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Recovering passwords stored by computer systems
In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords protecting a computer system. A common approach (brute-force
Password_cracking
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
file no cracking is necessary, while if he fails to get the key cracking is not possible. Thus, of the common storage formats for passwords only when
Password
Unix password-cracking program
Crack is a Unix password cracking program designed to allow system administrators to locate users who may have weak passwords vulnerable to a dictionary
Crack_(password_software)
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
functions, the opposite is true in password security applications in which defending against brute-force cracking is a primary concern. The growing use
Key_derivation_function
Technique for defeating password protection using lists of likely possibilities
are easily covered by modern cracking software pattern generation. A safer approach. is to randomly generate a long password (15 letters or more) or a multiword
Dictionary_attack
passwords leaked in data breaches as of 2019. The most common passwords of 2026, according to Huntress. Password cracking Password strength Password Password
List of the most common passwords
List_of_the_most_common_passwords
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password cracking, and key stretching is
Key_stretching
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up cracking in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cracking may refer to: Cracking, the formation of a fracture or partial fracture in a solid material
Cracking
Password cracking software tool
John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms
John_the_Ripper
Password-based key derivation function
function used for password hashing on Fedora Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, and Arch Linux. The function is more resistant to offline password-cracking attacks than
Yescrypt
Resistance of a password to being guessed
directly recover the password. However, knowledge of the hash value lets the attacker quickly test guesses offline. Password cracking programs are widely
Password_strength
Windows password cracker
L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery application originally produced by Mudge from L0pht Heavy Industries. It is used to test password strength
L0phtCrack
Password recovery software
was a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It could recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various
Cain_and_Abel_(software)
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
attempt from cracking multiple passwords, given that salt re-use is avoided. Salts also combat the use of precomputed tables for cracking passwords. Such a
Salt_(cryptography)
Open-source password recovery tool
Developments in Password Cracking". Passwords. Bruce Schneier. 19 September 2012. "Hashcat [hashcat wiki]". "PRINCE: modern password guessing algorithm"
Hashcat
Password cracking dataset
for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls
Rainbow_table
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
is negligible. When cracking passwords, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as
Brute-force_attack
Topics referred to by the same term
protection Password cracking, the process of recovering passwords from data stored in or transmitted by a computer system Security hacker, cracking a system
Crack
Modification of software, often to use it for free
a specific crack. A crack can mean any tool that enables breaking software protection, a stolen product key, or guessed password. Cracking software generally
Software_cracking
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
3-D". eWeek. April 26, 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2007. "PlayStation speeds password probe". BBC News. November 30, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2011. "CELL:
Cell_(processor)
Microsoft network operating system
tables, and brute force attacks unless long, unpredictable passwords are used, see password cracking. NTLM is used for logon with local accounts except on
LAN_Manager
Sequence of words used to gain access
seconds using crackstation.net, indicating that the phrase is found in password cracking databases.) Using this guideline, to achieve the 80-bit strength recommended
Passphrase
Policy covering use of computer passwords
A password policy is a set of rules designed to enhance computer security by encouraging users to employ strong passwords and use them properly. A password
Password_policy
Software suite
they wrote that because some implementations of WEP derive the key from a password, dictionary attacks are easier than pure brute force. In May 2001, William
Aircrack-ng
Topics referred to by the same term
passes Fail Mary, in a 2012 Packers–Seahawks game Hail Mary Cloud, a password-cracking botnet Hail Mary of Gold, in Catholicism Project Hail Mary (film)
Hail_Mary_(disambiguation)
Security risk and prevention for mobile devices
possibility of cracking a device's password through a smudge attack (literally imaging the finger smudges on the screen to discern the user's password). The researchers
Mobile_security
Key derivation function
key in subsequent operations. The added computational work makes password cracking much more difficult, and is known as key stretching. While the recommended
PBKDF2
Spreadsheet editor by Microsoft
g. Password-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-force attack passwords at a
Microsoft_Excel
Problem easily dividable into parallel tasks
tracing method) can be handled with no interdependency. Some forms of password cracking are another embarrassingly parallel task that is easily distributed
Embarrassingly_parallel
Discontinued Windows NT component
Windows NT 4.0 SP3, Syskey was intended to protect against offline password cracking attacks by preventing the possessor of an unauthorized copy of the
Syskey
Russian software company
