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Laboratory technique in electrophysiology
The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology used to study ionic currents in individual isolated living cells, tissue sections
Patch_clamp
Electrical properties of biological cells
involves impaling a cell with a fine electrode; patch-clamp recording takes a different approach. A patch-clamp microelectrode is a micropipette with a relatively
Electrophysiology
Method of measuring biological cell currents
fluid while clamping, which is possible using patch clamp techniques. Another disadvantage involves "space clamp" issues. Cole's voltage clamp used a long
Voltage_clamp
Lipid membrane with a charge differential
measurement of current flow across a very small patch of membrane. Voltage clamp is a variation of patch clamp recording in which the membrane is held at a
Polarized_membrane
Laboratory technique
Patch-sequencing (patch-seq) is a modification of patch-clamp technique that combines electrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphological characterization
Patch-sequencing
Automated patch clamping is beginning to replace manual patch clamping as a method to measure the electrical activity of individual cells. Different techniques
Automated_patch_clamp
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up clamp or clamps in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Clamp may refer to: Brick clamp, an early method of baking bricks Clamp (tool), a device or
Clamp
Neuron communication by electric impulses
patch clamp by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann. For this discovery, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991. Patch-clamping verified
Action_potential
Action potential generated in the dendrite of a neuron
tool for studying dendritic spikes due to its high level of precision. Patch clamp recording is used to measure electrical activity in neurons. The technique
Dendritic_spike
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
Cell-attached voltage-clamp and current-clamp recording and stimulation techniques in brain slices. Modern electrophysiology frequently uses patch-clamp approaches
Membrane_potential
Microbe with cell wall mostly removed
study the function of bacterial ion channels through a technique called patch clamp, which was originally designed for characterizing the behavior of neurons
Spheroplast
German biophysicist and Nobel laureate
for liquid junction potentials in patch clamp experiments". Correction for liquid junction potentials in patch clamp experiments. Methods in Enzymology
Erwin_Neher
connecting the motor to a feedback system. The inchworm motor can be used in patch clamping of biological cells. This technique is most often performed with an
Inchworm_motor
proportional to magnitude of the disturbance in the electric field. Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology was developed by Neher and Sakmann in 1976. This technique
Single-entity electrochemistry
Single-entity_electrochemistry
Change in a cell membrane potential causing it to become more negative
membrane potential. Neuroscientists measure it using a technique known as patch clamping that allows them to record ion currents passing through individual channels
Hyperpolarization_(biology)
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
IC50
Transmembrane protein that moves ions across a biological membrane
transport chain is regulated by the presence of H+ ions (pH) in solution. A patch clamp is an electrophysiology technique used to study channels and transporters
Ion_transporter
Pore-forming membrane protein
electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR
Ion_channel
Type of inhibitory neuron in the human cerebral cortex
this cell with the help of single-nucleus RNA sequencing combined with patch-clamp electrophysiology. The team analyzed microdissected layer 1 tissue from
Rosehip_neuron
Main anion present in sea water
Retrieved 2022-03-03. Molleman, Areles (2003). "Patch Clamping: An Introductory Guide to Patch Clamp Electrophysiology". Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-48685-5
Chloride
molecules have been developed. The first single-molecule experiments were patch clamp experiments performed in the 1970s, but these were limited to studying
Single-molecule_experiment
Measure of organism response to stimulus
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Dose–response_relationship
Integral of drug concentration in blood plasma over time
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)
Area_under_the_curve_(pharmacokinetics)
Device in neurophysiology
single cells due to their low spatial resolution compared to patch clamp and dynamic clamp systems. The complexity of signals an MEA electrode could effectively
Microelectrode_array
Swedish medical scientist
