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Longitudinal statistical study
econometrics, panel data and longitudinal data are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where
Panel_data
multidimensional panel data is data of a phenomenon observed over three or more dimensions. This comes in contrast with panel data, observed over two
Multidimensional_panel_data
Statistical method
Panel (data) analysis is a statistical method, widely used in social science, epidemiology, and econometrics to analyze two-dimensional (typically cross
Panel_analysis
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Panel, panel, or panelist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Panel may refer to: Panel painting, in art, a painting on a wood panel (as opposed
Panel
Statistical model comparing multiple variables over time
The cross-lagged panel model is a type of discrete time structural equation model used to analyze panel data in which two or more variables are repeatedly
Cross-lagged_panel_model
40224.014 Hsiao, Cheng (2014), "Cross-Sectionally Dependent Panel Data", Analysis of Panel Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 327–368, doi:10
Data_analysis
The front panel data port (FPDP) is a bus that provides high speed data transfer between two or more VMEbus boards at up to 160 Mbit/s with low latency
Front_Panel_Data_Port
Type of statistical data
in time. Another type of data, panel data (or longitudinal data), combines both cross-sectional and time series data aspects and looks at how the subjects
Cross-sectional_data
Assembly of photovoltaic cells used to generate electricity
A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using multiple solar modules that consists of photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cells are
Solar_panel
Internet. The LISS panel provides scientists and policy makers with a facility to carry out surveys, with a focus on longitudinal studies. Data collected in
LISS_panel
Python library for data analysis
three-clause BSD license. The name is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods
Pandas_(software)
Statistical hypothesis test in econometrics
to differentiate between fixed effects model and random effects model in panel analysis. In this case, Random effects (RE) is preferred under the null
Durbin–Wu–Hausman_test
Generalized method of moments estimator in econometrics
generalized method of moments estimator used to estimate dynamic models of panel data. It was proposed in 1991 by Manuel Arellano and Stephen Bond, based on
Arellano–Bond_estimator
Longitudinal panel survey
world’s longest running household panel survey, and more than 7,600 peer-reviewed publications have been based on PSID data. As of 2025, Thomas Crossley of
Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Panel_Study_of_Income_Dynamics
Statistical model
quantity. In panel data where longitudinal observations exist for the same subject, fixed effects represent the subject-specific means. In panel data analysis
Fixed_effects_model
Sequence of data points over time
type of panel data. Panel data is the general class, a multidimensional data set, whereas a time series data set is a one-dimensional panel (as is a
Time_series
Partial (pooled) likelihood estimation for panel data is a quasi-maximum likelihood method for panel analysis that assumes that density of y i t {\displaystyle
Partial likelihood methods for panel data
Partial_likelihood_methods_for_panel_data
Dataset of the population in Germany
German is available online. SOEP data are integrated into the Cross National Equivalent File (CNEF) which contains panel data from Australia, Canada, Germany
Socio-Economic_Panel
Survey
BHPS data are integrated into the European Community Household Panel and the Cross National Equivalent File (CNEF) which contains panel data from Australia
British Household Panel Survey
British_Household_Panel_Survey
Statistical models used for static panel data
model is a Poisson regression model used for static panel data when the outcome variable is count data. Hausman, Hall, and Griliches pioneered the method
Fixed-effect_Poisson_model
Data analysis process
disciplines, two-dimensional data sets are also called panel data. While, strictly speaking, two- and higher-dimensional data sets are "multi-dimensional"
Multidimensional_analysis
Television ratings in the United Kingdom
Board). Barb has two sources of data: people-based panel data and device-based census data for online TV viewing. The Barb panel is a sample of households,
Barb_Audiences
Group of online research participants
their opinion. Online panel data (OPD) is widely used in market research. Other fields that contain prominent usage of online panel data include psychological
Online_panel
