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Class of proteins involved in axon guidance
Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. They are named after the Sanskrit word "netr", which means "one who guides". Netrins are genetically
Netrin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTN1 gene. Netrin is included in a family of laminin-related secreted proteins. The function of
Netrin_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin receptor DCC, also known as DCC, or colorectal cancer suppressor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DCC gene. DCC has long been implicated
Netrin_receptor_DCC
Protein family
for netrins including UNC-6. Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. UNC-5 uses repulsion to direct axons while the other netrin receptor
UNC-5
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens. Integrin beta 1 is
Integrin_beta_1
Set of proteins
rodents in 1994 have determined that netrins are vital to guidance cues. The vertebrate orthologue of UNC-6, netrin-1 was determined to be a key guidance
UNC_(biology)
Medical condition
and RAD51 (recombination protein A). DCC encodes a receptor for NTN1 (netrin-1), a protein thought to be responsible for axon guidance and neuronal cell
Congenital mirror movement disorder
Congenital_mirror_movement_disorder
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin-5 (NTN5), also known as netrin-1-like protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTN5 gene. Netrin-5 is included in the family of secreted
NTN5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin receptor UNC5C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC5C gene. This gene product belongs to the UNC-5 family of netrin receptors. Netrins
UNC5C
Embryonic structure
transfection of Netrin-1 and Netrin-2, two secreted proteins, into Cos cells has similar effects. Further research confirmed that Netrins act as attractant
Floor_plate_(biology)
with netrin-1 loss-of-function exhibit severe disruption in commissural axon migration; this experiment established the importance of Netrin-1 in guidance
Tropic cues involved in growth cone guidance
Tropic_cues_involved_in_growth_cone_guidance
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin receptor UNC5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC5A gene. UNC5A belongs to a family of netrin-1 (MIM 601614) receptors thought to
UNC5A
Type of cell within the eye
Holt C (September 1999). "Growth-cone attraction to netrin-1 is converted to repulsion by laminin-1". Nature. 401 (6748): 69–73. Bibcode:1999Natur.401
Retinal_ganglion_cell
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin. ITGA3 encodes the integrin alpha 3 chain. Integrins are heterodimeric
Integrin_alpha_3
Critical protein in embryonic development
is an axonal chemoattractant that collaborates with netrin-1 in midline axon guidance". Cell. 113 (1): 11–23. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00199-5. PMID 12679031
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
Movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus
response in organisms, Tetrahymena thermophila adapt to a chemorepellent, Netrin-1 peptide, within 10 minutes of exposure; however, exposure to chemorepellents
Chemotaxis
Medical intervention
tumor microenvironment can also be targeted by radioimmunotherapy, such as Netrin-1 (an axon guidance protein) and FAP (a marker for cancer associated fibroblasts)
Radioimmunotherapy
French biologist
whereas in the presence of their netrin-1 ligand, they transduce classical "positive" signals, in the absence of netrin-1, they actively trigger apoptosis
Patrick_Mehlen
Buffer solution used in biochemistry
immunohistochemistry protocol for detecting the guidance cue Netrin-1 in neural tissue". MethodsX. 5: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.mex.2017.12.001. PMC 5737949. PMID 29276694
Tris-buffered_saline
Neuroscience field
attracted by Netrin and repelled by Slit. However, as axons approach the midline, the repellent action of Slit is suppressed by Robo-3/Rig-1 receptor. Once
Axon_guidance
British developmental neuroscientist
studies have found that netrin-1, DCC, and laminin-1 are key players in axon guidance from the retina. For example, netrin-1 is both a chemoattractant
Christine_Holt
Large actin extension of a developing neurite seeking its synaptic target
depending on context. A prime example of this is Netrin-1, which signals attraction through the Netrin receptor DCC and repulsion through the UNC-5 receptor
Growth_cone
Class of four receptor proteins to the molecule adenosine
activity in the presence of adenosine. This protein also interacts with netrin-1, which is involved in axon elongation. In the brain, A2B receptor activation
Adenosine_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
Y, Sun DM, Zhao ZQ, et al. (November 2004). "Focal adhesion kinase in netrin-1 signaling". Nature Neuroscience. 7 (11): 1204–1212. doi:10.1038/nn1330
PTK2
French cell biologist (born 1968)
concerning clinical therapies relating to cancer. In particular, her work on Netrin-1, the antibody developed by her team, is an antitumor product that has been
Agnès_Bernet
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin-G1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTNG1 gene. Netrin G1 (NTNG1) belongs to a conserved family of proteins that act as axon guidance