PhD under the supervision of Nobel laureate Bert Sakmann in 1986 for patch clamp studies of pancreatic cells and their secretion of glucagon and insulin
Patrik_Rorsman
Erwin Neher (born 1944), together with Bert Sakmann (1942–), Germany – Patch clamp technique Ted Nelson (born 1937), U.S. – Hypertext, Hypermedia Sergey
List_of_inventors
Theoretical drug measure in pharmacology
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Volume_of_distribution
German Nobel laureate
function of single ion channels in cells," and the invention of the patch clamp. Bert Sakmann was Professor at Heidelberg University and is an Emeritus
Bert_Sakmann
Propagation of action potentials along the myelinated axons of neurons
electric signals Neurotransmission – Impulse transmission between neurons Patch clamp – Laboratory technique in electrophysiology Quantitative models of the
Saltatory_conduction
essential to creation of the glass pipettes used for the patch clamp technique of voltage clamping. Various machines and torches/gas burners are used in
Flame_polishing
Branch of neuroscience
neurons. Several techniques such as intracellular recording, patch-clamp, and voltage-clamp technique, pharmacology, confocal imaging, molecular biology
Cellular_neuroscience
Biological process that adjusts the strength of connections between neurons in the brain
the mid-1990s. Henry Markram, working in Bert Sakmann's lab, used dual patch-clamp recordings to show that the order of spike firing between two connected
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Spike-timing-dependent_plasticity
American chemist (born 1959)
68. Kruskal, P. B; Jiang, Z; Gao, T; Lieber, C. M (2015). "Beyond the patch clamp: Nanotechnologies for intracellular recording". Neuron. 86 (1): 21–4
Charles_M._Lieber
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ethanol
ethanol. Voltage clamp recordings have been done on the aplysia neuron. VGCCs were isolated and calcium current was recorded using patch clamp technique having
Pharmacology_of_ethanol
Semiconductor manufacturing process
simultaneously from both sides of the die was produced by Yale e-Lab) patch-clamp amplifiers energy harvesting devices three-dimensional (3D) integration
Silicon_on_sapphire
Australian neuroscientist, engineer, entrepreneur and philanthropist
the board of directors. During this period he invented the Population Patch Clamp which aided rapid drug discovery at pharmaceutical companies. Cosmos
Alan_Finkel
Biological membrane structure
Biacore Inc. Retrieved Feb 12, 2009. Nanion Technologies. Automated Patch Clamp Archived 31 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved Feb 28, 2010
Lipid_bilayer
Drugs that disrupt movement of calcium across calcium channels
ethanol. Voltage clamp recordings have been done on the aplysia neuron. VGCCs were isolated and calcium current was recorded using patch clamp technique having
Calcium_channel_blocker
Smell sense organ above the roof of the mouth
sensitive and fire action potentials at currents as low as 1 pA. Many patch-clamp recordings have confirmed the sensitivity of the vomeronasal neurons
Vomeronasal_organ
In neurophysiology, a reduction of neuronal synapse efficacy
postsynaptic spikes precede presynaptic spikes by up to 20-50 ms. Whole-cell patch clamp experiments "in vivo" indicate that post-leading-pre spike delays elicit
Long-term_depression
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a membrane
more easily investigated with patch clamp techniques, vesicles can also be isolated from objects for which a patch clamp is not applicable. Artificial
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry)
Detectable change in the internal or external surroundings
potential across the membrane can be obtained by microelectrode recording. Patch clamp techniques allow for the manipulation of the intracellular or extracellular
Stimulus_(physiology)
Skeletal muscle relaxant
uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist: binding and patch clamp studies". Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section. 102 (3): 237–46
Orphenadrine
Examines sequence information from individual cells
following electrophysiological recording using patch-clamp has also allowed development of the Patch-Seq method, which is steadily gaining ground in
Single-cell_sequencing
Biochemical analysis procedure
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Ligand_binding_assay
American physician and academic (1950–2025)
1049–1050, doi:10.1126/science.246.4933.1049.b Gardner, Phyllis (1990), "Patch Clamp Studies of Lymphocyte Activation", Annual Review of Immunology, 8: 231–52
Phyllis Gardner (clinical pharmacologist)
Phyllis_Gardner_(clinical_pharmacologist)
currents to be measured in multicellular tissues. Although voltage clamp and patch clamp methods are also effective in studying the functions of neurons
Sucrose_gap
Comparison of a wide range of electric currents