Statistical model
Covariance estimation Conditional variance Panel analysis Baltagi, Badi H. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (4th ed.). New York, NY: Wiley. pp. 17–22
Random_effects_model
French economist (born 1976)
involves latent variable modeling, modeling of unobserved heterogeneity in panel data, and its applications in labor economics, in particular the analysis of
Stéphane_Bonhomme
American econometrician
his theoretical contributions to the analysis of cross-sectional and panel data. Wooldridge was born in 1960 to parents Nancy A. Williams and J. Cameron
Jeffrey_Wooldridge
Statistical technique to use observational data for causal analysis
between treatment and control groups), the difference in differences uses panel data to measure the differences, between the treatment and control group, of
Difference_in_differences
Knowledge base to enhance search results
answers in knowledge panels alongside Google search results caused significant readership declines for Wikipedia, from which the panels obtained some of their
Knowledge_Graph_(Google)
Technique in statistics
Wright attempted to determine the supply and demand for butter using panel data on prices and quantities sold in the United States. The idea was that
Instrumental_variables
Unusual personal characteristic
error—that is, unobserved factors that impact the dependent variable—from panel data that both changes over time and across units (individuals, firms, cities
Idiosyncrasy
Informational and control component of early computers
A front panel was used on early electronic computers to display and allow the alteration of the state of the machine's internal registers and memory.
Front_panel
Regression method in econometrics
Striaukas, Jonas (2022-07-26). "Machine learning panel data regressions with heavy-tailed dependent data: Theory and application". Journal of Econometrics:
Mixed-data_sampling
American/Australian economist (born 1961)
of Choice Modelling, structural modelling, simulation estimation, and panel data econometrics. He is also one of the world's leading economists by many
Michael_Keane_(economist)
Econometric term
Marie; Wang, Shixuan (25 April 2018). "Structural breaks in panel data: Large number of panels and short length time series" (PDF). Econometric Reviews.
Structural_break
Chinese social surveys
Panel Studies main website. The Peking University Open Research Data Dataverse mirrors the baseline release under DOI 10.18170/DVN/45LCSO. CFPS data are
China_Family_Panel_Studies
1961 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
that he wanted them to wait five minutes while he recorded his cockpit panel data. Using a grease pencil with the pressure suit gloves was awkward, and
Mercury-Redstone_4
1953 scientific committee for UAP reports
The Robertson Panel was a scientific committee which met in January 1953 headed by Howard P. Robertson. The Panel arose from a recommendation to the Intelligence
Robertson_Panel
Family of surveys
Insurance Component data from the AHRQ website. The current[when?] publicly available Medical Expenditure Panel Survey – Household Component data set consists
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Medical_Expenditure_Panel_Survey
Tendency for consumer prices to be systematically higher in more developed countries
Over time, the testing of the HBS model has evolved quite dramatically. Panel data and time series techniques have crowded out old cross-section tests, demand
Balassa–Samuelson_effect
Census survey
SIPP data are used to evaluate the effectiveness of Federal, state, and local government programs. The SIPP gathers information from a series of panels, each
Survey of Income and Program Participation
Survey_of_Income_and_Program_Participation
Statistical package
statistical analysis and econometric analyses, such as cross-section and panel data analysis and time series estimation and forecasting. EViews combines spreadsheet
EViews
(formerly British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), UK) Wooden, Mark; Watson, Nicole; Butterworth, Peter (April 2024). "Data Resource Profile: Household
Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
Household,_Income_and_Labour_Dynamics_in_Australia_Survey
cross nation data for researchers across the world. Current CNEF organization contains data from general population household-based panel surveys fielded
Cross-National Equivalent File
Cross-National_Equivalent_File
Discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data
enable marketers to analyze large volumes of consumer purchase data, survey data, and panel data. This helps them better understand consumer behavior and effectively
Analytics
Method for estimating parameters
