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Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens
Penicillin
The discovery of penicillin was one of the most important scientific discoveries in the history of medicine. Ancient societies used moulds to treat infections
Discovery_of_penicillin
Scottish physician and microbiologist (1881–1955)
or Medicine with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases". This was the
Alexander_Fleming
Aspect of medical history
The history of penicillin traces how observations of antibiotic activity in the mould Penicillium led to the development of penicillins, a family of widely
History_of_penicillin
Topics referred to by the same term
Penicillin is a group of antibiotic medicines. Penicillin may also refer to: Penicillin (band), a Japanese visual kei/alternative rock band Penicillin
Penicillin_(disambiguation)
IBA official Cocktail
The Penicillin is an IBA official cocktail made with Scotch whisky, ginger, honey syrup, and fresh lemon juice. The drink was created in 2005 by Australian
Penicillin_(cocktail)
Japanese visual kei rock band
Penicillin (stylized as PENICILLIN) is a Japanese visual kei alternative rock band, formed in Tokyo in 1992. Formed by friends at Tokai University in Tokyo
Penicillin_(band)
Acoustic-thermal artillery-reconnaissance system
Penicillin or 1B75 Penicillin is an acoustic-thermal artillery-reconnaissance system developed by Ruselectronics for the Russian Armed Forces. The system
Penicillin (counter-artillery system)
Penicillin_(counter-artillery_system)
Class of proteins
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent
Penicillin-binding_proteins
Antibiotic medication
Phenoxymethylpenicillin, also known as penicillin V (PcV) and penicillin VK, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Antibiotic medication
Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G (PenG) or BENPEN, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia
Benzylpenicillin
Australian pathologist (1898–1968)
of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases". Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it
Howard_Florey
The side effects of penicillin are bodily responses to penicillin and closely related antibiotics that do not relate directly to its effect on bacteria
Side_effects_of_penicillin
Beta-lactam antibiotic
who have mild or moderate allergies to penicillin. However, it is not recommended in those with severe penicillin allergies. Common side effects include
Cefalexin
Class of chemical compounds
Antistaphylococcal penicillins are a chemical compound. They are a class of Beta lactam antibiotics used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin resistance
Antistaphylococcal penicillins
Antistaphylococcal_penicillins
Sexually transmitted infection
doses of intravenous penicillin G for a minimum of 10 days. If a person is allergic to penicillin, ceftriaxone may be used or penicillin desensitization attempted
Syphilis
Topics referred to by the same term
Benzathine penicillin is an ambiguous nickname for either of the following antibiotics: Benzathine penicillin G (benzathine benzylpenicillin) Benzathine
Benzathine_penicillin
Antibiotic
Benzathine benzylpenicillin, also known as benzathine penicillin G (BPG), is an antibiotic medication useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial
Benzathine_benzylpenicillin
1991 studio album by Tim Dog
Penicillin on Wax is the debut studio album by American New York-based rapper Tim Dog. It was released on November 12, 1991, via Ruffhouse Records. The
Penicillin_on_Wax
Antibiotic medication
Historically, it was thought to be contraindicated in patients with allergies to penicillin, although several recent studies have refuted this and it is proven to
Cefazolin
Antibiotic medication
Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically
Procaine_benzylpenicillin
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a penicillin amidase (EC 3.5.1.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction penicillin + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Penicillin_amidase
Species of fungus
Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923
Penicillium_rubens
Gene for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics
allows them to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics. The bacteria strain most commonly known to
MecA
British police officer, first human treated with penicillin
15 March 1941) was the first patient to be treated with injections of penicillin. Albert Alexander was a constable in the police force of the County of
Albert Alexander (police officer)
Albert_Alexander_(police_officer)
Inflammation of the aorta
Syphilitic aortitis has become rare in the developed world with the advent of penicillin treatments after World War II.[citation needed] The infection often has
Syphilitic_aortitis
Class of broad-spectrum antibiotics
that contain a β-lactam ring in their chemical structure. This includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins and cephamycins (cephems), monobactams
Β-Lactam_antibiotic
Australian physician (1900–1966)
was instrumental in the discovery of penicillin. She was part of the team that ran the first trials on penicillin and first administered the drug in a
