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Expenses of film production
Negative cost is the net expense to produce and shoot a film, excluding such expenditures as distribution and promotion. Low-budget movies, for example
Negative_cost
In economics, an imposed cost or benefit
example of a negative externality is environmental pollution. Pigou argued that a tax, equal to the marginal damage or marginal external cost, (later called
Externality
premiere. Fox claimed the film had cost in total $44 million, of which $31,115,000 represented the direct negative cost and the rest distribution, print
List of highest-grossing films
List_of_highest-grossing_films
Financial leverage
positively geared (the rental income is greater than the interest cost). The tax treatment of negative gearing (also termed "rental loss offset against other income")
Negative_gearing
Mathematical optimization problem
f(u,v)} and cost a ( u , v ) {\displaystyle a(u,v)} , with most minimum-cost flow algorithms supporting edges with negative costs. The cost of sending
Minimum-cost_flow_problem
costs can change during the production process. Listed below is the net negative cost: the costs of the actual filming, not including promotional costs (i
List_of_most_expensive_films
Cost added by producing one additional unit of a product or service
economics, marginal cost (MC) is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced is increased, i.e. the cost of producing additional
Marginal_cost
2024 studio album by Poppy
Negative Spaces is the sixth studio album by American singer Poppy. It was released through Sumerian Records on November 15, 2024. Poppy co-wrote all the
Negative_Spaces
Marginal cost of reducing pollution
Abatement cost is the cost of reducing environmental negatives such as pollution. Marginal cost is an economic concept that measures the cost of an additional
Marginal_abatement_cost
Person supervising the making of a film
case of a negative test screening, producers may even demand an alternative film ending. For example, when the audience reacted negatively to Rambo's
Film_producer
Visual art consisting of moving images
was changed after a negative response from the test screening is 1982's First Blood. After the test audience responded very negatively to the death of protagonist
Film
Unrecoverable cost that has been incurred
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered
Sunk_cost
Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1920–1929)
University of California Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-520-03068-8. The negative cost was about $986,000, which did not include Fairbanks' own salary. Once
1920s
Capturing moving images on electronic media
camcorders, allow for the production of professional studio-quality videos at low cost, rivaling those large studios. As a result, many major studios have ceased
Videography
Type of dieting food
A negative-calorie food is food that supposedly requires more food energy to be digested than the food provides. Its thermic effect or specific dynamic
Negative-calorie_food
Film by Jonathan Hensleigh
support to lower-budget pics in exchange for a financial stake in the negative cost. Screenwriter Jonathan Hensleigh signed on in April 2002, and The Punisher
The_Punisher_(2004_film)
Hollywood agent, producer, and studio head (1936-2008)
tenure was The Karate Kid Part II with a gross of $115 million on a negative cost of $14 million. He greenlit Ishtar, produced by Warren Beatty for whom
Guy_McElwaine
A prospective cost is a cost that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken: Whether or not the cost is paid depends on some action. Prospective
Prospective_cost
Process of making a motion picture
against losses. For major studios, the average cost to produce a movie is about $65 million. The total cost to make a film depends on several factors, including
Filmmaking
Management accounting term
cost centre which include: Negative effects on other departments – although the cost of operating a specific department is simple to calculate, cost centres
Cost_centre
1944 Republic black-and-white serial film
(uncredited) Captain America was budgeted at $182,623, although the final negative cost was $222,906 (a $40,283, or 22.1%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Captain_America_(serial)
Financial plans for film production
films or TV shows, including the 2015 Adam Sandler film Pixels. The actual cost to produce Pixels, or the "grand total", was $129.6 million and the net budget
Film_budgeting
Method used in economic modeling
minimization (i.e. cost-efficiency) is the firm. Modeling-wise, the non-negative cost-inefficiency component is added rather than subtracted in the stochastic
Stochastic_frontier_analysis
Condition characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion
traumatic stress (STS), which is sometimes simply described as the negative cost of caring. Secondary traumatic stress is the term commonly employed
Compassion_fatigue
1941 serial by William Witney, John English
Adventures of Captain Marvel was budgeted at $135,553, although the final negative cost was $145,588 (a $10,035, or 7.4%, overspend). It was filmed between
Adventures_of_Captain_Marvel
Prices below zero
energy subsidies in some markets can more than offset the cost of selling power at negative prices, leading them to continue production even when the
Negative_pricing
Use of graphics to plan a film or story
problems before they occur. Besides this, storyboards also help estimate the cost of the overall production and save time. A storyboard can also be helpful
Storyboard
1949 film by Fred C. Brannon
Crawford Ghost of Zorro was budgeted at $165,086 although the final negative cost was $164,895 (a $191, or 0.1 percent, under-spend). It was filmed between
Ghost_of_Zorro
American environmentalist
examples of 75 percent or greater resource productivity at zero-to-negative cost, and suggests principles to help replicate those successes. Simultaneously
André_Heinz
1942 film by William Witney
channel"). Spy Smasher was budgeted at $153,682, although the final negative cost was $156,431 (a $2,749, or 1.8%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Spy_Smasher_(serial)
Proposed tax reform
one universal program. Fourthly, in theory the cost of negative income tax can be lower than the cost of existing programs mainly due to lower administrative
Negative_income_tax
1939 film by John English, William Witney
Zorro's Fighting Legion was budgeted at $137,826, although the final negative cost was $144,419 (a $6,593, or 4.8%, overspend). It was filmed between 15
Zorro's_Fighting_Legion
1949 film by Fred C. Brannon
King of the Rocket Men was budgeted at $164,984, although the final negative cost was $165,592 (a $608, or 0.4%, overspend); it was the most expensive
King_of_the_Rocket_Men
1947 serial film by Fred C. Brannon and Spencer Gordon Bennet
murdered. The Black Widow was budgeted at $168,995 although the final negative cost was $186,314 (a $17,319, or 10.2%, overspend). It was the most expensive
The_Black_Widow_(serial)
1947 film
(uncredited) Son of Zorro was budgeted at $156,745 although the final negative cost was $119,343 (a $10,022, or 6.8%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic
Son_of_Zorro
Step in film, video, audio or photography process
(direct to edit) Dubbing Film editing Film score Linear video editing Negative cutting Non-destructive editing Non-linear editing system (NLE) Offline
Post-production
Film editing technique
high cost of online suites, negative cutting is still used for commercials by reducing footage. Increasingly feature films are bypassing the negative cutting
Negative_cutting
1943 film by Spencer Gordon Bennet
budgeted at $157,110 (equivalent to $2,923,152 in 2025) although the final negative cost was $179,960 (equivalent to $3,348,294 in 2025)—a $22,850, or 14.5%
The_Masked_Marvel
1939 film serial directed by William Witney and John English
Lone Ranger Rides Again was budgeted at $193,878 although the final negative cost was $213,997 (a $20,119, or 10.4%, overspend). It was the most expensive
The_Lone_Ranger_Rides_Again
Systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives
Cost–benefit_analysis
Rise of salaries in jobs that have seen little rise of productivity
In economics, the Baumol effect, or Baumol's cost disease, first described by William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen in the 1960s, is the tendency for
Baumol_effect
1950 film by Fred C. Brannon
Flying Disc Man from Mars was budgeted at $152,640, although the final negative cost was $157,439 (a $4,799, or 3.1%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Flying_Disc_Man_from_Mars
1941 film by John English, William Witney
production number was 1096. The serial's production budget $171,415 but the negative cost rose to $177,404 (over budget by $5,989, or 3.5%). This was the most
Jungle_Girl_(serial)
2009 film by Neill Blomkamp
these elements for the feature film. QED International financed the negative cost. After the 2007 American Film Market, QED partnered with Sony's TriStar
District_9
1937 American film
henchman S O S Coast Guard was budgeted at $107,217 although the final negative cost was $128,530 (a $21,313, or 19.9%, overspend). It was the most expensive
S.O.S._Coast_Guard
Film production contract
dollar (less fees); if one holds a negative pickup contract, one essentially holds a cheque from the studio for the cost of the film, post-dated to the day
Negative_pickup_deal
1940 film by John English, William Witney
Prahni Drums of Fu Manchu was budgeted at $164,052 although the final negative cost was $166,312 (a $2,260, or 1.4%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Drums_of_Fu_Manchu
Concept in neoclassical economics