Netrin_G1
Subtype of glial cell in the central nervous system
Neuroscience. 92 (1): 83–95. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00751-9. PMID 10392832. S2CID 10924179. Birey F, Aguirre A (April 2015). "Age-Dependent Netrin-1 Signaling
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Chen ZF, Song HJ, Mei L, Xiong WC (Nov 2004). "Focal adhesion kinase in netrin-1 signaling". Nat. Neurosci. 7 (11): 1204–12. doi:10.1038/nn1330. PMID 15494733
NEO1
Protein involved in DNA repair
(2017-01-06). "A novel role for the DNA repair gene Rad51 in Netrin-1 signalling". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 39823. Bibcode:2017NatSR...739823G. doi:10.1038/srep39823
RAD51
French researcher (born 1967)
Delloye-Bourgeois, Céline; Chédotal, Alain (2011). "Novel roles for Slits and netrins: Axon guidance cues as anticancer targets?". Nature Reviews Cancer. 11
Alain_Chédotal
Protein in the extracellular matrix
cues. For example, growth cones are repelled by netrin when grown on laminin-111 but are attracted to netrin when grown on fibronectin.[citation needed] This
Laminin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulation of fetal and embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons by Netrin-1 and Slits". Stem Cells. 24 (11): 2504–13. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0119
SLIT3
Cell surface receptor found in humans
activity in the presence of adenosine. This protein also interacts with netrin-1, which is involved in axon elongation. The gene is located near the Smith-Magenis
Adenosine_A2B_receptor
Involuntary muscle contraction in response to another muscle moving
account for about 35 percent of cases. In DCC mutation, impaired or missing netrin 1 receptor protein impairs control of axon growth during nervous system development
Synkinesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Netrin-G2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTNG2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196358 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release
Netrin_G2
Proteins that mediate programmed cell death
PMID 21139137. S2CID 206673626. Mazelin L; et al. (September 2004). "Netrin-1 controls colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis". Nature. 431
Dependence_receptor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
regulation of fetal and embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons by Netrin-1 and Slits". Stem Cells. 24 (11): 2504–13. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0119
SLIT1
Formation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
in synaptic specificity and synaptogenesis. In studying Netrin, one study found that Netrin is not needed for long-range guidance decision, but is used
Synaptogenesis
Endogenous tag expressed in different cells along neurogenesis and differentiated cells
Molecular Biology. Vol. 714. pp. 103–123. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-005-8_7. ISBN 978-1-61779-004-1. PMID 21431737. Graus, F.; Ferrer, I. (1990). "Analysis
Neuronal_lineage_marker
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Shootin 1 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the SHTN1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187164 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release
Shootin_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(COOH-terminal domain) contains the netrin-related domain. Netrin is a regulator of apoptosis; the SFRP1 netrin-related motif is also found in a range
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1
Secreted_frizzled-related_protein_1
Phylum of marine deuterostome animals
are also present in S. kowalevskii, such as a netrin that groups with netrin gene class 1 and 2. Netrin is important in patterning of the neural system
Hemichordate
Long projection on a neuron that conducts signals to other neurons
family receptors converts netrin-induced growth cone attraction to repulsion". Cell. 97 (7): 927–41. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80804-1. PMID 10399920. S2CID 18043414
Axon
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of Drosophila may be one of the molecules involved in counteracting the netrin-dependent chemoattraction between neuronal processes during the neural development
DSCAM
Part of the vertebral column in animals
the sulcus limitans. Additionally, the floor plate also secretes netrins. The netrins act as chemoattractants to decussation of pain and temperature sensory
Spinal_cord
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function peptidase activity netrin receptor activity Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane
UNC5CL
Part of the brain where the optic nerves cross
development, the crossing of the optic nerves is guided primarily by cues such as netrin, slit, semaphorin and ephrin; and by morphogens such as sonic hedgehog (Shh)
Optic_chiasm
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2000). "Netrin-G1: a novel glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked mammalian netrin that is functionally divergent from classical netrins". J. Neurosci
LRRC4
Mexican biochemist and academic
protein Netrin G1 promoted tumorgenesis by providing nutritional support and immunity to cancer-associated fibroblasts. She has shown that anti-Netrin G1 antibodies
Edna_Cukierman
