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Dani language spoken in Indonesia
Nduga is a Papuan language of the Indonesian New Guinea Highlands province of Highland Papua. Nduga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Nduga_language
Ethnic group
The Nduga people are an Indigenous ethnic group in the Central Highlands region of southern Papua, particularly in the Nduga Regency and surrounding areas
Nduga_people
Mass killing in West Papua
The Nduga massacre (Indonesian: Pembantaian Nduga) was a shooting of construction workers that occurred on 1 December 2018, in Nduga Regency, Papua (now
Nduga_massacre
Topics referred to by the same term
Nduga may refer to: Nduga language of Western New Guinea Nduga people of Highland Papua, Indonesia Nduga Regency of Highland Papua, Indonesia Nduga massacre
Nduga
2023 incident in Highland Papua, Indonesia
The Nduga hostage crisis began on 7 February 2023 when Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM) insurgents attacked a plane and
Nduga_hostage_crisis
Language spoken in Indonesia
Indonesia) is the official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca
Indonesian_language
Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea
anthropology. In linguistics, "Papuan languages" is a cover term for the diverse, mutually unrelated, non-Austronesian language families spoken in Melanesia,
Indigenous people of New Guinea
Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea
Austronesian language
Austronesian language native to several islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula on mainland Asia. The language is an official language of Brunei
Malay_language
Topics referred to by the same term
be: Central Asmat language, a Papuan language of the southern coastal plains of Indonesian New Guinea Nduga language, a Papuan language of the Indonesian
Kajakaja_language
Austronesian language spoken on Timor
Portuguese: Tétum [ˈtɛtũ]) is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is one of the official languages of Timor-Leste and it is also spoken
Tetun_language
Austronesian language
script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا, IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts
Javanese_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
is an Austronesian language of the Chamic branch natively spoken by the Acehnese people in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. This language is also spoken by Acehnese
Acehnese_language
Central Sudanic language of CAR and Chad
Wada (Wad), Nduga (Ngougua), Konga." Olson, Kenneth S. (26 August 2013). A Sketch of Lutos Phonology. 43rd Colloquium on African Languages & Linguistics
Lutos_language
Central Sudanic language branch
Yulu Core Western Fer, Gula Koto Gula Zura, 'Bu'bu, Gula Mere, Gula Sara Nduga, Luto? Sara Peripheral: Ndoka, Wad, Bagiro, Na, Tiye, Kulfa, Simé, 'Dem
Bongo–Bagirmi_languages
Proposed branch of the Austronesian language family
Philippine languages (40 languages, including Tagalog, Bikol languages and Visayan languages) Palawan languages (3 languages) Subanen languages (6 languages; sometimes
Philippine_languages
additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. The official language of Indonesia
Languages_of_Indonesia
Armed wing of the Free Papua Organization
killed and which the Indonesian government labeled "the Nduga massacre."(Indonesian: Pembantaian Nduga) On 16 July 2022, a group of around twenty TPNPB gunmen
West Papua National Liberation Army
West_Papua_National_Liberation_Army
Austronesian language spoken on Buton island, Indonesia
Cia-Cia, also known as (South) Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton
Cia-Cia_language
Austronesian language spoken in Brunei, Kalimantan, and Sarawak
The Iban language (jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, one of the Dayak ethnic groups who live in Brunei, the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan and
Iban_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Exchange, a derivatives market operated by the Nordic Growth Market Nduga language, the ISO 639-3 code ndx .ndx, one of the file types found in dBASE This
NDX_(disambiguation)
Dutch was the language used by Dutch settlers for centuries in the Indonesian archipelago, both when it was still colonized or partially colonized by the
Dutch_language_in_Indonesia
Province in Western New Guinea, Indonesia
Biak language, Lago Lakwi (Lani in Tolikara) or Logo Lakwi (Dani in Puncak), Mogo Gapil (Paniai), Kit Oba Isogoa (Wamena, Jayawijaya), Kerep Kan (Nduga),
Highland_Papua
Ethnic group of Western New Guinea
(180,000 speakers) and Walak language Ngalik language: Nduga Silimo Yali (dialect cluster) The Dani languages differentiate only two basic colours, mili
Dani_people
Family of Trans–New Guinea languages of Papua, Indonesia
Dani (upper, lower, and mid dialects) Hupla Western Dani–Walak Ngalik: Nduga Silimo Yali (dialect cluster) Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory
Baliem_Valley_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Basa Bali, Balinese script: ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ, IPA: [ˈbasə ˈbali]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Balinese people on the Indonesian island of Bali
Balinese_language
Language in Indonesia
Lampung or Lampungic (cawa Lampung) is an Austronesian language or dialect cluster with around 1.5 million native speakers, who primarily belong to the
Lampung_language
2022 mass murder in West Papua
long-barreled weapons and blades entered the Kampung of Nonggolait (or Nogolait) in Nduga Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia. The attackers opened fire on a grocer
Nogolait_shooting
Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Regencies, and Makassar. Within the Austronesian language family, Makassarese is part of the South Sulawesi language group, although its vocabulary is considered