[calcium (1 pA), sodium (10-14 pA), potassium (6 pA)] as measured by patch-clamp studies of biological membranes 10−5 10 μA Minimum current necessary
Orders_of_magnitude_(current)
Device for sending small electrical pulses into the body
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their development of the patch-clamp technique that allows the detection of minute electrical currents through
Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator
Microcurrent_electrical_neuromuscular_stimulator
Individual who studies neuroscience
(EGF). Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann (1991) for the development of the patch-clamp recording technique, allowing, for the first time, the observation of
Neuroscientist
Cell that guides radial neuronal migration
zone were found to have electrophysiological fingerprints. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies (the laboratory technique in electrophysiology allowing the study
Cajal–Retzius_cell
Antifungal medication
Nystatin is also used as a tool by scientists performing "perforated" patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings of cells. When loaded in the recording
Nystatin
Regions of the pancreas
glucagon Electrical activity of pancreatic islets has been studied using patch clamp techniques. It has turned out that the behavior of cells in intact islets
Pancreatic_islets
expression. It can be performed by a variety of techniques, including patch clamp electrophysiology, PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Channelomics is being
Channelome
Paired cells that control the stomatal aperture
depending on the concentrations of calcium. In a study by Meyer et al., patch-clamp experiments were conducted on mesophyll vacuoles from arabidopsis rdr6-11
Guard_cell
Study of the nervous system with physics
understanding of the nervous system, such as Neher and Sakmann in 1991 for the patch clamp, and also to Lauterbur and Mansfield for their work on Magnetic resonance
Neurophysics
Chemical compound
research, Potassium aspartate is a component of pipette solutions for patch-clamp studies, maintaining intracellular potassium concentrations. For example
Potassium_aspartate
Laboratory method involving brain slices
A.; Sakmann, B.; Takahashi, T. (1989). "A thin slice preparation for patch clamp recordings from neurones of the mammalian central nervous system". Pflügers
Slice_preparation
British pharmacologist (born 1936)
of synaptic events. The invention and successful application of the patch clamp technique by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann allowed the individual openings
David_Colquhoun
Use of magnesium by organisms
Third, the technique of patch-clamp uses isolated sections of natural or artificial membrane in much the same manner as voltage-clamp but without the secondary
Magnesium_in_biology
dexamethasone differentiates them into chromaffin-like cells. Using patch clamp recording and amperometry, there was a significant increase in quantal
PC12_cell_line
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
currents are responsive to both poke and stretch stimuli as measured by patch clamp electrophysiology. PIEZO2 channels inactivate faster than PIEZO1 channels
PIEZO2
Cerebellar neural cell
2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-07-27. Southan, A. P.; Robertson, B (1998). "Patch-clamp recordings from cerebellar basket cell bodies and their presynaptic terminals
Basket_cell
Science of elucidating, diagnosing, and treating the electrical activities of the heart
electrophysiologists overlap with the toolbox of the neuroscientist including patch clamp and optical mapping. Mapping specialists (EP techs, EP physiologists)
Cardiac_electrophysiology
Critical potential value
with an increased risk of temporal lobe epilepsy in adulthood. With patch clamp recording, an analogous state was replicated in vitro in rat cortical
Threshold_potential
onto small to medium scale integrated circuits and hybrid devices, and patch clamp experiments in biological research. Hamed M. El-Badry (6 December 2012)
Micromanipulator
Class of transport proteins
mammalian cell, and acts as a mechanosensor for vacuolar osmotic pressure. Patch clamp techniques and hyperosmotic stimulation have illustrated that TRPY plays
Transient receptor potential channel
Transient_receptor_potential_channel
neurological dysfunction. Techniques used in animal models, such as patch-clamp recordings, have been used to investigate how neurons respond to pharmacological
Translational_neuroscience
Electroanalytic technique
study vesicle release events using a carbon fiber electrode. Unlike patch clamp techniques, the electrode used for amperometry is not inserted into or
Amperometry
Field of research in the convergence of biology and electronics
Multielectrode array Nernst–Planck equation Neurophysics Neutron spin echo Patch clamp Quantitative models of the action potential Saltatory conduction Nicolini
Bioelectronics
