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Nazi Germany term for Eastern foreign worker
Ostarbeiter (German: [ˈɔstˌʔaʁbaɪtɐ], lit. "Eastern worker") was a Nazi German designation for foreign workers gathered from occupied Central and Eastern
Ostarbeiter
German state from 1933 to 1945
Woman with Ostarbeiter badge at the IG Farben plant in Auschwitz
Nazi_Germany
Ownership of people as property
2017. Retrieved February 1, 2023. Steinert, Johannes-Dieter. Kleine Ostarbeiter: Child Forced Labor in Nazi Germany and German Occupied Eastern Europe
Slavery
with a similar number of workers in this category from other countries. Ostarbeiter ('Eastern workers') – Soviet and Polish civil workers, mostly rounded
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II
Neglectful children's homes in Nazi Germany
Among the Polish and Soviet female forced labour (German: Zivil- und Ostarbeiter) unintended pregnancies were common due to rampant sexual abuse by their
Nazi birthing centres for foreign workers
Nazi_birthing_centres_for_foreign_workers
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
Woman with Ostarbeiter badge at work at IG-Farbenwerke in Auschwitz
The_Holocaust
German fascist ideology
immediately. The Nazis issued similar regulations against 'Eastern Workers' (Ostarbeiter), including imposition of the death penalty if they engaged in sex with
Nazism
Human losses by participating country
: Ваш выбор ЦИРЗ, 1996. – pp. 735–38. (Victims of Two Dictatorships. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian) Evdokimov, Rostislav
World_War_II_casualties
1945 Soviet war film
depict abuse directed at other POWs. This reflected the use by Nazis of Ostarbeiter as slave labour, including as family servants. The film begins in 1944
Girl_No._217
Cherkashchyna Ukrainians being deported to Germany to serve as slave labor (Ostarbeiter), 1942
Economy_of_Nazi_Germany
Civil and military engineering group in Nazi Germany
Militärinternierte ('military internees'), Zivilarbeiter ('civilian workers'), Ostarbeiter ('Eastern workers'), and Hilfswillige ('volunteer') POW workers.[citation
Organisation_Todt
German Nazi politician (1894–1946)
Woman with Ostarbeiter badge in Auschwitz
Fritz_Sauckel
Soviet penal labor camp system
the NKVD. In 1945 about 100 filtration camps were set for repatriated Ostarbeiter, POWs, and other displaced persons, which processed more than 4,000,000
Gulag
Soviet republic from 1919 to 1991
war effort, over 2 million of Ukrainians were forcibly mobilized as Ostarbeiter and sent to Germany. About 450,000 of them died due to lack of food,
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
German engineer and senior Nazi figure (1891–1942)
Poles, Czechs, Italians, Dutch, Belgians, and approximately 15,000 Ostarbeiter—as well as French and foreign Jews compelled to perform forced labor
Fritz_Todt
anywhere from eight to 80 years old. Liberated female Polish and Soviet Ostarbeiters were also raped. Antony Beevor estimates that up to half of all rape
Wartime_sexual_violence
(1927 – 2004) – a Russian diarist who wrote diaries while working as a Ostarbeiter in Germany, along with her mother, Anna. Mary Berg Hélène Berr – a French
List_of_Holocaust_diarists
Brothels for members of the Wehrmacht and the SS
– were sexually exploited by German men. In Brandenburg, two Polish Ostarbeiter teens who returned home to Kraków in advanced stage of pregnancy, reported
German military brothels in World War II
German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II
Soviet screening camp for returning soldiers
filtration camps"). Surviving POWs (about 1.5 million), repatriated Ostarbeiter, and other displaced persons totaling more than 4,000,000 people were
NKVD_filtration_camps
City in Ukraine
disease. 60,000 were forcibly transported to Germany as slave workers (Ostarbeiter). By the time of Kharkiv's liberation in August 1943, the surviving population
Kharkiv
1945 massacre of forced labourers by Nazi Germany
series of mass extrajudicial killings of 208 forced labourers and POWs (Ostarbeiter), mainly of Russian and Polish descent, by Nazi troops under the command
Arnsberg_Forest_massacre
One of the three main camps in the Auschwitz concentration camp system
Ostarbeiter on lathe at Monowitz, identified by "Ost" badge on her clothes
Monowitz_concentration_camp
1946–1947 forced repatriation of Soviet citizens
vast majority of whom were Soviet prisoners of war and forced laborers (Ostarbeiter). The bulk of the latter two groups—prisoners of war liberated by the
Operation_Keelhaul
Soviet policy during and after WWII
territories since the beginning of World War II. In 1940, it initiated Ostarbeiter, a massive project of enslaving the populations of Eastern European countries
Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union
Forced_labor_of_Germans_in_the_Soviet_Union
Stance in occupied countries in World War II