Makassarese_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
أُوْڬِيْ, pronounced [basa.uɡi]), or simply Bugis, is an Austronesian language spoken by about 4 million people, mainly in the southern part of Sulawesi
Buginese_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Kutai or Kutainese is a Malayic language spoken by 300,000 to 500,000 people. It is the native language of the Kutai people, the indigenous ethnic group
Kutainese_language
Austronesian language family of Borneo and the Philippines
The Sama–Bajaw languages are a well-established group of languages spoken by the Sama-Bajau peoples (Aꞌa sama) of the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia
Sama–Bajaw_languages
Large Papuan language family
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to
Trans–New_Guinea_languages
Ethnic group in Indonesia
traditional area, along with ethnic groups such as the Dani, Lani, Damal, Nduga, Lem, Wano, and others. Ethnic groups in Indonesia Indigenous people of
Turu_people
Language spoken in Indonesia
to the Malayic languages, as well as to language groups spoken in Borneo such as the Land Dayak languages or the Kayan–Murik languages, based on high
Sundanese_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
script: ݒا࣪سا ماڊۅرا࣪, Carakan script: ꦧꦱꦩꦝꦸꦫ, IPA: [bʰɤsa maʈʰurɤ]) is a language of the Madurese people, native to the Madura Island and eastern part of
Madurese_language
Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra
IPA: [ˈbaso mi.naŋˈka.bau]), simply known as Minang, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, the western part of Riau, the
Minangkabau_language
Non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea and adjacent islands
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Eastern
Papuan_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra
Batak_Simalungun_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, a pluricentric
Malayic_languages
Austronesian language of the Tausug people
Súg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk, بهاس سولوق, lit. 'Language of Sulu/the Tausūg people') is an Austronesian language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines
Tausug_language
Subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken in Indonesia
The Batak languages (/ˈbatək/ BAT-ək) are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Batak people in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra
Batak_languages
Native language of Banjarese people
[basa bandʒar], [dʒaku bandʒar]) or simply Banjar, is an Austronesian language of the Malayic branch predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous
Banjarese_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Bekatiʼ (Bekatiq, Bakati) is a Dayak language of Borneo. Bekatiʼ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Tampajara, Hilarinus (2013). Kamus
Bakatiʼ_language
Languages descended from Low Malay
is a mixture of three languages: Indonesian (national language), a local language and Chinese elements (ancestry/ethnic language, particularly for certain
Malay trade and creole languages
Malay_trade_and_creole_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Kambera, also known as East Sumbanese, is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the eastern half of Sumba Island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
Kambera_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
called Umar or Goni, is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language in its putative Cenderawasih languages branch, originating from Cenderawasih Bay (Geelvink
Yeretuar_language
Austronesian language spoken in West Timor
Uab Meto or Dawan is an Austronesian language cluster spoken by the Atoni people of the Indonesian region of West Timor, as well as the East Timorese municipality
Uab_Meto_language
Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Indonesia
after two of its dialects, is the language of the Amung people and Damal people. It is a Trans–New Guinea language that forms an independent branch of
Uhunduni_languages
Austronesian language of Wetar, Indonesia
Wetarese is an Austronesian language of Wetar, an island in the south Maluku, Indonesia, and of the nearby island Liran. The four identified principal
Wetarese_language
Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia
(/ˈtoʊbə ˈbætək/) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called Batak. There are approximately
Toba_Batak_language
Austronesian (East Barito) language spoken in central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Maʼanyan Dayak, Maanyan Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the eastern branch of the Barito language family. According to the 2003 census, it is
Maʼanyan_language
Language family of Maritime Southeast Asia
(TAP) languages are a family of languages spoken in Timor, Kisar, and the Alor archipelago in Southern Indonesia. It is the westernmost Papuan language family
Timor–Alor–Pantar_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Sangir, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, Sangil, or Sangih, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao
Sangir_language
Ethnic group in Indonesia
ethnic groups in the La Pago traditional area, such as the Dani, Lani, Yali, Nduga, Walak, and others. The name nggem or gem comes from the short grass skirt
Nggem_people
Timoric language spoken in East Timor
The Galoli, or Galolen, is an language of the East Timorese with a population of around 50,000, mainly along the northern coast of the Manatuto district
Galoli_language
Mass killing in West Papua, Indonesia
The 2022 Timika killings or the Timika massacre, was the killing of four Nduga Papuans near the city of Timika, by members of the Indonesian Army and local
2022_Timika_killings