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. The secreted, netrin domain-containing protein encoded by this gene is involved in regulation
TIMP4
Microtubule element of the tubulin family
(guanylate binding protein 1) and a panel of an additional 19 kinases having prosurvival activity including PIM1 (Proviral Integration Site 1) and NEK6 (NIMA-related
Tubulin_beta-3_chain
homolog Slit-Robo and the associated Netrin-Frazzled SMURF1 and SMURF2, SMAD Ubiquitination Regulatory Factor 1/2, interacts with Mothers against decapentaplegic
List of unusual biological names
List_of_unusual_biological_names
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Expression of this gene is induced in response to mitogenic stimulation and this netrin domain-containing protein is localized to the ECM. Mutations in this gene
TIMP3
Projection from the cell body of a neuron
identified and characterized. Among the known extracellular growth signals are netrin, a midline chemoattractant, and semaphorin, ephrin and collapsin, all inhibitors
Neurite
Each side of the forebrain represents the opposite side of the body
guidance of the mammalian Trochlear and Phrenic nerves: Dependence on the Netrin receptor Unc5c and modifier loci". J. Neurosci. 26 (21): 5756–5766. doi:10
Contralateral_brain
selection, stabilization and remodeling along with several proteins such as netrins, semaphorins and other Ig-CAMs. The human homolog is STAB2. Fasciclin domain
Fasciclin_2
Enzyme
other proteins have similar inhibitory effects, however none as effective (netrins, procollagen C-terminal proteinase enhancer (PCPE), reversion-inducing
Metalloprotease_inhibitor
the sulcus limitans. Additionally, the floor plate also secretes netrins. The netrins act as chemoattractants to decussation of pain and temperature sensory
Neuromere
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
homologs of the Drosophila seven in absentia (sina) gene". Genomics. 46 (1): 103–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4997. PMID 9403064. Hu G, Zhang S, Vidal M
SIAH1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFIKKN2 gene. The WFIKKN1 protein
WFIKKN2
Protein family
transcription complexes integrate neuronal growth with guidance cues such as netrin to facilitate the formation of new synapses, helping to build neural circuits
NFAT
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
L, Cochant-Priollet B, et al. (2003). "Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors". Int. J. Cancer. 103
ROBO1
Processes which grow and shape an organism's nervous tissue over its lifetime(s)
guidance forces for growing axons - Chemoattraction (through the use of Netrins), Chemorepulsion ( through the use of secreted Semaphorins), Contact attraction
Development of the nervous system
Development_of_the_nervous_system
Human chromosome
thiolesterase) UGDH-AS1: encoding protein UGDH antisense RNA 1 UGT8: UDP glycosyltransferase 8 UNC5C: netrin receptor UNC5C UPF0602: encoding UPF0602 Protein C4orf47
Chromosome_4
pioneer axons include netrin, ephrin, semaphorin, Slit-Robo, and Notch. Receptors for these molecules have also been studied. Netrins primarily function
Pioneer_axon
American professor
Kelsey C. (January 8, 2015). "Neuron-wide RNA transport combines with netrin-mediated local translation to spatially regulate the synaptic proteome"
Kelsey_Martin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(1): 223–8. doi:10.1515/BC.2002.023. PMID 11928817. S2CID 37069938. "Entrez Gene: WFIKKN1 WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain
WFIKKN1
Protein-coding gene in humans
Liepinsh E, Banyai L, Pintacuda G, et al. (2003). "NMR structure of the netrin-like domain (NTR) of human type I procollagen C-proteinase enhancer defines
PCOLCE
Hypothesis in developmental biology
conserved domains of expression. The neural patterning genes vnd, ind, msh, and netrin are expressed in the Drosophila ventral nerve cells and midline mesectoderm
Inversion (evolutionary biology)
Inversion_(evolutionary_biology)
Biological process
either repel or attract specific neurons. Some signal proteins such as netrins, semaphorins, neurotrophins and fibroblast growth factors have been identified
Chemotropism
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
repeats (LRRs) at the N-terminal region, ZU5 domains (found in ZO-1 and Unc5-like netrin receptors) in the middle section, and a death domain (DD) at the
LRDD
American neuroscientist and geneticist
Unc5c gene. The gene product of Unc5c is the Unc5c protein, a neurological netrin receptor. Her research on Unc5c protein revealed that the protein is integral
Susan Ackerman (neuroscientist)
Susan_Ackerman_(neuroscientist)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(sina) gene". Genomics. 46 (1): 103–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4997. PMID 9403064. Hu G, Fearon ER (January 1999). "Siah-1 N-terminal RING domain is required
SIAH2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Neilson J, Tessier-Lavigne M, Crabtree GR (May 2003). "Neurotrophins and netrins require calcineurin/NFAT signaling to stimulate outgrowth of embryonic
NFATC4
Researcher, Yale University School of Medicine
roadmap for these connections to be made through the signaling molecule netrin. In 2008, Colón-Ramos became an assistant professor at Yale University School
Daniel_Colón-Ramos
Human gene