German government attempted to enroll Soviet citizens voluntarily for the Ostarbeiter program. Originally this effort worked well, but the news of the terrible
Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy
Dutch, German and Swiss family of manufacturers
WWII the company profited from (expropriated) Jewish real estate and Ostarbeiter; after the war from the economic boom. The first store in the USA was
Brenninkmeijer_family
Opposition to Nazi Germany
main goals were to unite the working class with the prosecuted people, Ostarbeiters and prisoners of war in a large movement that would overthrow the Nazi
German_resistance_to_Nazism
Ostarbeiter woman at the IG Farben plant Auschwitz
Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future
Foundation_Remembrance,_Responsibility_and_Future
Military and civilian casualties of the Soviet Union in World War II
М.: Ваш выбор ЦИРЗ, 1996. – p735-738. (Victims of Two Dictatorships. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). Shevyakov,
World War II casualties of the Soviet Union
World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union
Dutch, but not as badly as de facto slave labourers like the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter. Pagenstecher, Cord (2010). "Chapter 12: 'We were treated like slaves
Totaleinsatz
Territory of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944
Yar The Death Match Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia Ostarbeiter Word of the Righteous "Reichskommissariat Ukraine". www.encyclopediaofukraine
Reichskommissariat_Ukraine
Transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union
been forced laborers (Ostarbeiter) in Germany and occupied territories. Surviving POWs, about 1.5 million, repatriated Ostarbeiter[clarification needed]
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union
Work that employs people against their will
Ukrainian Ostarbeiters from Kyiv Oblast depart to Nazi Germany to serve as labor force, 1942
Forced_labour
City in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine
November and beginning of December 1941. “Recruitment” of civilians as Ostarbeiter began in December 1941. In 1950, about twelve Italian POWs (prisoners
Yenakiieve
Displaced person
Soviet Union in Western Europe. About 3 million had been forced laborers (Ostarbeiters) in Germany and occupied territories. The Soviet POWs and the Vlasov
Refugee
Ethnic Ukrainians or Ukrainian citizens residing in Germany
Germany as refugees, prisoners of war, deportees or forced labourers (Ostarbeiter). In 1944, a central representation of Ukrainians from the Reichskommissariat
Ukrainians_in_Germany
Defunct aircraft manufacturer of Germany
parts for aircraft, known as Bobrek concentration camp. It employed ostarbeiter slave workers as well as Auschwitz prisoners. The main factory to which
Siemens-Schuckert
French "foreign workers" (Fremdarbeiter) and Russian "eastern workers" (Ostarbeiter). The key to the Flak area were three huge Flak towers (Flaktürme), which
Bombing of Berlin in World War II
Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II
Person who migrates to pursue work
guest workers, military internees, Zivilarbeiter (civilian workers), Ostarbeiter (Eastern workers) and Hilfswillige ("volunteer") POW workers. The great
Migrant_worker
Defunct German corporation
citizens. By January 1945, there were 989 forced laborers, 643 of them Ostarbeiter, predominantly from Ukraine, and 316 Westarbeiter from France and the
Ernst_Leitz_GmbH
Chancellor of Germany (1920, 1928–1930)
academia.edu. Retrieved 26 September 2014. The order to transport these Ostarbeiter (and therefore for their liquidation) came from the Arbeitsamt Commission
Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)
Hermann_Müller_(politician,_born_1876)
Town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Peter Pauselius: Dokumentation über die Kriegsgefangenen, Fremd- und Ostarbeiter in Preetz 1939-1946, in: Francia, 25/3, 1998, S.286ff., ISBN 3-928326-12-0
Preetz
Unfree labor in concentration camps operated by Nazi Germany
specifications. Concentration camp prisoners worked under harsher conditions than Ostarbeiters and other foreign forced laborers.[citation needed] At its height at
Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps
Forced_labor_in_Nazi_concentration_camps
1944 Soviet ethnic cleansing and genocide
population. Thousands of Crimean Tatars were forcibly transferred to work as Ostarbeiter in German factories under the supervision of the Gestapo in what were
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars
the children of disabled and mentally ill persons. Forced abortions of Ostarbeiter for instance was referenced in documents from the Trials of War Criminals
Abortion_in_Germany
(blue eyes, light hair) would be allowed to serve Germans as slaves (Ostarbeiter). Some recent estimates raise the number of Belarusians who perished