Malayic Dayak language of Borneo
Kendayan, Kanayatn, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. The exact number of speakers remains unknown, but is estimated to be around
Kendayan_language
Austronesian language spoken in West Papua
Batta (Batanta) is an Austronesian language spoken in Batanta Island, one of the Raja Ampat Islands. According to local history, some Batta speakers originated
Batta_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Teor and Kur are two Austronesian language varieties of the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian branch spoken near Kei Island, Indonesia. They are reportedly
Teor-Kur_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Ngaju (also Ngaju Dayak or Dayak Ngaju) is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Kalimantan
Ngaju_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Paro International Airport, Bhutan Paro District, Bhutan Paro, Nduga, a district in Nduga Regency, Papua Highland, Indonesia Paro, Indonesia, a village
Paro
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
largest member of the Kaili languages, which are a dialect chain within the Kaili–Pamona language family. These languages are spoken in Central Sulawesi
Ledo_Kaili_language
Dialect continuum of Malayic languages in Riau, Indonesia
a collection of Malayic languages primarily spoken by the Riau Malays in Riau and the Riau Islands in Indonesia. The language is not a single entity but
Riau_Malay_language
Austronesian language of West Papua, Indonesia
Wamesa is an Austronesian language of Indonesian New Guinea, spoken across the neck of the Doberai Peninsula or Bird's Head. There are currently 5,000–8
Wamesa_language
Military commander of Free Papua Movement
shooting, abducting teachers and medical personnel in Mapenduma [id], and Nduga massacre. In February 2022, Egianus announced that his group underwent restructuring
Egianus_Kogoya
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Land Dayak languages are a group of dozen or so languages spoken by the Bidayuh (Land Dayaks) of northwestern Borneo, and according to some sources
Land_Dayak_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Maʼya is an Austronesian language of the Raja Ampat islands in Southwest Papua, Indonesia. It is part of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) subgroup
Maʼya_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages. Ethnologue lists
Pamona_language
Language in North Maluku
Bacan Malay or Bacan is a Malayic language spoken on the island of Bacan in North Maluku province, Indonesia, by the minor Bacan people. It is an anomalous
Bacan_Malay
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Tolaki (To'olaki) is the major language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is an Austronesian language of the Celebic branch. /b/ and /d/ are optionally
Tolaki_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Buru or Buruese (Buru: li fuk Buru) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Central Maluku branch. In 1991 it was spoken by approximately 45,000 Buru people
Buru_language
Indonesian politician (1968–2020)
served as Regent of Nduga from 30 September 2011 to his death on 15 November 2020 in two consecutive terms. He was the first regent of Nduga. He died in Jakarta
Yairus_Gwijangge
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
The Nyaduʼ language, Benyaduʼ, is a Dayak language of Borneo. Sounds /c, ɟ/ may also be pronounced as affricates as [cç, ɟʝ] or [tʃ, dʒ]. Vowels are heard
Nyaduʼ_language
Language in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Austronesian language, one of six languages spoken in the central stretch of the Indonesian island of Flores. From west to east these languages are Ngadha
Ngadha_language
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages Sangiric languages Minahasan languages Celebic languages South Sulawesi languages The remaining three languages are affiliated
Languages_of_Sulawesi
Malayic language of Sumatra, Indonesia
The Kampar language (Kampar: Bahaso Kampau, Jawi: بهاسو كمڤاو), locally known as Ocu (Kampar: Bahaso Ocu), is a Malayic language spoken mainly by the
Kampar_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Biak (wós Vyak or 'Biak language'; wós kovedi or 'our language'; Indonesian: bahasa Biak), also known as Biak-Numfor, Noefoor, Mafoor, Mefoor, Nufoor,
Biak_language
Austronesian language spoken on Borneo
Buri' Tau also called the Lun Bawang language, Lundayeh language and Putoh is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs in northern Borneo. It belongs to
Lun_Bawang_language
Group of Malayic languages
The Musi languages consists of a collection of closely related Malayic varieties spoken in the eastern and northern regions of South Sumatra, as well
Musi_languages
Austronesian language native to Jakarta, Indonesia
Jakartanese, Betawi Malay, Batavian Malay, or Jakarta Malay, is the spoken language of the Betawi people in and around Jakarta, Indonesia. The name "Betawi"
Betawi_language
Papuan language in New Guinea
Abun, also known as Yimbun, Anden, Manif, or Karon Pantai, is a Papuan language spoken by the Abun people along the northern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula
Abun_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bada (also Badaʼ) is an Austronesian language spoken in the South Lore district of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Together with Napu and Behoa, it belongs
Bada_language
Languages of Indonesia
Bawean dialect, also known as Bawean language, is a dialect of Madurese language spoken predominantly by Bawean people in Bawean island. This dialect
Bawean_language
Pauwasi language spoken in Southeast Asia
Yetfa and Biksi (Biaksi; Inisine) are dialects of a language spoken in Jetfa District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia, and across