has been working on computer security programs, with the main focus on password and system recovery software. On July 16, 2001, Dmitry Sklyarov, a Russian
ElcomSoft
Debian-based Linux distribution for penetration testing
web application security testing, John the Ripper and Hashcat for password cracking, Aircrack-ng for wireless network auditing, and Nessus (trial version)
Kali_Linux
Windows password cracker
Commons Cracking Windows XP Passwords at Wikibooks Official website Ophcrack Online Demo - form to submit hashes and instantly crack passwords Ophcrack
Ophcrack
Password cracking software
attacks and dictionary attacks, in order to guess the right username and password combination. Hydra is commonly used by penetration testers together with
Hydra_(software)
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
the problem of the password being low-entropy, and therefore vulnerable to cracking via brute force. This technique is called password hardening. It fills
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Open competition to select password hash functions
crypt (C) Password hashing List of computer science awards CAESAR Competition "Password Hashing Competition" Danielle Walker. "Black Hat: Crackable algorithms
Password_Hashing_Competition
American computer security expert
of commercial systems. He was the original author of the password cracking software L0phtCrack. In 2010, Mudge accepted a position as a program manager
Peiter_Zatko
Type of denial-of-service attack
access point. In order to mount a brute-force or dictionary based WPA password cracking attack on a Wi‑Fi user with WPA or WPA2 enabled, a hacker must first
Wi-Fi_deauthentication_attack
Botnet
The Hail Mary Cloud was, or is, a password guessing botnet, which used a statistical equivalent to brute force password guessing. The botnet ran from possibly
Hail_Mary_Cloud
Computer scientist
these appearances, Pound has discussed aspects of his work including password cracking, brute forcing, kernel convolution and image analysis. "Michael Pound"
Michael_Pound
Windows database that stores users' passwords
breaks NTLM cracking speed mark of 100GH/s on a single compute device". @hashcat. Retrieved 2019-02-26. An example of offline NT password attack utility:
Security_Account_Manager
Suite of Microsoft security protocols
on the hashcat forums. Note that the password-equivalent hashes used in pass-the-hash attacks and password cracking must first be "stolen" (such as by compromising
NTLM
British-American hacking group
authentication technologies by obtaining login credentials and one-time passwords. The group claims that it targeted MGM due to them catching the group
Scattered_Spider
Packet sniffer
dSniff is a set of password sniffing and network traffic analysis tools written by security researcher and startup founder Dug Song to parse different
DSniff
Cybersecurity company
environments, emulating techniques such as remote code execution, password cracking, and data exfiltration; it operates without endpoint agents, allowing
Pentera
Security protocol for wireless computer networks
WPA-Personal and WPA2-Personal remain vulnerable to password cracking attacks if users rely on a weak password or passphrase. WPA passphrase hashes are seeded
Wi-Fi_Protected_Access
MacOS password cracker
Password cracking Key stretching Aircrack-ng Cain and Abel Crack Hashcat John the Ripper Dunstan, Patrick (2011-09-18). "Cracking OS X Lion Passwords"
DaveGrohl
Cyber-security challenge and mind sport in hacking
pentesting, semantic URL attacks, knowledge-based authentication, password cracking, reverse engineering of software (often JavaScript, C and assembly
Wargame_(hacking)
RainbowCrack is a computer program which generates rainbow tables to be used in password cracking. RainbowCrack differs from "conventional" brute force
RainbowCrack
American double agent and spy (1944–2023)
digital investigation found that an attempted hack had occurred using a password cracking program installed by Hanssen, which triggered a security alert and
Robert_Hanssen
Tool to change passwords on Unix-like OSes
a user's password. The password entered by the user is run through a key derivation function to create a hashed version of the new password, which is
Passwd
2003 computer malware
coordinate distributed computing tasks to process intensive tasks (e.g., password cracking). Since 2010, certain variants of Sality have also incorporated rootkit
Sality
Password created with common replacement strategies
leet speak. There is a perception that munged passwords are more secure, but modern password cracking tools include rules to account for character substitutions
Munged_password
Password bypass software
software utility that allows users to bypass Microsoft Windows passwords and Apple macOS passwords (Linux support has been deprecated) without lasting or persistent
Kon-Boot
Set of stealthy and continuous computer hacking processes
access to its infrastructure. Escalate privileges – use exploits and password cracking to acquire administrator privileges over victim's computer and possibly
Advanced_persistent_threat
Russian computer security specialist (born 1977)
for daemon processes. Peslyak is the author of the widely popular password cracking tool John the Ripper. His code has also been used in various third-party
Solar_Designer
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
have been created to slow searches. See Password cracking. For a method to prevent the testing of short passwords see salt (cryptography). Birthday attack
Preimage_attack
Discontinued source-available disk encryption utility
com/3/all/39/1394189/1 "Top ten password cracking techniques, http://www.alphr.com/features/371158/top-ten-password-cracking-techniques 'FBI도 못 푼다'는 암호 풀자
TrueCrypt
Cryptographic hash function
attacks. However, even a secure password hash can't prevent brute-force attacks on weak passwords. See Password cracking. In the case of document signing
SHA-1
Web service providing individuals with a "Globally Recognized Avatar"
open-source Hashcat password cracking tool. Given that Hashcat uses graphics processing units to achieve high efficiencies at cracking hashes, it has been
