforations. These perforations are detected using non-contact photo-electric sensors that
Cycling_power_meter
Motor vehicle
Badge Cullinan inspired by the Kármán line, featuring leather seats with perforations arranged in patterns that replicate how the earth looks from space, an
Rolls-Royce_Cullinan
Animorphic lens for movie camera
Angenieux, Elite and Joe Dunton Company. Film gauge: 35mm Direction of travel: Vertical – four perforations – 24 frame/s Aperture Dimensions: 0.864" x 0
Arriscope_(lens)
Single strand wire which is used to run tools into wellbore
life) Spinner surveys (to determine which formation perforations have the best inflow / which perforations make the most water / liquids) Kinley perforator
Slickline
Video of higher resolution than original television
Aperture cameras modified for the Techniscope 2 perforation format. Movies are also produced using other film gauges, including 70 mm films (22 mm × 48 mm) or
High-definition_video
post office sheet. Two types of perforation exist across both issues, both of which are gauge 14. Initially the perforations were created by a line machine
British Empire Exhibition postage stamps
British_Empire_Exhibition_postage_stamps
Standard film gauge
1898. The film used had a single row of perforations running down the left side of the image, with two perforations per image. Historically, this is considered
17.5_mm_film
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
Total confirmed deaths due to COVID‑19 per million people A key metric in gauging the severity of COVID‑19 is the infection fatality rate (IFR), also referred
COVID-19
Compact car range manufactured by Mazda
unlimited mileage warranty, 3-year roadside assistance and 12 year anti perforation warranty as standard. Canadian-spec Mazda3s received standard seat-mounted
Mazda3
Railway tunnel in New South Wales, Australia
short tons) of gunpowder and 9.1 tonnes (10 short tons) of dynamite. Perforation work for the tunnel was provided by ten percussion rock-drills using
Woy_Woy_Tunnel
German WWII heavy tank
prepared by the Waffenamt-Prüfwesen 1 gave the calculated probability of perforation at range, on which various adversaries would be defeated reliably at
Tiger_I
Ball used to play gridiron football
be laced together. One of these lacing panels receives an additional perforation and reinforcements in its center, to hold the inflation valve. Each panel
Ball_(gridiron_football)
19th-20th century US government tax
were issued in sheets perforated with 12 gauge perforations or 'imperforate', i.e.solid sheets with no perforations. Washington remained the only figure on
Revenue stamps of the United States
Revenue_stamps_of_the_United_States
Motion picture film camera which also serves as a projector and printer
Lumière used the same 35 mm gauge and 1.33 aspect ratio film stock format as the kinetoscope, but with a single perforation on each side of each frame
Cinematograph
Special type of camera used to shoot movies
the perforations and moves the film one frame away from the film gate. Registration is achieved via one or more pins that engage the perforations while
Movie_camera
Crew car on the end of trains
roof about two feet square. I stacked the lamp and tool boxes under the perforation end and sat with my head and shoulders above the roof ... (Later) I suggested
Caboose
70) were photographed with spherical optics on 65 mm film with five perforations per frame, yielding an aspect ratio of 2.20:1. Sovscope 70 and DEFA 70
List_of_70_mm_films
Regional anesthetic nerve block in the area located behind the globe of the eye
ocular complications include hematoma formation, optic nerve damage and perforation of the globe with possible blindness. Systemic complications include
Retrobulbar_block
English toy inventor, businessman and politician
components. The key inventive step was the realisation that regular perforations in the structural pieces could be used, not only to join them together
Frank_Hornby
Wood from angiosperm trees
vessels. The vessels may show considerable variation in size, shape of perforation plates (simple, scalariform, reticulate, foraminate), and structure of
Hardwood
65 mm movie camera by Arri
and The Hateful Eight (2015). The Arri 765 is a 65 mm camera with a 5-perforation pull-down mechanism. The mirror reflex shutter is manually adjustable
Arriflex_765
Placement of a tube into the trachea
associated with claims for perforation of the esophagus or pharynx. Early signs of perforation were present in only 51% of perforation claims, whereas late
Tracheal_intubation
Type of pump
feet in depth or more; lined with corrugated metal pipe that contains perforations or drain holes throughout. They may include electronic control systems
Sump_pump
Mid-engined, two-seat Japanese sports car
panels, three-spoke steering wheel, gauge cluster markings Seat changed to single-color velour and perforations added for leather seats 1987 (MY 1988)
Toyota_MR2
Compact bone within the tooth socket
radiopaque line surrounding the tooth root. Its structure contains numerous perforations that house blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, earning it the alternative
Lamina_dura
Technique for equalising pressure in the middle ears
maxillary molar tooth. The maneuver is performed to determine if there is a perforation or antral communication. When rapid ambient pressure increase occurs