Biksi-Yetfa_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
Selayar (Basa Silajara) or Selayarese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by approximately 130,000 people of the Selayar people on the Selayar Islands
Selayar_language
Austronesian language of the Savu people in Indonesia
The Hawu language (Hawu: Lii Hawu) is the language of the Savu people of Savu Island in Indonesia and of Raijua Island off the western tip of Savu. Hawu
Hawu_language
Senagi language spoken in Papua New Guinea
Dera (Dra, Dla) a.k.a. Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily
Dera_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Ratahan (also Toratán) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The language is mainly spoken in the Southeast Minahasa region
Ratahan_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Hoti is an extinct Austronesian language of Seram, Indonesia, once spoken by the Hoti People. It was spoken by 10 elderly people in 1987, but was likely
Hoti_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Austronesian language spoken on the island of Leti in Maluku, Indonesia. Although it shares much vocabulary with the neighboring Luang language, it is marginally
Leti_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
Karo, referred to in Indonesia as Bahasa Karo (Karo language), is an Austronesian language that is spoken by the Karo people of Indonesia. It is used by
Batak_Karo_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Austronesian language spoken in South Sulawesi, Indonesia by the Toraja people. It shares the name Taeʼ with East Toraja. Most of the Toraja language mapping
Toraja-Saʼdan_language
Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Indonesia
Kamberau or Kamrau is either of two Asmat–Kamoro languages spoken in Kambrau (Kamberau) District, Kaimana Regency, West Papua Province. North Kamberau
Kamberau_language
Conflict in Indonesia
incident. This event is also known as Nduga massacre. 28 January 2019: A Kostrad soldier guarding an airport in Nduga was killed and another was injured
Timeline of the Papua conflict
Timeline_of_the_Papua_conflict
Timoric language spoken in Indonesia
Ringgou (Rikou) is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of Roti Island, off Timor, Indonesia. Ringgou at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ringgou_language
Austronesian language spoken in Flores, Indonesia
Lio (also erroneously spelled Li'o) is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half
Lio_language
Ok language of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Ninggerum is one of the Ok languages of Papua New Guinea and South Papua, Indonesia. In Indonesia, the language is called Ningrum and is spoken in Kampung
Ninggerum_language
Yam language spoken in Indonesia
distinct enough to count as separate languages. The Tamer language is closely related. Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer
Smerki_language
Austonesian language spoken in Indonesia
intelligible; Keraf (1978) reports that there are 18 languages under the name. The Lamaholot language shows evidence of a Papuan (non-Austronesian) substratum
Lamaholot_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of north-western New Guinea in Teluk Bintuni
Irarutu_language
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Saint; Yoga; Ability
Surname or Lastname
Swiss German
Swiss German : variant of Wielan (see Wieland).English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian
Lily of the Valley
Girl/Female
Indian
Perfect, Beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who is limitless and endless
Girl/Female
American, English
Jelly
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Attaining Peace through Lord's Love
Male
English
English variant spelling of Hebrew Abner, ABNAR means "father of light."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Buckle.German : patronymic from Buckel.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Pure
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
NDUGA LANGUAGE
a.
Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also, offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base; as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners.
n.
The act of translating, or rendering, from one language into another language.
n. pl.
A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Liege, and Luxembourg, and about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people. Used also adjectively.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.
n.
A list or collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and explained; a dictionary or lexicon, either of a whole language, a single work or author, a branch of science, or the like; a word-book.
n.
Literally, world's speech; the name of an artificial language invented by Johan Martin Schleyer, of Constance, Switzerland, about 1879.
n.
The vernacular, or common language.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
n.
A translation; that which is rendered from another language; as, the Common, or Authorized, Version of the Scriptures (see under Authorized); the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament.
a.
Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent.
n.
Grossness or clownishness of manners of language; absence of refinement; coarseness.
a.
Not correct or pure; corrupt; as, vicious language; vicious idioms.
n.
Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk.
n.
Command; precept; -- now chiefly used in scriptural language.
prep.
Against; as, John Doe versus Richard Roe; -- chiefly used in legal language, and abbreviated to v. or vs.
n.
Language; words; speech; expression; signification of feeling or opinion.
imp. & p. p.
of Language
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.