Gravatar
Attack on a computer system
botnets are equipped for different tasks such as DDOS attacks or password cracking. It is also possible to buy the software used to create a botnet and
Cyberattack
Method to set encryption keys
if an attacker has sufficient computational power (see password strength and password cracking for more discussion). Unavoidably, however, pre-shared
Pre-shared_key
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
The Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP) is an augmented password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, specifically designed to work around existing
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
2022 security incident affecting LastPass
Two related security incidents were disclosed by the password manager LastPass in 2022. In the first incident, an attacker accessed parts of LastPass's
2022_LastPass_data_breach
Python web framework
cross-site request forgery, cross-site scripting, SQL injection, password cracking and other typical web attacks, most of them turned on by default a
Django_(web_framework)
(software) – login cracker supporting numerous protocols John the Ripper – password cracking tool Kali Linux – penetration testing Linux distribution Metasploit
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Class of attack on cryptographic systems
example is the often predictable ways computer users choose passwords (see password cracking). Nevertheless, in the specific case of playing mixed strategy
Random number generator attack
Random_number_generator_attack
Study of what makes passwords easy to remember
may be granted access. Password strength Password policy Password cracking Passphrase Info Security; The contradictions of password psychology 22 February
Password_psychology
Topics referred to by the same term
Ripper (disambiguation) Jack (disambiguation) John the Ripper, a password cracking tool This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Jack the Ripper (disambiguation)
Jack_the_Ripper_(disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
microcomputer Rainbow storage Rainbow table, a data structure used in password cracking Rainbow, an application using the Okapi Framework Rainbow flag (LGBTQ)
Rainbow_(disambiguation)
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
Think Complex Passwords Will Save You? (PDF). BSidesLv 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2025. "DES Cracker is currently down for maintenance". crack.sh. ToorCon
Data_Encryption_Standard
Identity authentication method
upgraded. Authentication FIDO Alliance Password cracking Password fatigue Password policy Password psychology Password strength Pre-shared key Usability of
Passwordless_authentication
Watermarking attack Mangled packet Reverse connection Polymorphic code Password cracking Spoofing attack POODLE Security exploits affecting computers. Exploit
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
1987 American film
"hackers" fail to gain access to "Terminal Entry" through brute force password cracking, however when Bob drops one of his Twinkies on the keyboard, he enters
Terminal_Entry
has had well-known security weaknesses since 2003 involving offline password cracking. LEAP uses a modified version of MS-CHAP, an authentication protocol
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol
Lightweight_Extensible_Authentication_Protocol
Word processor
removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several
Microsoft_Word
Australian editor of WikiLeaks (born 1971)
at LM hash cracking", which would decrypt passwords. Assange said he was, and told Manning about rainbow tables that WikiLeaks used to crack hashes and
Julian_Assange
British-American online media company and blog network
passwords". Gawker was found to be using DES-based crypt(3) password hashes with 12 bits of salt. Security researchers found that password cracking software
Gawker_Media
2015 password-based key derivation function
memory: Argon2d maximizes resistance to GPU cracking attacks. It accesses the memory array in a password-dependent order, which reduces the possibility
Argon2
Form of social engineering
unprecedented scale. The term "phishing" was first recorded in 1995 in the cracking toolkit AOHell, but may have been used earlier in the hacker magazine 2600
Phishing
Computer programmer
License. Other contributions include the early versions of the pwdump password cracking utility. During his career, Jeremy Allison has consistently defended
Jeremy_Allison
Approach to computer security from the US Defense Information Systems Agency
such as server scanning, OS and application vulnerability exploits, password cracking, man-in-the-middle attacks, pass-the-hash (PtH) and others. Alternatively
Software-defined_perimeter
Windows application for AOL cracking
AOHell was a Windows application that was used to simplify 'cracking' (computer hacking) using AOL. The program contained a very early use of the term
AOHell
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
Encryption Standard (DES), RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) Password cracking Cryptocurrency transactions processing ("mining") (Bitcoin mining)
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
2008 video game
Unfortunately the password mechanism proves to be too complex for Aschen to hack so she asks Haken to use her "password cracking subprogram". He reluctantly
Super Robot Wars OG Saga: Endless Frontier
Super_Robot_Wars_OG_Saga:_Endless_Frontier
Overview of and topical guide to computer security
exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network. Password cracking – Software cracking – Script kiddies – List of computer criminals – Identity
Outline_of_computer_security
Issue-tracking product developed by Atlassian
to rainbow attacks, dictionary lookups and cracking tools. Apache advised users to change their passwords. Atlassian themselves were also targeted as
Jira_(software)
Type of hacking
information. The services offered by these hackers can range from simple password cracking to sophisticated techniques such as phishing, ransomware attacks,
