AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for PARINIRVANA
Search references for PARINIRVANA. Phrases containing PARINIRVANA
See searches and references containing PARINIRVANA!
Search references for PARINIRVANA. Phrases containing PARINIRVANA
See searches and references containing PARINIRVANA!PARINIRVANA
Concept in Buddhism
In Buddhism, parinirvana (Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa; Pali: parinibbāna) describes the state entered after death by someone who has attained nirvana during
Parinirvana
Mahayana Buddhist holiday celebrated in East Asia
Parinirvana Day or Nirvana Day is a Mahayana Buddhist holiday celebrated in East Asia, Vietnam and the Philippines. By some it is celebrated on 8 February
Parinirvana_Day
Historical city in Uttar Pradesh, India
Buddhist pilgrimage site where Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained parinirvana. According to Alexander Cunningham, Kushinagara was named for the abundance
Kushinagar
Buddhist temple in Kushinagar, India
The Parinirvana Stupa or Mahaparinirvana Temple is a Buddhist temple in Kushinagar, India which is said to be the place of death of Gautama Buddha, the
Parinirvana_Stupa
Disciple of Gautama Buddha
necrotizing enteritis due to a high protein (meat) diet. Before entering the parinirvāṇa, the Buddha told Ānanda to visit Cunda and tell him that his meal had
Cunda_Kammāraputta
the Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (Sutta 16 of the Dīgha Nikāya), after the parinirvana (the Buddha's final nirvana during his physical death), the physical
Relics_associated_with_Buddha
Founder of Buddhism
died in Kushinagar (in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India) and reached parinirvana ("final release from conditioned existence"). According to Buddhist tradition
The_Buddha
Liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra
is called sopadhishesa-nirvana (nirvana with a remainder), the second parinirvana or anupadhishesa-nirvana (nirvana without remainder, or final nirvana)
Nirvana
Major theme of Buddhist art
represents the historical Buddha during his last illness, about to enter the parinirvana. He is lying on his right side, his head resting on a cushion or relying
Reclining_Buddha
Japanese Parinirvana Painting in the Yale University Art Gallery
Buddha Sakyamuni, or Yale Parinirvana (Nehan-zu), is a 14th-century Japanese silk painting and hanging scroll depicting Parinirvana, the death of the Buddha
The Final Death of the Buddha Sakyamuni
The_Final_Death_of_the_Buddha_Sakyamuni
only celebrate the birth but also the enlightenment and parinirvana of the Buddha. Parinirvana Day: also known as Nirvana Day, a Mahayana Buddhist holiday
Buddhist_holidays
Twenty-first of 28 Buddhas
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Phussa
Building in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
includes one Important Cultural Property — a painting on silk of the parinirvana of the Buddha, dating to the Kamakura period — and five Prefectural Tangible
Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of History
Hyōgo_Prefectural_Museum_of_History
Birthday of Siddhartha Gautama
candles and recite the Three Jewels and Five Precepts. In Bhutan, Buddha Parinirvana is a national holiday and is also celebrated as Saga Dawa on the 15th
Buddha's_Birthday
Second month in the Julian and Gregorian calendars
Waitangi Day (New Zealand) February 7 Independence Day (Grenada) February 8 Parinirvana Day (some Mahayana Buddhist traditions, most celebrate on February 15)
February
Historical city in Lumbini Province, Nepal
of Myanmar Russian Monastery (under construction, April 2024) Before parinirvana at the age of eighty, Gautama Buddha gave a sermon to his disciples on
Lumbini
District of Uttar Pradesh in India
Kushinagar, a Buddhist pilgrimage site where Gautama Buddha attained parinirvana in the 5th century BCE. Since the independence of India, Kushinagar district
Kushinagar_district
Tibetan Buddhist teacher
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Machig_Labdrön
Twentieth of twenty-eight buddhas
According to the Buddhavamsa of the Pali Canon and to its commentary, Tissa Buddha is the twentieth of the twenty-seven buddhas who preceded the historical
Tissa_Buddha
Highest spiritual attainment in Buddhist cultivation
"nirvana with a remainder", attained and maintained during life, and parinirvana or anupadhishesa-nirvana, meaning "nirvana without remainder" or final
Nirvana_(Buddhism)
Temple complex in Kandy, Sri Lanka
conducted annually to pay homage to the Sacred Tooth Relic. After the Maha parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, according to the legend, the tooth relic was preserved
Temple_of_the_Tooth
Principal disciple of Gautama Buddha and leader at the First Council
Mahākāśyapa assumed leadership of the monastic community following the parinirvāṇa (death) of the Buddha, presiding over the First Buddhist Council. He
Mahākāśyapa
Fifteenth of twenty eight Buddhas
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Sujāta_Buddha
Adherents of Buddhism
study sutras, and make offerings of tea, candles, and simple food. Parinirvana Day (Nirvana Day), observed on 15 February, marks the Buddha's final
Buddhists
Buddhist festival marking the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha
birth, enlightenment (Pali: Nibbāna, Sanskrit: Nirvāṇa), and death (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha in Theravada, Tibetan Buddhism, and Navayana. The
Vesak
Domed structure containing Buddhist relics
monuments associated with storing sacred relics of the Buddha. After his parinirvana, Buddha's remains were cremated and the ashes divided and buried under
Stupa
Ancient Eurasian icon and Nazi symbol
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Swastika
Primary disciples of Gautama Buddha according to East Asian Buddhism