Consequences_of_Nazism
the camp was established in early 1942 to house foreign forced labor (Ostarbeiter), it is most notable in Holocaust history for its role during the 1944
Strasshof_concentration_camp
Nazi policies regarding the role of women in German society
Female slave worker wearing an Ostarbeiter badge at the former SS Osti Arbeitslager camp in occupied Poland, January 1945
Women_in_Nazi_Germany
Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Ukrainians
executions. An estimated 2.2 million Ukrainians were deported to work as Ostarbeiter (“Eastern workers”) in Germany under slave-like conditions. Nazi propaganda
Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment
1968 history book by William Manchester
und Nebel program, or civilians recruited from occupied countries as ostarbeiters. The surviving former slaves were not compensated adequately after the
The_Arms_of_Krupp
WW2 persecution of returning Soviet POWs
Further, in 1945, about 100 filtration camps were set for repatriated Ostarbeiter, POWs, and other displaced persons, which processed more than 4,000,000
Soviet repressions against former prisoners of war
Soviet_repressions_against_former_prisoners_of_war
Method of political repression in the Soviet Union
resistance to Soviet power, which was classified as "banditism". Some former Ostarbeiters were "filtered" into exile as well. "Cleansing" of the annexed territories
Special settlements in the Soviet Union
Special_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union
Return of a thing or person to their country
aircraft. At the same time 905 evacuees departed by sea. Fields, Paul. "Ostarbeiters". Coffee Lounge. Retrieved January 11, 2015. Repatriates, refugees, or
Repatriation
Russian geographer and historian
– М.: Ваш выбор ЦИРЗ, 1996. – 442 pp. (Victims of Two Dictatorships. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (in Russian) Westarbeiters
Pavel_Polian
laborers from the arriving transports of the Jews. In Fall 1943 all nearby Ostarbeiter labor camps were formally resubordinated from Ostindustrie to Majdanek
Lublin_airfield_camp
1977 book by Nikolai Tolstoy
Wehrmacht; POWs; Hiwis (German Army auxiliaries); and slave laborers (Ostarbeiter). Tolstoy structures the Victims of Yalta as a formal, linear, and document-driven
Victims_of_Yalta
two French soldiers, a Dutch resistance member, and three unidentified Ostarbeiter. There was one survivor, 34-year old Johann Goral, a Polish labourer
List of killings by law enforcement officers in pre-reunification Germany
List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_pre-reunification_Germany
Ukrainian military officer and politician (1890–1964)
attempting to obtain information about occupied-Ukraine from Ukrainian Ostarbeiter and refusing to sign a statement-declaration saying that he would stop
Andriy_Melnyk_(officer)
Political faction in Ukraine from 1940
Ukrainians under German control at the time, including over a million Ostarbeiter. Dissatisfied with the progress and value of these negotiations, Melnyk
Melnykites
Bilateral relations
Ukrainian Ostarbeiters from Kyiv Oblast depart to Nazi Germany to serve as labor force, 1942
Germany–Ukraine_relations
German Nazi politician and war criminal (1907–1972)
Reinhard, the Germanization process and the brutal measures used to recruit Ostarbeiter (Eastern workers), and he made suggestions for improvement (Verbesserungsvorschlägen)
Albert_Hoffmann_(Nazi)
Primate of the Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
In 1943 the young Ivan Brucki was sent by the Nazis to Germany as an ostarbeiter. Having avoided repatriation in 1947, Ivan Brucki graduated from a gymnasium
Iziaslav_Brutskiy
Ukrainian-American history professor (1919–2006)
Ahatanhel Krymsky. During World War II, Pritsak was taken to the west as a Ostarbeiter. Following the war, he studied at the universities in Berlin and Göttingen
Omeljan_Pritsak
Ukrainian writer and politician (1906–1963)
in Neu-Ulm, Germany wrote a pamphlet that had a massive impact on ex-Ostarbeiter and prisoners of war, Why I Am Not Going Back to the Soviet Union. The
Ivan_Bahrianyi
Nazi German forced labour internment in WWII
civilian men and women from occupied territories of Eastern Europe (Ostarbeiter); prisoners of war; institutionalized people (mentally or physically
Arbeitseinsatz
Memorial in Wolfhagen, Germany
Gedenkstätte für die zwischen 1939-1945 ins Wolfhager Land verschleppten "Ostarbeiter" in: Jahrbuch Landkreis Kassel, S. 60. Wikimedia Commons has media related
Memorial to the forced labourers deported to Wolfhagen between 1939 and 1945
Memorial_to_the_forced_labourers_deported_to_Wolfhagen_between_1939_and_1945
2023 video game
year-old Soviet girl Asya. She and her mother became forced laborers, Ostarbeiter, after the German army was attacking their home in the Soviet Union.