Marginal Social Cost (MSC) = Marginal Private Cost (MPC) + Marginal External Costs (MEC). Social costs can be of two types—Negative Production Externality
Social_cost
Tax on activity generating negative externalities
cost of the negative externalities, in order to correct an undesirable or inefficient market outcome (a market failure). In the presence of negative externalities
Pigouvian_tax
1937 American film
actor's names. Dick Tracy was budgeted at $112,334 although the final negative cost was $127,640 (a $15,306, or 13.6%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Dick_Tracy_(serial)
1940 film by John English, William Witney
comic strip. The serial was budgeted at $144,852 although the final negative cost was $145,961 (a $1,109, or 0.8%, overspend). 1940 was the first year
Adventures_of_Red_Ryder
1999 adult animated musical black comedy film directed by Trey Parker
adult animated films Variety reported that $21 million was only the negative cost of making the film, excluding any distribution or promotional costs
South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut
South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_&_Uncut
1943 film by Spencer Gordon Bennet
G-Men vs. The Black Dragon was budgeted at $148,445 although the final negative cost was $156,599 (a $8,154, or 5.5%, overspend). It was filmed between 26
G-Men_vs._the_Black_Dragon
Concept in linear programming and mathematical optimization
the dual cost vector. It follows directly that for a minimization problem, any non-basic variables at their lower bounds with strictly negative reduced
Reduced_cost
1944 film by Spencer Gordon Bennet
Woman. Zorro's Black Whip was budgeted at $134,899 although the final negative cost was $145,251 (a $10,352, or 7.7%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic
Zorro's_Black_Whip
1952 film by Fred C. Brannon
Radar Men from the Moon was budgeted at $172,840, although the final negative cost was $185,702 (a $12,862, or 7.4%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Radar_Men_from_the_Moon
Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-983922-3. The film's negative cost was $2.6 million, more than $1 million higher than Snow White's Barrier
List of highest-grossing animated films
List_of_highest-grossing_animated_films
1937 film by John English, William Witney
(uncredited) Zorro Rides Again was budgeted at $98,110 although the final negative cost was $110,753 (a $12,643, or 12.9%, overspend). It was filmed between
Zorro_Rides_Again
premiere. Fox claimed the film had cost in total $44 million, of which $31,115,000 represented the direct negative cost and the rest distribution, print
List of biggest box-office bombs
List_of_biggest_box-office_bombs
Measure of lifetime average net present cost of electricity generation
The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generator over its lifetime. It
Levelized_cost_of_electricity
1947 film by Thomas Carr, Fred C. Brannon
Jesse James Rides Again was budgeted at $149,967 although the final negative cost was $180,497 (a $30,530, or 20.4%, overspend). It was filmed between
Jesse_James_Rides_Again
1936 American film
Captain Undersea Kingdom was budgeted at $81,924 although the final negative cost was $99,222 (a $17,298, or 21.1%, overspend). It has the lowest budget
Undersea_Kingdom
1950 film by Fred C. Brannon
Long The Invisible Monster was budgeted at $153,070 although the final negative cost was $152,115 (a $955, or 0.6%, under spend). It was filmed between March
The_Invisible_Monster
British film production company
(1962), and the company was unable to sustain its existence. The total negative cost of its films was £1,042,157, the distributors gross was £1,820,940,
Allied_Film_Makers
Micro-budget film genre
the risk of being sued, fined or having their reputation damaged due to negative publicity. According to Yukon Film Commission Manager Mark Hill, "guerrilla
Guerrilla_filmmaking
1939 film by John English, William Witney
Daredevils of the Red Circle was budgeted at $126,855 although the final negative cost was $126,118 (a $737, or 0.6%, under spend). It was the cheapest Republic
Daredevils_of_the_Red_Circle
Film series
adventures. The Lone Ranger was budgeted at $160,315 although the final negative cost was $168,117 (a $7,802, or 4.9%, overspend). It was the most expensive
The_Lone_Ranger_(serial)
1948 film by Fred C. Brannon, Yakima Canutt
of Frank and Jesse James was budgeted at $149,985 although the final negative cost was $149,805 (a $180, or 0.1%, under spend). It was the cheapest Republic
Adventures of Frank and Jesse James
Adventures_of_Frank_and_Jesse_James
Comparison of costs of different electricity generation sources
governments in making decisions regarding energy policy. On average the levelized cost of electricity from utility scale solar power and onshore wind power is less
Cost_of_electricity_by_source
1938 American film