prophesied to arrive on earth many millennia after Gautama Buddha's death (parinirvana). In China, the eighteen arhats are also a popular subject in Buddhist
Eighteen_Arhats
Wife of Prince Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha)
established the bhikkhuni order. She died at 78, two years before Buddha's parinirvana (death). In his book The Great Chronicle of Buddhas, the Burmese monk
Yaśodharā
doubles as Social Forestry Day, where children plant trees. Lord Buddha's Parinirvana Day or Duechen Nga Zom is observed on the 15th day of the 4th month of
Public_holidays_in_Bhutan
Buddhist pilgrimage site in India
where he achieved enlightenment; and, Kushinagar, where he attained parinirvana. Sarnath is located eight kilometres (five miles) northeast of Varanasi
Sarnath
Indian religion and philosophy
eightfold path. According to numerous Buddhist scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first
Buddhism
Buddhist temple in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Wat_Phra_That_Doi_Suthep
Concept in Buddhist cosmology
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Six_Paths
Ancient Buddhist temple at Lumbini, Nepal
supported by her sister, Mahapajapati Gotami. At the age of 80, before the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, he said to his disciples: "There are, O monks, four
Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini
Early Buddhist monastic schools
According to the scriptures (Cullavagga XI.1 ff), three months after the parinirvāṇa of Gautama Buddha, some of the arahants among his disciples held a council—presided
Early_Buddhist_schools
first sermon), and Kushinagar (the location where the Buddha attained parinirvana). All of these sites are located in India except Lumbini, which is located
Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India
Third Druk Gyalpo 7 May – Shabdrung Kurchoe 11 June – Lord Buddha's Parinirvana 5 July – Sun Birth Anniversary of Guru Rinpoche 28 July – First Sermon
2026_in_Bhutan
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Buddhism_by_country
God of Wealth in Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Jambhala
Buddhist temple complex in Cambodia
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Angkor_Wat
Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism
highest, complete enlightenment. For this reason, after the Tathāgata’s parinirvāṇa the bodhisattva mahāsattvas should always preserve, recite, explain,
Mahasthamaprapta
City in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan
surrounded by a row of smaller stupas. Nearby, an 18 m (59 ft) long Parinirvana (reclining) Buddha was excavated between the late 1960s and early 1970s
Ghazni
Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India) where Gautama Buddha died and attained Parinirvana. In addition the four sites mentioned earlier (Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath
Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites
Tibetan teacher and religious ritual master
Lewis, Craig (21 December 2020). "Ka-nying Shedrub Ling Announces Parinirvana of Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche". Buddhist Door Global. Archived from the
Tsikey_Chokling_Rinpoche
republics to whom were given the relics of the Buddha upon his death, or Parinirvana. Initially, the relics had been kept exclusively by the Mallakas of Kusinagara
Allakappa
Japanese Buddhist monk
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Ryōkan
Episodes in the life of the Buddha
Descent from Tavatimsa Heaven, the Miracle at Sravasti and his death or Parinirvana. Each event had taken place at a specific location, which had become
The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha
The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha
Spiritual leader of Tibet from 1842 to 1855
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
11th_Dalai_Lama
Spiritual leader of Tibet from 1762 to 1804
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
8th_Dalai_Lama
Buddhist organization in Barre, Massachusetts
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Insight_Meditation_Society
One of the prominent Yakshas
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Maṇibhadra
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
List of Buddhist temples in Thailand
List_of_Buddhist_temples_in_Thailand
Reference point from which time is measured
Buddhist calendars tend to use the epoch of 544 BC (date of Buddha's parinirvana). The term Hindu calendar may refer to a number of traditional Indian
Epoch
Post Gupta-era stupa at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India
the sense of game animals, with deer being the most common. After the parinirvana of the Buddha, his remains were cremated and the ashes were divided and
Dhamek_Stupa
Rock temple of the Buddha in Sri Lanka in Polonaruwa
sorrowful expression and the reclining image—which depicts the Buddha's parinirvana—lies next to it, which has led some to believe that it is the monk Ānanda
Gal_Vihara
42nd Sakya Trizin
Jetsunma Kunga Trinley Palter Sakya was born on 2 January 2007, the Parinirvana Day of Sakya Pandita, which is considered auspicious according to Tibetan
Ratna_Vajra_Rinpoche
Female Tibetan Buddhist deity
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Palden_Lhamo
Formulaic summary of Buddhist doctrines
dissolution of the five skandhas at the time of death (skandha-nirvana or parinirvana); in the Theravada-tradition, it also refers to a transcendental reality
Four_Noble_Truths
Concept in Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Nirmāṇakāya
Deity in Buddhism
they were not attacked by their deadly enemies, the Garudas. At the parinirvana of the Buddha, Vajrapāni dropped his vajra in despair and rolled himself
Vajrapani
Highest spiritual goal in Buddhist cultivation
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Enlightenment_in_Buddhism