Mary_Ethel_Florey
English biologist (1911–2004)
University scientists who developed penicillin. Heatley developed the back-extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. He was born in Woodbridge
Norman_Heatley
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
However, doctors discovered that penicillin could cure S. aureus infections. Unfortunately, by the end of the 1940s, penicillin resistance became widespread
Staphylococcus_aureus
German-born British biochemist (1906–1979)
Medicine with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases".[excessive citations]
Ernst_Chain
Wooly, dust-like fungal structure or substance
rice wine Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of the antibiotic penicillin involved a Penicillium mold then called Penicillium rubrum (although the
Mold
Species of fungus
Molecular phylogeny has established that Alexander Fleming's first discovered penicillin-producing strain is of a distinct species, P. rubens, and not of P. notatum
Penicillium_chrysogenum
Chemical compound
natural penicillin G, which contains an N-phenylacetyl substituent. The semi-synthetic penicillins derived from 6-APA are also referred to as penicillins and
6-APA
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
[citation needed] The antibiotic may be used for patients who are allergic to penicillin due to the different β-lactam antibiotic structure. The drug is able to
Cephalosporin
Soup made from chicken
and other respiratory infections. Chicken soup is also known as "Jewish penicillin". Many Chinese soups are based on chicken broth. Typical Chinese chicken
Chicken_soup
Organic mental disorder caused by late-stage syphilis
development of pyrotherapy (1920s), and the widespread availability and use of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis (1940s), the condition was rendered avoidable
General_paresis_of_the_insane
American microbiologist
development of techniques for the mass production of penicillin. This led to the wide scale use of penicillin in World War II. Moyer was born in Star City, Indiana
Andrew_J._Moyer
English chemist (1910–1994)
most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and mapping
Dorothy_Hodgkin
Beta-lactam antibiotic
an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to treat bacterial infections such as middle
Amoxicillin
Inflammation of the tonsils
throat is present the antibiotic penicillin by mouth is generally recommended. In those who are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporins or macrolides may
Tonsillitis
Infection of the central nervous system in a patient with syphilis
in certain instances. Standard treatment is an infusion of intravenous penicillin G for 10 to 14 days. Patients with neurosyphilis should also be evaluated
Neurosyphilis
American chemist (1915–1992)
March 21, 1992) was an American organic chemist whose work on synthetic penicillin led to tailor-made forms of the drug. After nine years of hard work at
John_C._Sheehan
English consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist (1908–2001)
obstetrician and gynaecologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming in London
Jack_Suchet
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
trasentine to control his diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and weight loss; penicillin and other antibiotics for his urinary-tract infections and an abscess;
John_F._Kennedy
Treatment-resistant bacterium
effective treatment with penicillin became available, but by the 1970s resistant strains predominated. Resistance to penicillin has developed through two
Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea
Antibiotic_resistance_in_gonorrhea
Variety of melon
in 1943 was found to contain the highest yielding strain of mold for penicillin production, after a worldwide search. Raw cantaloupe is 90% water, 8%
Cantaloupe
Antibiotic
Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat several bacterial infections
Ampicillin
Antibiotic derived from Penicillin
be used in those who are allergic to penicillin. It is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is similar in effect to cloxacillin
Flucloxacillin
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those produced naturally (by one microorganism fighting another)
Antibiotic
Medical condition
pneumoniae were susceptible to penicillin, but more recently there has been an increasing prevalence of penicillin resistance especially in areas of
Pneumococcal_infection
Antibiotic
Pen-Strep (also known as penicillin-streptomycin) is a mixture of penicillin G and streptomycin (or dihydrostreptomycin) that is widely used in mammalian
Pen-Strep
British actress
Her father was Norman Heatley, a biochemist who helped pioneer early penicillin research. 1999 - Tweenies 2002 - Fimbles 2004 - The Roly Mo Show 2006
Tamsin_Heatley
British scientist (1904–1994)
Oxford under Howard Florey who worked on the clinical application of penicillin. Jennings read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Lady Margaret Hall
Margaret Jennings (bacteriologist)
Margaret_Jennings_(bacteriologist)
Beta-lactam antibiotic
have previously had a penicillin allergy. Use during pregnancy appears to be relatively safe. Cloxacillin is in the penicillin family of medications.