Hack-for-hire_operation
End-user knowledge of cybersecurity
multi-factor authentication, password managers, and awareness of various password-related threats like password cracking. Patching: Software and system
Internet_security_awareness
phishing, web-crawlers inadvertently finding exposed access points, password cracking, and other standard hacking methods. University credentials are bought
Cyber espionage on universities
Cyber_espionage_on_universities
2006 video game
where the stylus is used for, among other tasks, program repair and password cracking. Project Hacker plays like an adventure game outside of these puzzles
Project_Hacker:_Kakusei
Security feature in Microsoft Office
be protected with a user-provided password. There are two types of passwords that can be set to a document: A password to encrypt a document restricts opening
Microsoft Office password protection
Microsoft_Office_password_protection
Package Manager for macOS
Windows, and macOS, and has \ facilities to help enable distributed password cracking homepage https://hashcat.net/hashcat/ build.target {} checksums rmd160
MacPorts
Set of email addresses and passwords appeared on the dark web in 2019
unique email addresses and 21 million unique passwords, resulting in more than 2.7 billion email/password pairs. The list, reviewed by computer security
Collection_No._1
2001 thriller movie directed by Dominic Sena
Knowles persuades Stanley to work for Gabriel Shear, who forces him into cracking a secure Defense Department server. After the hack, Gabriel offers Stanley
Swordfish_(film)
Authorized cyberattack for testing purposes
to a real attack. Cris Thomas (Space Rogue), Dan Patterson (2017). Password Cracking is easy with IBM's Space Rogue (Video). CBS Interactive. Event occurs
Penetration_test
Branch of digital forensic science
analysis includes manual reviews of media, Windows registry analysis, password cracking, keyword searches, and the extraction of emails and images. Tools
Computer_forensics
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
mathematical operation which is quick to calculate, yet hard to reverse. So password storage and digital signatures benefit from hashes. Even a small change
Cryptographic_hash_function
Password management software
LastPass is a password manager application. The standard version of LastPass comes with a web interface, but also includes a browser extension, an app
LastPass
American science fiction adventure television series
wardialing, editing hexadecimal machine code in a hex editor, brute force password cracking, denial-of-service attacks, facial recognition, speech recognition
Whiz_Kids_(TV_series)
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bassford.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly north Midlands)
English (chiefly north Midlands) : variant of Bassford.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Devon)
English (chiefly Devon) : from Middle English pass(en) ‘to pass or go across’ + more ‘marsh’, ‘fen’, a nickname, bestowed no doubt on someone who lived on the far side of a tract of moorland near the main settlement, or for someone who was familiar with the safe routes across a moor.English (chiefly Devon) : several early forms have -e- in place of -o- in the second syllable, and may have a different origin. They could derive from an Anglo-Norman French nickname for a seafarer, Passemer, from passe(r) ‘to cross’ (as above) + mer ‘sea’, ‘ocean’, or the second element could be from Old English mere ‘lake’, ‘marsh’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places called Basford, especially the one in Staffordshire. There are others in Nottinghamshire and Cheshire. All are named with a personal name (variously Old English Beorcol and Basa, and Old Norse Barkr) + Old English ford ‘ford’.
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a lost place in the parish of Bolton-le-Moors, near Manchester, of uncertain etymology.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Grace.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Pearl; Little Pearl
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Hebrew, Irish
Praise; The Lord is Gracious; Female Version of John; Kind
Girl/Female
American, Christian, Gaelic, German, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Spanish
Lady; World Mighty; Form of Donna; Respectful Title and Female Equivalent of Don; World Ruler
Girl/Female
Tamil
Flashing
Male
Czechoslovakian
, noble ruler.
Girl/Female
American, French, German, Latin, Scandinavian
Pure; Beloved
Boy/Male
Hindu
Honored
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
PASSWORD CRACKING
n.
An instrument for cracking nuts.
n.
Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance.
v. t.
To indorse, after examination, with the word vise, as a passport; to vise.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Crack
v. t.
To examine and indorse, as a passport; to visa.
n.
An indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of certain countries on the continent of Europe, denoting that it has been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to proceed on his journey; a visa.
v. i.
To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism.
n.
The bass (Tilia) or its wood; especially, T. Americana. See Bass, the lime tree.
n.
In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana.
n.
A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign.
n.
A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct.
n.
To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking noise; as, to snap a whip.
n.
Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.
n.
A word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person who has a right to pass the watch from one who has not; a countersign; a password.
n.
A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct.
n.
A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.
v. i.
To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to crack; as, blazing firewood snaps.
n.
A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.