The Fighting Devil Dogs was budgeted at $94,656 although the final negative cost was $92,569 (a $2,087, or 2.2%, under spend) making it one of only three
The_Fighting_Devil_Dogs
1948 film by Fred C. Brannon, Yakima Canutt
Slater G-Men Never Forget was budgeted at $151,061 although the final negative cost was $151,554 (a $493, or 0.3%, overspend). It was the most expensive
G–Men_Never_Forget
Ascertainment of the value of a proposed film
mitigation was based on pre-sales, box office projections and ownership of negative rights. Along with strong ancillary markets in DVD, cable television, and
Film_finance
Cost to live based on price of necessities
The cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living for an individual or a household. Cost-of-living calculations are also used
Cost_of_living
1963 film by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
premiere. Fox claimed the film had cost in total $44 million, of which $31,115,000 represented the direct negative cost and the rest distribution, print
Cleopatra_(1963_film)
1929 film
Trespasser was produced as both a silent and sound version for a total negative cost of $725,000. Gloria Swanson, in her sound film debut, received an Academy
The_Trespasser_(1929_film)
Art of motion picture photography
stocks in reversal (which, when developed, create a positive image) and negative formats along with a wide range of film speeds (varying sensitivity to
Cinematography
1945 film by Fred C. Brannon, Spencer Gordon Bennet
Purple Monster Strikes was budgeted at $160,057 although the final negative cost was $183,803 (a $23,746, or 14.8%, overspend). It was the most expensive
The_Purple_Monster_Strikes
1942 film by William Witney
Girl). Perils of Nyoka was budgeted at $169,296 although the final negative cost was $175,010 (a $5,714, or 3.4%, overspend), making it the most expensive
Perils_of_Nyoka
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
other cases, the cost of a false negative is high, and recall may be a more valuable metric. For instance, the cost of a false negative in fraud detection
Precision_and_recall
1950 film
Desperadoes of the West was budgeted at $153,081 although the final negative cost was $150,246 (a $2,835, or 1.9%, under spend). It was the cheapest Republic
Desperadoes_of_the_West
1938 American film
(uncredited) Dick Tracy Returns was budgeted at $156,991 although the final negative cost was $170,940 (a $13,949, or 8.9%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Dick_Tracy_Returns
1946 American film by Fred C. Brannon, Spencer Gordon Bennet
thug" Daughter of Don Q was budgeted at $137,988 although the final negative cost was $140,156 (a $2,168, or 1.6%, overspend). At 1.6% overbudget this
Daughter_of_Don_Q
1954 film by Franklin Adreon
Man with the Steel Whip was budgeted at $172,794 although the final negative cost was $174,718 (a $1,924, or 1.1%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Man_with_the_Steel_Whip
1936 American film
of Joba Darkest Africa was budgeted at $107,281 although the final negative cost was $119,343 (a $12,062, or 11.2%, overspend). It was the most expensive
Darkest_Africa
1947 film by André de Toth
Western." According to Variety, the film earned $2 million, with a negative cost of $1.5 million. This made it one of the more successful films from
Ramrod_(film)
2013 film by Raja Gosnell
at $105 million, while Deadline Hollywood reported that the film's negative cost was $146 million, with $21 million gained from the production benefits
The_Smurfs_2
1944 film by Wallace Grissell, Spencer Gordon Bennet
Dayle Douglas). The serial was budgeted at $170,099 although the final negative cost was $207,856 (a $37,757, or 22.2%, overspend). It was filmed between
Haunted_Harbor
1953 film by Fred C. Brannon
Drums of Darkest Africa was budgeted at $172,840 although the final negative cost was $167,758 (a $5,082, or 2.9%, under spend). It was the most expensive
Jungle_Drums_of_Africa
1949 film by Fred C. Brannon
Agents vs. Underworld, Inc. was budgeted at $156,120 although the final negative cost was $155,807 (a $313, or 0.2%, under spend). It was the cheapest Republic
Federal Agents vs. Underworld, Inc
Federal_Agents_vs._Underworld,_Inc
1948 film by Fred C. Brannon, Yakima Canutt
of the Canadian Mounted was budgeted at $150,038 although the final negative cost was $150,130 (a $92, or 0.1%, overspend). It was filmed between 7 October
Dangers of the Canadian Mounted
Dangers_of_the_Canadian_Mounted
1943 film
Daredevils of the West was budgeted at $140,550, although the final negative cost was $167,003 (a $26,453, or 18.8%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic
Daredevils_of_the_West
1982 film by Steve Miner
seven-week-long conversion process that cost $2 million, "an amount equal to the picture's entire negative cost." The film was released internationally
Friday_the_13th_Part_III
1946 film by Spencer Gordon Bennet, Fred C. Brannon