determine asset prices. The method works with multiple assets across time (panel data). The parameters are estimated in two steps: First regress each of n asset
Fama–MacBeth_regression
Facility used to house computer servers
BCA-IMDA Green Mark for New Data Centre" criteria that clearly addressed decarbonization and use of hydrogen cells or solar panels. It is very difficult to
Data_center
16-bit minicomputer series
the Nova 840 panel photo to the right. The layout contained a keyed power switch, two rows of address and data display lamps, a row of data entry switches
Data_General_Nova
Econometric software package
cross-sectional data and panel data. The main modules apart from PcGive for dynamic econometric models (ARDL, VAR, GARCH, Switching, Autometrics), panel data models
OxMetrics
India's only household panel study that collects information about household purchases. Conducted by IMRB International's Media and Panel Group, it surveys
MarketPulse
Selection of data points in statistics
spousal interaction. There have been several proposed methods of analyzing panel data, including MANOVA, growth curves, and structural equation modeling with
Sampling_(statistics)
Estimator in statistics and econometrics
is an estimator used to address the problem of omitted variables with panel data. It is consistent under the assumptions of the fixed effects model. In
First-difference_estimator
Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Papke, L. E. and J. M. Wooldridge (1996): "Panel Data Methods for Fractional Response
Fractional_model
sample has included households interviewed in previous surveys (panel households). Data collection is entrusted to a specialised company using professional
Survey on Household Income and Wealth
Survey_on_Household_Income_and_Wealth
Spanish economist (born 1957)
developed the Arellano–Bond estimator, a widely used GMM estimator for panel data. This estimator is based on the earlier article by Arellano's PhD supervisor
Manuel_Arellano
British economist
estimator, a widely used generalized method of moments estimator for panel data. Research Papers in Economics lists the paper as the most cited article
Steve_Bond_(economist)
Study with repeated observations over time
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people)
Longitudinal_study
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
technique Minimum-distance estimation Partial likelihood methods for panel data Quasi-maximum likelihood estimator: an MLE estimator that is misspecified
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
2008. "survey data, analysis of," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, Abstract. • C. Hsiao, 2008. "Economic Panel Data," International
Economic_data
Taiwanese-American econometrician and statistician (born 1943)
California. Hsiao is known for his works in time series analysis and panel data analysis. Hsiao was born in Chongqing, China. Because his father was a
Cheng_Hsiao
Statistical model for count data
distribution Fixed-effect Poisson model Partial likelihood methods for panel data § Pooled QMLE for Poisson models Control function (econometrics) § Endogeneity
Poisson_regression
Digital display interface
in order to support HBR3 data rates, Display Stream Compression 1.1, Segmented Panel Displays, and partial updates for Panel Self-Refresh. Version 1.4b
DisplayPort
A Projection panel (also called overhead display or LCD panel) is a device that, although no longer in production, was used as a data projector is today
Projection_panel
Economic model explaining consumption pattern formation
"The Sensitivity of Consumption to Transitory Income: Estimates from Panel Data on Households" (PDF). Econometrica. 50 (2): 461–482. doi:10.2307/1912638
Permanent_income_hypothesis
Form of longitudinal study
research and discovery. Cohort (statistics) Community of position Panel analysis Panel data "Cohort Studies". Web Center for Social Research Methods. Archived
Cohort_study
intervals. The focus of the Polish Panel Survey is to describe Poland's social structure and its change. POLPAN data and documentation from the waves 1988
Polish_Panel_Survey
The Lifelong Labour Market Database (LLMDB2) is a panel data set, owned by the Department for Work and Pensions in Britain. LLMDB2 holds a 1% sample from
LLMDB
Control panel in front of a vehicle operator
instrument panel, digital dash, digital speedometer or digital instrument cluster. By analogy, a succinct display of various types of related visual data in one
Dashboard
New Keynesian economics (2010s) Economic inequality M. Arellano (2003), Panel Data Econometrics, Chapter 2, 'Unobserved heterogeneity', pp. 7-31. Oxford
Heterogeneity_in_economics
Layout for representing data from a cardiopulmonary test