Valsalva_maneuver
Body art procedure
is a form of body modification involving the creation of decorative perforations through the skin and other body tissue via scalpel. The technique can
Scalpelling
Medical condition
life-threatening GI tract symptoms such as GI tract obstructions and perforations; is usually localized to the small intestine but may involve other areas
Natural killer cell enteropathy
Natural_killer_cell_enteropathy
Equipment used specifically for surface supplied diving
on the pneumo gauge. There is also often a snubbing valve or orifice between the pneumo line and the gauge to restrict flow into the gauge and ensure that
Surface-supplied diving equipment
Surface-supplied_diving_equipment
Film format
used in IMAX projectors have the same gauge or height as 120 film. With 70 mm cine projector film, the perforations are inset by 2.5 mm to make room for
Medium_format
precision, as the big pin fills the perforation completely. The little pin does not completely fill the perforation in width, only in height; this difference
Registration_pin
American movie camera manufacturer (1919–1979)
Though the Eastern Bloc standard for camera film is Kodak Standard perforations, that standard was rejected by the very Bloc which proposed it. U.S.S
Mitchell_Camera
Weapon and type of modern fencing
smooth; the curvature of the guard is continuous without any aesthetic perforations or rims. The interior of the guard is fully insulated by either paint
Sabre_(fencing)
Motion picture exhibition device
inch wide by 3/4 inch high, and four perforations on each side. Within a few years, this basic format—with the gauge known by its metric equivalent, 35
Kinetoscope
General-purpose programming language
separated by a special character: "master space": V (perforations 7 and 8) for UNIVAC and perforations 12/11/0/7/8/9 (hexadecimal FF) for IBM. These comments
Fortran
Motion-picture camera cartridge, 8 mm type S, model 1 — Camera run length, perforation cut-out and end-of-run notch in film — Specifications ISO 3025:1974 Cinematography
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
British model construction system
screws to connect the pieces. The perforations were at a standard 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) spacing, the axles were 8-gauge, and the nuts and bolts used 5/32"
Meccano
Photographic film type
was later re-slit into two 16mm wide prints without the need for re-perforation). This modification also facilitated the early experiments by Eastman
Color_motion_picture_film
Underwater diving breathing gas supplied from the surface
on the pneumo gauge. There is also often a snubbing valve or orifice between the pneumo line and the gauge to restrict flow into the gauge and ensure that
Surface-supplied_diving
Medical condition
EA (March 1996). "Transthoracic needle biopsy with a coaxially placed 20-gauge automated cutting needle: results in 122 patients". Radiology. 198 (3):
Lung_nodule
Fracturing bedrock by pressurized liquid
pressure at the target depth, determined by the location of the well casing perforations, to exceed that of the fracture gradient (pressure gradient) of the rock
Fracking
Subatomic particle with positive charge
Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) exiting from perforations in the discharge tube. Wilhelm Wien in 1898 showed that these rays had
Proton
Toxic effects of carbon monoxide
pipe blocked by snow has led to the poisoning of car occupants. Any perforation between the exhaust manifold and shroud can result in exhaust gases reaching
Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
Ability of a firearm or other weapon to cause immediate incapacitation
to sustain consciousness. This can be the result of bleeding from a perforation of a large blood vessel or blood-bearing organ, or the result of damage
Stopping_power
Tool used to create holes
version of an auger. Archimedes' screw, present in drills to remove perforation dirt from the hole, was invented in Hellenistic Egypt around 300 BCE
Drill
Motor vehicle
(pelle testa di moro) or red leather (pelle rossa). The seat panels had perforations in the leather. There were three versions of the GT Veloce 1600 Version
Alfa Romeo 105/115 Series Coupés
Alfa_Romeo_105/115_Series_Coupés
over a nine-year period and can be found with three sizes, or gauges, of perforations which are used in the identification of the particular series for
US Regular Issues of 1922–1931
US_Regular_Issues_of_1922–1931
Equalising of pressure in the middle ears
methods, some of which pose a distinct risk of barotrauma including perforation of the eardrum: Yawning which helps to open the eustachian tubes; Swallowing
Ear_clearing
Medications to reversibly block pain
alveolar bone, and the anesthetic reaches the pulpal nerve via natural perforation of intraoral bone tissue. Advantages of ILI over INAB: rapid onset (within
Local_anesthetic
watermark bearing the letters 'U S P S' and were perforated with 12 gauge perforations. The stamps were designed by Clair Aubrey Huston who at the time had
U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13
U.S._Parcel_Post_stamps_of_1912–13
Involuntary contraction of the vocal folds restricting inhalation
Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) Nasal septal hematoma
Laryngospasm
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