Torn_Away
Nazi word for interracial contacts
danger to their "blood" (i.e. racial purity). Particularly with the Ostarbeiters, all sexual relations, even those that did not result in pregnancy, were
Rassenschande
Ideological basis for Austria (1949–1988)
and industries, Austria admitted its debts towards Jews ($480 mln) and Ostarbeiters ($420 mln). For the first time in Austrian history, this program of restitution
Austria_victim_theory
Form of German economic exploitation in World War II
they quickly realized that they had been deceived. The vast majority of ostarbeiters were forcibly sent to Germany. Using the army and local police, the Germans
Deportation of Soviet citizens for forced labour to Germany
Deportation_of_Soviet_citizens_for_forced_labour_to_Germany
German printing press manufacturer
service, a maximum of around 150 French and Soviet prisoners of war and Ostarbeiter were deployed during the war. At this time, they made up 23% of the total
Heidelberger_Druckmaschinen
Town in Hesse, Germany
along with those known as "Half-Jews" under the Nuremberg Laws and Ostarbeiter ("Eastern workers") were murdered. Today a memorial recalls these crimes
Hadamar
Ukrainian newspaper headquartered in Vienna (1940–1945)
Krakivs'ki Visti was distributed in Nazi Germany among the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter workers for the purpose of indoctrination especially after the anti-Soviet
Krakivs'ki_Visti
Person working in a country where they do not have citizenship
guest workers, military internees, Zivilarbeiter (civilian workers), Ostarbeiter (Eastern workers) and Hilfswillige ("volunteer") POW workers. The significant
Foreign_worker
State-ordered displacement
when Soviet troops moved into East Prussia, large numbers of enslaved Ostarbeiter ("Eastern workers") were freed, and knowledge of the suffering and deaths
Evacuation_of_East_Prussia
German bicycle brand
Diamant. diamantrad.com Erinnerungsbericht Hanna H.20 Februar 1942: Die "Ostarbeiter"-Erlasse zwangsarbeit-archiv.de, retrieved 1 August 2017. Datierung Diamant
Diamant (German bicycle company)
Diamant_(German_bicycle_company)
Swiss literary prize
воспоминаниях и устных рассказах OST: Letters, Memoirs and Stories from Ostarbeiter in Nazi Germany Winner Frank Huyler White Hot Light: Twenty-five Years
Jan_Michalski_Prize
approximately 100,000 residents, primarily young people, to Germany as Ostarbeiter to work in the German war industry. Cultural and historical heritage
Bombings and destruction of Kyiv 1941–1942
Bombings_and_destruction_of_Kyiv_1941–1942
Partisan action during World War II
lives.[need quotation to verify] Some of the victims were killed by the Ostarbeiter, who used the raid to take their revenge. The Poles deliberately spared
Raid_on_Mittenheide
Rural locality in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
German occupation Reichskommissariat Ukraine 300 youths were taken as Ostarbeiter and 700 Jews were killed in a Ghetto on the outskirts of Lyatske village
Holohory, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast
Holohory,_Zolochiv_Raion,_Lviv_Oblast
Ethnic group
Following the war, many Ukrainian prisoners from concentration camps and Ostarbeiter were brought to Sweden by the Red Cross. Some Ukrainian refugees from
Ukrainians_in_Sweden
Forced-labor workers in Nazi Germany
and not included in the General Government (see Kresy) were treated as Ostarbeiters. The history of Polish Zivilarbeiters dates back to October 1939, when
Zivilarbeiter
or a shortage of qualified workers in wartime. Similarly, about 1,000 Ostarbeiter were employed in Luxembourg's iron and steel industry, and their working
Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany
Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany
Overview of the architecture in Leipzig
with 154,119 workers and employees, including 43,905 foreigners and Ostarbeiter. In addition to the ERLA company, one of the largest companies was the
Architecture_of_Leipzig
to tap into the manpower of roughly two million Ukrainian refugees, Ostarbeiter, and prisoners-of-war, with Ukrainian nationalist leaders released from