The Wasserman 9-Panel Plot, often called a Nine-Panel Plot, is a standard layout for the graphical representation of data produced by a cardiopulmonary
Wasserman_9-Panel_Plot
analysis of cross sections and time series, LIMDEP supports methods for panel data analysis, frontier and efficiency estimation and discrete choice modeling
LIMDEP
Statistical package for time-series analysis
order to forecast, as well as to conduct data analysis. In addition, RATS can handle cross-sectional and panel data: Linear regression, including stepwise
RATS_(software)
Extremely large or complex datasets
Big data primarily refers to data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing software. Data with many entries
Big_data
British economist (born 1963)
location of multinationals and productivity: an empirical analysis using panel data (PhD thesis). University of Keele. OCLC 556724027. Griffith, Rachel; Aghion
Rachel_Griffith
American economist
vintage capital models. ———; Griliches, Zvi (1986). "Errors in Variables in Panel Data" (PDF). Journal of Econometrics. 31 (1): 93–118. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(86)90058-8
Jerry_A._Hausman
Statistical model
problem if you are using panel data, which represent repeated choices over time. By applying a standard logit model to panel data you are making the assumption
Mixed_logit
Ratios regarding the loss of participants during an experiment
Moffitt, Robert (1998). "An Analysis of Sample Attrition in Panel Data: The Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics" (PDF). Journal of Human Resources
Attrition_(research)
Swiss economist (1935–2005)
"Formulation and Estimation of Econometric Models for Panel Data". The Econometrics of Panel Data. (with Marc Nerlove). Amsterdam.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint:
Pietro_Balestra_(economist)
headings: fixed effects, differences-in-differences, and panel data, they suggest the use data with a time or cohort dimension to control for unobserved
Mostly_Harmless_Econometrics
Statistical model containing both fixed effects and random effects
Empirical Bayes method Baltagi, Badi H. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (Fourth ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-470-51886-1. Gomes
Mixed_model
Study of economic methodologies
observational studies. Data sets to which econometric analyses are applied can be classified as time-series data, cross-sectional data, panel data, and multidimensional
Methodology_of_econometrics
Numeric stand-ins in regression analysis
otherwise equals zero. In the panel data fixed effects estimator dummies are created for each of the units in cross-sectional data (e.g. firms or countries)
Dummy_variable_(statistics)
Type of map
Actuators, and Algorithms. MIT Press. Elhorst, J. Paul (2015), "Spatial Panel Data Analysis", Encyclopedia of GIS, Cham: Springer International Publishing
Topological_map
File format for encoding linked data
Developers. Retrieved 2017-10-17. "Structured data and JSON-LD requirements for Google Knowledge Panels". Lindy Panels. 2024-02-14. Retrieved 2026-05-08. "Wikidata
JSON-LD
French economist
economic data issues, errors in variables and panel data, his research has been mainly in the field of production economics and panel data econometrics
Jacques_Mairesse_(economist)
User interface software
user interfaces use a control panel metaphor to give the user control of software and hardware features. The control panel consists of multiple settings
Control_panel_(software)
1998 non-fiction book by John Lott
"Concealed-Gun-Carrying Laws and Violent Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data", International Review of Law and Economics, 1998. Dan Black and Daniel
More_Guns,_Less_Crime
Regression analysis for modeling ordinal data
Section and Panel Data. MIT Press. pp. 655–657. ISBN 9780262232586. Agresti, Alan (23 October 2010). "Modeling Ordinal Categorical Data" (PDF). Retrieved
Ordinal_regression
Long-term weather pattern of a region
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Appendix I: Glossary. Archived 2017-01-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-06-01. "Climate Data and Data Related
Climate
Device featuring a number of jacks for connecting and routing circuits
A patch panel is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits for
Patch_panel
American economist (1933–2024)
Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-515752-5. Nerlove, Marc (2002). Essays in Panel Data Econometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81534-5
Marc_Nerlove
improved by combining evidence with genomic studies, the use of dense marker panel data, and modern statistical methods. Ecotype Field experiment Genotype and
Transplant_experiment
Russian economist (born 1971)