King of the Forest Rangers was budgeted at $134,948 although the final negative cost was $137,320 (a $2,372, or 1.8%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic
King_of_the_Forest_Rangers
1938 American film
Lakes, California. The serial was budgeted for $117,987 but the final negative cost rose slightly to $121,168. Tuffie was cast when his trainer, during
Hawk_of_the_Wilderness
1945 film
Manhunt of Mystery Island was budgeted at $167,912 although the final negative cost was $182,388 (a $14,476, or 8.6%, overspend). It was filmed between
Manhunt_of_Mystery_Island
1929 film
along with that of the Mickey Mouse short The Opry House. The final negative cost $5,485.40. Variety (July 17, 1929): "Title tells the story, but not
The_Skeleton_Dance
Computer science metric of string similarity
→ sitting (insert "g" at 6) for a total cost/distance of 5 operations. Edit distance with non-negative cost satisfies the axioms of a metric, giving
Edit_distance
Algorithm for two disjoint paths in a graph
According to the resulting modified cost function, all tree edges have a cost of 0, and non-tree edges have a non-negative cost. For example: If u=B, v=E, then
Suurballe's_algorithm
Making a motion picture available to the public
these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Distributors license films to theaters granting the
Film_distribution
US-based worldwide management consulting firm
consulting on climate change and sustainability. McKinsey's curve predicts negative cost abatement strategies, which has been controversial among economists
McKinsey_&_Company
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name ZIHNA means "spins."
Female
Native American
Native American Algonquin name WIKIMAK means "wife."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHANSOMPS means "locust."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YAMKA means "blossom."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ASKOOK means "snake."
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name CHOOVIO means "antelope."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHOGAN means "blackbird."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABOOKSIGUN means "wildcat."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WAKI means "shelter."
Male
Native American
Native American Sioux name CHAYTON means "falcon."
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Demolishing Negative Energy
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABUKCHEECH means "mouse."
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WEEKO means "pretty."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ACHAK means "spirit."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YOKI means "rain."
Female
Native American
Native American name APONI means "butterfly."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WUTI means "woman."
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WITASHNAH means "virginal."
Female
Native American
Native American Dakota name ZITKALA means "bird."
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name ASHKII means "boy."
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sikh
To Find Good Soul; Name of Durga
Boy/Male
French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish
Horn
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Imbued in Naam
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
British, English
Old Leader; Old Ruler; Long Term Ruler
Boy/Male
Native American
Brave.
Boy/Male
Hindu
A sage who discovered atom
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Tamil
War like, Defense
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord of Youth
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
NEGATIVE COST
a.
Having the nature of a plant; vegetable; as, vegetive life.
a.
Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.
v. t.
To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.
a.
Denying; renouncing; negative.
a.
Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; as, a legatine constitution.
a.
Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.
a.
Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.
a.
Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject.
n.
The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.
imp. & p. p.
of Negative
a.
Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic.
a.
Of or pertaining to a legate; as, legatine power.
a.
Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative pronoun.
a.
Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.
a.
Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative.
n.
That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.
a.
Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.
a.
Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver.
adv.
In a negative manner; with or by denial.
n.
A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.