Ukrainian liberation movement (1920–1950)
Ukrainian_liberation_movement_(1920–1950)
Russian Axis collaborator and educator
topics included the Russian Liberation Army and propagandisation of Ostarbeiter slave camps. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Vladimir_Samarin
Redesignation of Prisoners of War to avoid Geneva Convention responsibilities
disruption of agriculture when the war was over. After the release of Ostarbeiters, slave laborers that were Soviet POWs and Eastern Europeans, extreme
Disarmed_Enemy_Forces
1920 Schmitzberger, Tobias. "„Derzeit haben wir in unserem Lager 130 Ostarbeiter." Das überwiegend weibliche Gollinger Zwangsarbeitslager der Hanf-, Jute-
HITIAG
Aspect of the German occupation of Guernsey
Militärinternierte (military internees), Zivilarbeiter (civilian workers), Ostarbeiter (Eastern workers), and Hilfswillige ("volunteer") POW workers. Volunteer
German fortification of Guernsey
German_fortification_of_Guernsey
Soviet Army soldier (1927–2022)
with anti-fascist slogans in German in his house, and sent him as an Ostarbeiter to Germany. On his way to Germany, he fled captivity while in Brest,
Vladimir_Kuts_(soldier)
anchored in the raft harbour and served as accommodation for female "Ostarbeiter" (forced labourers from Eastern Europe) of the Erdal company and other
Ingelheimer_Aue
Greek communist leader
Occupation, 1941-44. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300089233. See Ostarbeiter Hatzis, Thanassis (1983). Η νικηφόρα επανασταση που χάθηκε [The victorious
Thanasis_Hatzis
American scholars
Soviet Union during the last war, (2) former forced laborers, so-called Ostarbeiter, and prisoners-of-war, (3) defectors who fled the Soviet Armed Forces
Ivan D. London and Miriam London
Ivan_D._London_and_Miriam_London
Belarusian politician
beginning of the German-Soviet War. To avoid deportation to Germany as an Ostarbeiter, Filistovič joined the Belarusian Auxiliary Police in 1943 but was not
Janka_Filistovič
German resistance fighter (1897–1942)
and the university system; the dark role of the Institute of German Ostarbeiter as the driver of cultural rescheduling; the relocation and the sacking
Rudolf_von_Scheliha
Ukrainian WWII massacre memorials around the world
disputes over its specific location and scope of activities. Monument to Ostarbeiters and concentration camp prisoners; installed in 2005 at the corner of
Babi_Yar_memorials
Ethnic group
of the Polish and Soviet armies, persons who had worked in Germany as Ostarbeiters during the World War II, former émigrés who left Belarus shortly after
Belarusian_Australians
Kamianets-Podilsky 009 Rayisa Murynets kolkhoz imeni Kirova/Ruda No/ostarbeiter in 1944 18 Slavuta 010 Yakov Sharaburko Commander of the 5th Cavalry
1938 Ukrainian Supreme Soviet election
1938_Ukrainian_Supreme_Soviet_election
Ukrainian choreographer (1914–2011)
Berezowsky had to participate in dance performances for German soldiers and Ostarbeiters from Central and Eastern Europe. After the end of World War II, the Berezowskys
Marina_Berezowsky
Overview of the steel industry of Luxembourg
the Wehrmacht. Thus, from Autumn 1942 onwards, hundreds of so-called Ostarbeiter were taken from the occupied territories of Eastern Europe to Luxembourg
Steel_industry_in_Luxembourg
OSTARBEITER
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OSTARBEITER
Boy/Male
Sikh
Absorbed in gods name
Girl/Female
Tamil
Exited
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Luminous; Pilgrimage Spot
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English, French, German
Axe-wolf
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Lord Rama's Brother
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Immortal; Deathless
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Queen of Joy; Smiling in Happiness
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Great Speech
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Truth
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Czech, Danish, English, German, Italian, Russian
Prosperous Guardian; Feminine of Ned; Born on Sunday
OSTARBEITER
OSTARBEITER
OSTARBEITER
OSTARBEITER
OSTARBEITER