Resource-Poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data”. American Political Science Review, 103(4), 645-668. Guriev, Sergei,
Sergei_Guriev
The data collected includes demographics, lifestyle characteristics and media habits, which provides a basis for future survey participation. A panel can
Custom_online_panel
Information Graphical User Interface
management Data presentation architecture Event stream processing Information graphics Information design Scientific visualization Control panel (software)
Dashboard_(computing)
Relationship in demographic economics
United Nations Millennium Project, 2006 Erkan Erdil, Hakan Yetkiner, "A Panel Data Approach for Income-Health Causality" An image of the Preston curve at
Preston_curve
Russian economist
resource-poor dictators allow freer media: a theory and evidence from panel data". The Review of Economic Studies. 103 (4): 645–668. doi:10.1017/S0003055409990219
Konstantin_Sonin
Processor", although it is also commonly used with cross section and panel data. The program was initially developed by Robert Hall during his graduate
TSP_(econometrics_software)
Serial Front Panel Data Port(Serial FPDP or SFPDP) is a high speed low latency data streaming serial communication protocol. It currently supports several
Serial_FPDP
Component of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server
Control Panel is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include
Control_Panel_(Windows)
Search engine from Google
from Japan, 4.8% from Brazil, and 3.7% from the United Kingdom according to data provided by Similarweb. The same source reports that 58% of users are male
Google_Search
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Snail
Surname or Lastname
English (Sussex)
English (Sussex) : from Middle English panel ‘panel’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a maker of panels, for wainscoting or saddles for example.English (Sussex) : perhaps a variant of Parnell.
Boy/Male
Dutch
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Surname
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Hebrew
Female Version of John; The Lord is Gracious
Male
Russian
(Павел) Czech and Russian form of Greek Pavlos, PAVEL means "small."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Janelle, JANEL means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Small
Girl/Female
Arabic, British, English, German, Muslim
Present
Boy/Male
Arabic, Czechoslovakian, Finnish, French, German, Hindu, Indian, Latin, Muslim, Punjabi, Russian, Sikh, Slovenia, Swedish
Little; Small; Form of Paul
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Ornament
Male
Czechoslovakian
, small.
Boy/Male
Basque Hebrew
Boy/Male
English Irish
Surname derived from a medieval given name.
Boy/Male
Slavic Latin Russian
Boy/Male
Latin Polish
Small.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, French, German, Latin, Polish, Swedish
Small; Humble; Little
Girl/Female
Hindu
To start
Boy/Male
American, British, English, French, Irish
Little Rock; Surname Derived from a Medieval Given Name; Nineteenth-century Irish Nationalist Charles Parnell
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, German, Swedish
Little; Form of Paul; Small
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Mighty; Powerful
Boy/Male
Biblical
Good God.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sibling
Boy/Male
Australian, Czech, Czechoslovakian, German
Glad
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hickling.
Boy/Male
African, British, English
Variant of Hilda
Girl/Female
Indian
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Eye of the Day; Day's Eye
Girl/Female
Hindu
Immense Joy, God is gracious
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a nickname for a hasty individual, from Middle English stert(en) ‘to start or leap’ + Anglo-Norman French avaunt ‘forward’.
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
PANEL DATA
n.
A blank window or panel.
n.
A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.
n.
One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.
n.
The panel itself.
n.
A panel; a tympanum.
n.
A heap of dressed ore.
imp. & p. p.
of Panel
n.
A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.
n.
A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes.
a.
Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash.
n.
A list of jurors; a panel.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Panel
a.
Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a six/paned nut.
n.
A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.
a.
Without panes.
v. t.
To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot.
n.
A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.
n.
A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.