(FIKMNY) and Aliphatic hydrophobic (LVIFM). The protein has three domains: Netrin-like domain, PRK07764 (DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau) and TIMP-like_OB-fold
C17orf58
accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In 2009, a combination of Slit-Robo and Netrin-Frazzled signaling in Drosophila was shown to govern the establishment of
Slit-Robo
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
class of cell adhesion receptor, and to the cytoplasmic domains of the netrin receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin (Neo1). Although
MYO10
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. Kang JS, Yi MJ, Zhang W, et al. (2004). "Netrins and neogenin promote myotube
BOC_(gene)
Directional movement of a cell away from a substance
of the chemorepellents that affect neuronal cell migration, including netrins, semaphorins, slit ligands, and ephrins have recently been implicated in
Chemorepulsion
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
Female
Greek
Feminine form of Greek Nêreus, NERINE means "daughter of Nereus" or "sea sprite" or "wet one." It is also the name of a genus of plants native to South Africa but now spread worldwide. It is a bulb plant that produces beautiful pink funnel-shaped flowers in the fall, similar to the Belladonna Lily, though smaller. In use by the English.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
A field of wild roses
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wild rose, Blue scented flower (1)
Female
Turkish
Turkish form of Persian Nasrin, NESRIN means "wild rose."
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Nerio, NERINA means "water."
Female
German
Pet form of German Katarine, KATRIN means "pure."
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the Middle English, Old French personal name Perrin, a pet form of French Pierre (see Peter).A Perrin from Brittany is documented in Montreal in 1661. Secondary surnames associated with Perrin are Garao, Duteau, and Languedoc.
Male
Welsh
Welsh name derived from the Celtic byname Cethin, GETHIN means "dark, swarthy."
Girl/Female
Muslim
A field of wild roses
Female
Welsh
Welsh form of Old French Caterine, CATRIN means "pure."
Male
Welsh
Late variant spelling of Welsh Neirin, possibly derived from a word related to Irish Gaelic nár, ANEIRIN means "modest, noble."Â
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, German, Muslim, Turkish
Field of Wild Roses
Girl/Female
Australian, Celtic, Irish
Peace; An Ancient and Poetic Name for Ireland; Form of Erin
Male
Welsh
Older form of Welsh Aneirin, possibly derived from a word related to Irish Gaelic nár, NEIRIN means "modest, noble." Neirin ap Dwywei was the name of the Welsh poet who wrote the Book of Aneirin and Y Gododdin.
Female
English
Feminine form of Greek Nereus, NERINE means "daughter of Nereus" or "sea sprite" or "wet one." It is also the name of a genus of plants native to South Africa but now spread worldwide. It is a bulb plant that produces beautiful pink funnel-shaped flowers in the fall, similar to the Belladonna Lily, though smaller. In use by the English.
Male
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Aneirin, ANEURIN means "modest, noble."
Male
French
Pet form of French Pierre, PERRIN means "rock, stone."
Female
Persian/Iranian
(نسرین) Persian name NASRIN means "wild rose."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Sanskrit
Beautiful Eyes
Girl/Female
Indian
A field of wild roses
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Seeker of Source
Female
English
Feminine form of English Edwin, EDWINA means "rich friend."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Girl/Female
Persian
Heaven.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Gracious; Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord of Bulls
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, Latin
Star
Surname or Lastname
Norwegian
Norwegian : habitational name from a farmstead named from Old Norse nór ‘narrows’ (see Nohr 1), or, in Nordfjord, a compound of nór + á ‘small river’.English : probably a habitational name from Nore in Surrey.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German, Greek
Wealthy; Happy; Prosperity; Battle
Girl/Female
Indian
Bring light in the darkness (She is the wife of Sekhar)
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
NETRIN 1
pl.
of Neuron
imp. & p. p.
of Detain
v. t.
To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like.
imp. & p. p.
of Retain
n.
See Dextrin.
v. t.
To put aboard a railway train; as, to entrain a regiment.
v. t.
To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric oxide; nitric acid.
n.
A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.
imp. & p. p.
of Betrim
n.
Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See Dextrin.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Detain
a.
Tetric.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Betrim
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Retain
a.
Of or pertaining to the meter as a standard of measurement; of or pertaining to the decimal system of measurement of which a meter is the unit; as, the metric system; a metric measurement.
n.
See Neurine.
v. t.
To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage; as, to retain a counselor.
a.
Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine Epistles.