Substrates performing biochemical reactions
Magnetic immunoassay Microphysiometry Nanosensors Organ-on-a-chip Planar Patch Clamp Protein array Sequencing Single nucleotide polymorphism Tissue microarray
Biochip
Type of membrane proteins
hearing in vertebrates. Bacterial MS channels were first discovered by patch-clamp experiments in E. coli. They have been classified based on their conductance
Mechanosensitive_channels
Mitochondrion without outer membrane
function even after their outer membrane has been removed. Specifically, patch-clamp electrophysiology has emerged as a novel method for studying functionality
Mitoplast
Liquid-transferring laboratory tool
microscopic samples, such as in the procedures of microinjection and patch clamping. Most micropipettes are made of borosilicate, aluminosilicate or quartz
Pipette
Controlling biological cells with light
scattering. Due to scattering, a narrow light beam to stimulate neurons in a patch of neural tissue can evoke a response profile that is much broader than
Optogenetics
Electric current produced in living cells
Y; Inayat, S; Dikin, D A; Singer, J H; Ruoff, R S; Troy, J B (2009). "Patch clamp technique: Review of the current state of the art and potential contributions
Developmental_bioelectricity
Mathematical model of a dendrite
Hodgkin–Huxley model Membrane potential Monodomain model Nernst–Planck equation Patch clamp Saltatory conduction Soliton model in neuroscience Douglas, PK; Douglas
Cable_theory
Drug discovery by phenotypic screening
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Classical_pharmacology
Program at the California Institute of Technology
and the network levels using a variety of techniques (in particular, patch clamp recordings, intracellular and extra-cellular single and multi-unit electrophysiology
Computation and Neural Systems
Computation_and_Neural_Systems
Biochemical analysis procedure
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Structural Dynamics Response Assay
Structural_Dynamics_Response_Assay
experiments can be performed on these single isolated cells including patch clamp electrophysiology, calcium fluorescence imaging, and immunocytochemistry
Cell_isolation
American neurobiologist (1954–2017)
such as immunopanning, immunohistochemistry, tissue culturing, and patch clamping to: 1) understand the cell-to-cell interactions in the developmental
Ben_Barres
Random electric fluctuations in neurons
contributed much to discovering many of the new sources of ion channel noise. Patch clamp technique was crucial to determine shot noise because the use of intercellular
Neuronal_noise
Device integrating laboratory functions on a integrated circuit
cancers based on antigen-antibody reactions. Ion channel screening (patch clamp) Microfluidics Microphysiometry Organ-on-a-chip Real-time PCR: detection
Lab-on-a-chip
Interdisciplinary science
biology – Gene regulation, single protein dynamics, bioenergetics, patch clamping, biomechanics, virophysics. Structural biology – Ångstrom-resolution
Biophysics
Discipline in biomedical engineering
electrode-based methods include sharp micro-electrode recording, the patch clamp technique, and some variations of these methods at the nano scale. Optical
Neural_engineering
Neurobiological terminology
Niels; Blick, Robert H.; Behrends, Jan C. (June 2002). "Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording Performed on a Planar Glass Chip". Biophysical Journal. 82
Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations
Subthreshold_membrane_potential_oscillations
Academic journal
Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann published the first description of the patch clamp technique in Pflügers Archiv. Pflügers Archiv's 2009 impact factor is
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
Pflügers_Archiv:_European_Journal_of_Physiology
Specialized plant cells
proton-coupled symporters for sucrose, amino acids and other nutrients. Patch clamp and gene expression studies show that both the pumps and several Ca2+-ATPases
Transfer_cell
Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
the binding site of NR1/NR2B subunit is much greater for memantine. In patch-clamp measurements memantine has an IC50 of (2.3+0.3) μM while amantadine has
NMDA_receptor
British plant biologist (born 1953)
demonstrated how cell marking can be used to distinguish cell types for patch clamp studies. Sanders also had influence in the investigation into the roles
Dale_Sanders
X-rays cause mutations Erwin Neher (German, 1944–) — development of the patch clamp and single-channel recording (along with Bert Sakmann) Eva Nogales (Spanish
List_of_biophysicists
Drug discovery by identifying protein targets
model Cheng-Prussoff Equation Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50
Reverse_pharmacology
Electrophysiology metric
limbs. Bursting Calcium channels Epithelial sodium channel Ion channels Patch clamp Potassium channels Resting ion channels Single-unit recording Irnich