Films about the Buddha
dubbed in Hindi. This film relates Buddha's life story until its end, his parinirvana. The film is available on DVD. It is known that Buddhists in countries
Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film
Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film
Tibetan scholar, thinker, writer, poet, linguist and artist
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Gendün_Chöphel
Poem
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Buddhacharita
Foster mother of Gautama Buddha and the first Buddhist nun
original on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2010-11-07. Dhammadinnā, Bhikkhunī. "The Parinirvāṇa of Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī and Her Followers in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya"
Mahāprajāpatī_Gautamī
Buddhist philosophical tradition
developed among various schools of Buddhism in ancient India following the parinirvāṇa of Gautama Buddha (c. 5th century BCE), as well as the further developments
Buddhist_philosophy
Form of Buddhist meditation and contemplation
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Patikulamanasikara
honor when the Buddha was born, attained enlightenment and achieved parinirvana, which all according to tradition occurred on the same days. Lay people
Wat_Buddhananachat_of_Austin
Buddhist, Taoist, Chinese, and general East Asian death deity
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Yama_(Buddhism)
Mummified Buddhist monk
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Luang_Pho_Daeng
Disciple of Buddha
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Kisa_Gotami
Buddhist canonical collection
6th century CE Indian monk Paramārtha wrote that 200 years after the parinirvāṇa of the Buddha, much of the Mahāsāṃghika school moved north of Rājagṛha
Buddhist_canons
One of Gautama Buddha's main disciples, foremost in monastic discipline
preserved the monastic discipline after the Buddha's parinibbāna (Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa; passing into final Nirvana). This lineage became an important part of
Upāli
Buddhist scriptures of the Theravada tradition
even his words. He suggests the canon was composed soon after Buddha's parinirvana, but after a period of free improvisation, and then the core teachings
Pali_Canon
Buddhist stages of enlightenment
person. They have abandoned all ten fetters and, upon death (Sanskrit: Parinirvāṇa, Pāli: Parinibbāna) will never be reborn in any plane or world, having
Fruits_of_the_noble_path
East Asian honorific
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Sensei
Attendant of the Buddha and main figure in First Buddhist Council
Vogel, Jean-Philippe (1905). "Le Parinirvàna d'Ânanda, d'après un bas-relief gréco-bouddhique" [Ānanda's Parinirvāna, According to a Greco-Buddhist Bas-relief]
Ānanda
Zen center in California, United States
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Green_Gulch_Farm_Zen_Center
Mythical colour in Buddhism
thousand years after Buddha's "parinirvana" to represent the Buddhism as a religion. Buddhist flag Five Pure Lights Parinirvana Rainbow body The Buddhist Channel
Prabashvara
Convention of Buddhist monastic sangha
canonical Vinayas of various schools. It was held 100 years after the parinirvana of Buddha in the Valukarama of Vaiśālī and was patronised by the king
Buddhist_councils
Sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Tathāgatagarbha_Sūtra
Siamese Buddhist monk
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Somdet_To_Brahmaramsi
Buddhist temple in Japan
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Sengaku-ji
Pure land of Amitābha in Mahayana Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Sukhavati
Prominent figure in Tibetan Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Panchen_Lama
Group of early Buddhist schools
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Nikaya_Buddhism
Buddhist concept
parents. Furthermore, the Antarāparinirvāyin is an Anāgamin who obtains parinirvāṇa during the intermediary existence. As for the heinous criminal guilty
Bardo
and teaches that the Buddha is eternal and does not really pass into parinirvāṇa. The Mahāmegha Sūtra was translated into Chinese in the fifth century
Mahāmegha_Sūtra
Prominent and leading disciple of the Buddha
meditative insight that the chief disciples were supposed to achieve parinirvana before the Buddha, and that he had seven more days to live. Śāriputra
Śāriputra
Buddhist monastery and centre of learning in India
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Nalanda_mahavihara
Buddhist sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Diamond_Sutra
Building in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
includes the Important Cultural Property Eight Aspects of the Buddha's Parinirvana. Reimeikan, Kagoshima Prefectural Center for Historical Material List
Bonotsu History Museum Kishinkan
Bonotsu_History_Museum_Kishinkan
Ascetic teacher of ancient India
Makkhali Gosala On the left: Mahakashyapa meets an Ajivika and learns of the Parinirvana Religious life Religion Founder of Ajivika
Makkhali_Gosala
Deity in Buddhist mythology
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Father-in-law of Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Suppabuddha
Enlightened being in Buddhism
would then be termed the nirvana element without residue remaining. Parinirvana occurs at the death of an arhat. In Theravada Buddhism, the Buddha himself
Arhat
Initiation ceremony in Buddhism
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Refuge_in_Buddhism
Buddhist wheel of joy symbol
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Gankyil
Burmese Theravada Buddhist monk
Arhat Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving)
Sayadaw_U_Tejaniya
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA
PARINIRVANA