Cloxacillin
Genus of fungi
spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth
Penicillium
Bacterial enzyme
intermediate. Because of the interaction between penicillin and transpeptidase, this enzyme is also known as penicillin-binding protein (PBP). DD-Transpeptidase
DD-Transpeptidase
Presence of syphilis in a baby due to its mother being infected
congenital syphilis is with penicillin by injection; benzylpenicillin into vein, or procaine benzylpenicillin into muscle. If penicillin is unavailable, ceftriaxone
Congenital_syphilis
American biochemist
American biochemist who had a central role in moving antibiotics such as penicillin from the laboratory table into industrial production in World War II.
Jasper_H._Kane
Reduced antibiotic effect at higher concentrations
the receptor with which it binds (penicillin binding proteins, for example, in the case of a penicillin). Penicillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that
Eagle_effect
Unplanned, fortunate discovery
Many significant discoveries in history were serendipitous, including penicillin, Post-it notes, Popsicles, and the microwave oven, arising from unforeseen
Serendipity
Wife of Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1944)
Devdas ordered penicillin, but her doctors did not want to use it because the final failure of her kidneys could not be relieved by penicillin. The doctors
Kasturba_Gandhi
Group of antibiotics that have the widest antibacterial spectrum of all penicillins
The extended-spectrum penicillins are a group of antibiotics that have the widest antibacterial spectrum of all penicillins. Some sources identify them
Extended-spectrum_penicillin
Chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism, found in nature
products. The first antibiotic to be discovered, penicillin, was isolated from the mold Penicillium. Penicillin and related beta lactams work by inhibiting
Natural_product
American chemist and penicillin manufacturer (1903–1973)
spawn cultivator from Pennsylvania who pioneered the mass production of penicillin, the world’s first antibiotic. His methods helped save the lives of tens
G._Raymond_Rettew
Antibiotic medication
narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. Methicillin was discovered in 1960. Compared to other penicillins that face antimicrobial resistance
Methicillin
Class of enzymes
originally named Penicillin A, but was renamed to avoid confusion with penicillin. Notatin was shown to be identical to Penicillin B and glucose oxidase
Glucose_oxidase
Ceftazidime/avibactam Cefiderocol(siderophore cephalosporin) Certain penicillins: Piperacillin and Piperacillin/tazobactam Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
List_of_antibiotics
British actress (1929–1993)
cigarettes, which she was able to sell on the black market and thus buy the penicillin which saved Hepburn's life. The Van Heemstra family's financial situation
Audrey_Hepburn
African American nurse and laboratory technician
Army Medical Corp penicillin project at the University of Minnesota. Johnson said she received no credit for her work on penicillin. Johnson co-founded
Mattiedna_Johnson
Chemical compound
may also be used as an alternative antibiotic for those with a severe penicillin allergy. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea
Cefdinir
British medical researcher (1884–1977)
physician and scientist known for his contributions to the development of penicillin and his role as the Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of
A._D._Gardner
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
exponentially, with major innovations in the 20th century including: electricity, penicillin, semiconductors, internal combustion engines, the Internet, nitrogen fixing
Human
English author and journalist (1903–1950)
effect had been noticed, has been called "ill-advised". He then received penicillin, presumably to treat his bronchiectasis; doctors knew it was ineffective
George_Orwell
infection). The most common antibiotic prescribed by dental practitioners is penicillin in the form of amoxicillin, however many patients are hypersensitive to
Antibiotic_use_in_dentistry
International Bartenders Association cocktails
Made with equal parts bourbon, Aperol, amaro liqueur, and lemon juice. Penicillin Made with whisky, ginger, honey syrup, and fresh lemon juice. Pisco punch
List of IBA official cocktails
List_of_IBA_official_cocktails
German pharmaceutical company
been continuously family-owned. The company was the first to introduce penicillin into the German market in the postwar period, after the Allied Control
Grünenthal
benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) Benzathine penicillin G Benzathine penicillin V Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) Procaine penicillin Pheneticillin Cloxacillin