Chronaxie
English physiologist and biophysicist
later. Confirmation of ion channels came with the development of the patch clamp leading to a Nobel prize in 1991 for Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, and
Alan_Hodgkin
South African-born Israeli neuroscientist
of the neocortical column, develops tools to carry out multi-neuron patch clamp recordings combined with laser and electrical stimulation as well as
Henry_Markram
Scientist trained in biology and medicine
transduction Transgenic model organisms Electrophysiology techniques Patch clamp EEG, EKG, ERG In silico techniques Bioinformatics Computational biology
Biomedical_scientist
British physicist
Cell video. His work has combined biophysical methods – including the patch clamp technique usually applied to membrane proteins – with confocal microscopy
Jonathan_Ashmore
Israeli science and technology award
mathematics. Bert Sakmann Germany Breakthrough achievements in developing the patch clamp technique which revolutionized modern electrophysiology by enabling studies
Harvey_Prize
Spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls
ultimately resulting in synchronization of individual calcium levels. When patch clamp recordings are conducted, depolarization occurs in the endothelial layer
Vasomotion
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
Biblical
watch-mountain
Girl/Female
Arabic, Biblical
Watch-mountain
Biblical
watch;
Boy/Male
Arabic, Modern
Road; The Way
Biblical
watch-tower
Biblical
watch-tower
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English
Way
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : variant of Bach 3 and 4.
Boy/Male
British, English
Path
Boy/Male
Muslim
Correct path, Straight path
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Hampshire and Berkshire)
English (mainly Hampshire and Berkshire) : topographic name from Middle English hacche ‘gate’, Old English hæcc (see Hatcher). In some cases the surname is habitational, from one of the many places named with this word. This name has been in Ireland since the 17th century, associated with County Meath and the nearby part of Louth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Peach.Americanized spelling of German Petsch.
Boy/Male
British, English, French
Path
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Correct path Straight path
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Correct Path; Straight Path
Biblical
pitch; pitchy
Girl/Female
Indian, Malayalam
Match
Girl/Female
Biblical
Pitch, pitchy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Leach 2.English : topographic name from an Old English element læcc, lecc ‘boggy stream’, or a habitational name from a place named with this word, such as Lach Dennis or Lache in Cheshire.
Boy/Male
British, English
Path
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
Male
Egyptian
, the Living Bull.
Girl/Female
British, English, Scandinavian, Swedish
Pure; Abbreviation of Katherine
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Leaves of a Tree that Adds Colour and Beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu
Conquered
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Hebrew, Indian
God Remembers; Variant of Zachariah and Zachary; Lord has Remembered; Child of God
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vibhishana | விபீஷண
(Ravana's brother who leaves Lanka to join Rama and later become king of Lanka)
Boy/Male
Hindu
Vishnu, Husband of Goddess Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indonesian, Malaysian
Truth in the Heavens
Boy/Male
Tamil
Expected
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lovable
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
PATCH CLAMP
v. t.
To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.
n.
To catch so as to hold.
v. t.
To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a truce.
v. i.
To watch for and catch mice.
v. t.
To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to catch a thief.
n.
To cover over or smear with pitch.
n.
To catch or fasten by means of a latch.
v. t.
To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.
v. t.
To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy.
v. t.
To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.
v. t.
To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.
n.
Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.
v. i.
To take hold; as, the bolt does not catch.
n.
The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular pitch.
v. t.
To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.
v. t.
To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat.
n.
A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.
v. t.
To close with a hatch or hatches.
a.
Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.
v. t.
To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.