List_of_β-lactam_antibiotics
Species of bacterium
consists of antibiotics; however, H. influenzae is often resistant to the penicillin family, but amoxicillin/clavulanic acid can be used in mild cases. Serotype
Haemophilus_influenzae
Chinese pharmaceutical company
penicillin and cephalosporin Beta-lactam antibiotic products include 16 varieties of API and intermediates. The penicillin series includes penicillin
CSPC_Zhongrun
Class of enzymes
bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem)
Beta-lactamase
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
the S. aureus chromosome. mecA encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which differs from other penicillin-binding proteins as its active site does
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Infectious disease
antibiotics. The antibiotic of choice is Penicillin V which is taken by mouth. In countries without a liquid Penicillin V product, children unable to take tablets
Scarlet_fever
Systematic naming of drugs
products policy and standards". who.int. 2024-06-06. Retrieved 2014-06-06. "Penicillin". Drugs.com. 2010-12-15. Archived from the original on 2023-08-22. Retrieved
Drug_nomenclature
Pathogen resistance to medications
inactivation or modification: e.g., enzymatic deactivation of Penicillin G in some penicillin-resistant bacteria through the production of β-lactamases.
Drug_resistance
Medical condition
penicillin. These late-generation antibiotics show a similar effect when prescribed for 3–7 days in comparison to the standard ten days of penicillin
Streptococcal_pharyngitis
1932–1972 human experiment in Alabama, United States
treatments to reduce the severity of the disease since the 1920s, the use of penicillin for the treatment of syphilis was widespread as of 1945. The men were
Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study
Chemical compound
carbapenem antibiotics, originally inspired by the structure of penicillin. In penicillin, the five-membered ring contains sulfur, whereas carbapenams have
Carbapenam
Autoimmune disease resulting in uncontrollable jerking motions
on the following principles: Eliminate the streptococcus – a course of penicillin is usually given at diagnosis to definitively clear any remaining streptococci
Sydenham's_chorea
American gangster and businessman (1899–1947)
his mansion in Palm Island, Florida. In 1942, after mass production of penicillin was started in the United States, Capone was one of the first American
Al_Capone
Class of highly effective antibiotic agents
to penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems are members of the beta-lactam antibiotics drug class, which kill bacteria by binding to penicillin-binding
Carbapenem
Antibiotic derived from Penicillin
is a narrow-spectrum second-generation beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class developed by Beecham. It was patented in 1960 and approved for medical
Oxacillin
Medical condition
typically with antibiotics, including azithromycin by mouth or benzathine penicillin by injection. Without treatment, physical deformities occur in 10% of
Yaws
Family of chemical compounds
antibiotics. Up to 1970, most β-lactam research was concerned with the penicillin and cephalosporin groups, but since then, a wide variety of structures
Β-Lactam
English pathologist and a bacteriologist (1897–1944)
part of the small team of scientists who first isolated and purified penicillin for the treatment of bacterial infection. Orr-Ewing, the daughter of John
Jean_Orr-Ewing
Use of knowledge for practical goals
Many discoveries also arose from pure chance, like the discovery of penicillin as a result of accidental lab contamination. Since the 1960s, the assumption
Technology
Chemical compound
Penicillin Roquefort toxin (PR toxin) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Penicillium roqueforti. In 1973, PR toxin was first partially characterized
PR_toxin
Medical treatment using approved pharmaceutical products
accident, and trial and error. One famous example is the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic in the world. The substance was discovered by Alexander
Pharmacotherapy
Basic distinction in philosophy
experimentation and intersubjective dialogue. For example, the discovery of penicillin began with an initial (subjective) observation of its antibacterial effects
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
United States government public health agency
would also prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of penicillin. In May 1994 the CDC admitted having sent samples of communicable diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention
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