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Unmanned US experimental hypersonic aircraft, 1991-2000
The NASA X-43 was an experimental unmanned hypersonic aircraft with multiple planned scale variations meant to test various aspects of hypersonic flight
NASA_X-43
Rocket-powered aircraft and spaceplane operated by the US Air Force and NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the
North_American_X-15
NASA experimental re-entry vehicle
The X-38 is an experimental re-entry vehicle designed by NASA to research a possible emergency crew return vehicle (CRV) for the International Space Station
NASA_X-38
Canceled experimental NASA electric aircraft
The NASA X-57 Maxwell was an experimental aircraft developed by NASA, intended to demonstrate technology to reduce fuel use, emissions, and noise. The
NASA_X-57_Maxwell
American space and aeronautics agency
Us". Nasa.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2016. "NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: NASA X-57 Maxwell". nasa.gov. September
NASA
American TV series or program
NASA X is a half-hour television program and vodcast developed by co-producers Michael Bibbo and Kevin Krigsvold in partnership with the NASA Langley
NASA_X
Experimental supersonic aircraft for NASA
development by Lockheed Martin for NASA's Low-Boom Flight Demonstrator project. Preliminary design started in February 2016, with the X-59 originally planned to
Lockheed_Martin_X-59_Quesst
Airplane
designed the X-48 and two examples were built by Cranfield Aerospace in the UK. Boeing began flight testing the X-48B version for NASA in 2007. The X-48B was
Boeing_X-48
Reusable robotic spaceplane used by US military since 2010
It is a 120-percent-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the United States
Boeing_X-37
List of space missions by NASA
active science missions. Since 1945, NACA (NASA's predecessor) and, since January 26, 1958, NASA has conducted the X-Plane Program. The program was originally
List_of_NASA_missions
53. "NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: NASA X-57 Maxwell". NASA. September 13, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2021. Curry, Marty (May 7, 2008). "NASA — NASA Dryden
List_of_NASA_aircraft
1984 experimental aircraft family by Grumman
technologies. Funded by NASA, the United States Air Force and DARPA, the X-29 was developed by Grumman, and the two built were flown by NASA and the United States
Grumman_X-29
NASA cancelled spaceplane project
The HL-20 Personnel Launch System was a NASA spaceplane concept for crewed orbital missions studied by NASA's Langley Research Center around 1990. It
HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System
US reusable automated cargo lifting-body spaceplane
derived from NASA's HL-20 Personnel Launch System spaceplane concept, which in turn is descended from a series of test vehicles, including the X-20 Dyna-Soar
Dream_Chaser
American experimental aircraft
The Martin Marietta X-24 is an American experimental aircraft developed from a joint United States Air Force–NASA program named PILOT (1963–1975). It
Martin_Marietta_X-24
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
efforts. Reentry is accomplished in a nose-high attitude, similar to the NASA-operated Space Shuttle; during this phase of flight, manoeuvring of the spaceplane
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
proposals. For launch in the 2030s, NASA is evaluating four possible designs: the Origins Space Telescope, Lynx X-ray Observatory, Habitable Exoplanets
List of proposed space telescopes
List_of_proposed_space_telescopes
Unmanned hypersonic experimental aircraft
produced by their own shock waves. The X-51 program was a cooperative effort by the United States Air Force, DARPA, NASA, Boeing, and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
Boeing_X-51_Waverider
Physician and NASA astronaut
and NASA astronaut. He was a flight surgeon at NASA and the medical director at SpaceX before being selected as a candidate for an astronaut at NASA. Anil
Anil_Menon
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable
Lockheed_Martin_X-33
American spaceflight and AI company
include NASA, the United States Space Force, and the National Reconnaissance Office. Elon Musk owns 42% of the outstanding shares of SpaceX and controls
SpaceX
Experimental vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) jet aircraft
was upgraded under NASA. X-14 - USAF 56-4022 (Serial Number) X-14A - NASA 234 (N234NA) X-14B - NASA 704 (N704NA)[citation needed] The X-14B was rescued from
Bell_X-14
Soviet cancelled spaceplane project
role, configuration, and era X-20 Dyna-Soar X-24 NASA X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Gordon, Yefim; Gunston, Bill (2000). Soviet X-Planes. Hinkley: Midland. pp
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105
Proposed sub-orbital bomber
US, a similar project, the X-20 Dyna-Soar, was to be launched on a Titan II booster. As the crewed space role moved to NASA, and uncrewed reconnaissance
Silbervogel
NASA space telescope launched in 1999
Columbia during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, enabled by
Chandra_X-ray_Observatory
2026 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX Crew-13 is the thirteenth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight and the 21st crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission
SpaceX_Crew-13
Experimental aircraft
Boeing X-66 was an experimental airliner that was under development by Boeing. It was part of the X-plane series created in collaboration with NASA and the
Boeing_X-66
Aircraft configuration in which the fuselage produces significant lift
unpowered NASA M2-F1 used an XLR11 rocket engine as was used on the Bell X-1. A follow-on design designated the Northrop HL-10 was developed at NASA Langley
Lifting_body
Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
ntrs.nasa.gov. "UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPACE SHUTTLE VEHICLES" (PDF). ntrs.nasa.gov. August 1973. "X-15 Hypersonic Research Program - NASA". Retrieved
Spaceplane
List of launches of SpaceX's fully reusable Starship
project in SpaceX's reusable launch system development program and plan to colonize Mars, and is one of two landing systems selected by NASA for the Artemis
List_of_Starship_launches
Project Prometheus - 2005 Additional examples NASA X-38 (Crew Return Vehicle)- 2002 Lockheed Martin X-33 - 2001 HL-20 Personnel Launch System - 1993
List_of_NASA_cancellations
Former suborbital spaceplane for space tourism
North American X-15 Private spaceflight SpaceShipOne Space Rider Space Shuttle program SpaceShip III "sRLV platforms compared". NASA. 7 March 2011. Archived
SpaceShipTwo
US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993
of the X-30, as it was then designated, began.[citation needed] Despite progress in the necessary structural and propulsion technology, NASA had substantial
Rockwell_X-30
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
air and vehicle may be reasonably neglected in calculations. Generally, NASA defines "high" hypersonic as any Mach number from 10 to 25, and re-entry
Hypersonic_speed
List of aircraft produced by a number of countries to test new concepts and technology
DARPA/NASA maneuvering re-entry vehicle X-42 Pop-Up Upper Stage – Classified rocket upper stage NASA X-43 Hyper-X – Hypersonic scramjet Lockheed Martin X-44
List_of_experimental_aircraft
Series of experimental US aircraft and rockets
Matt; Barnstorff, Kathy (17 June 2016). "NASA Hybrid Electric Research Plane Gets X Number, New Name". NASA.gov. NASA. Retrieved 17 June 2016. The Air Force
List_of_X-planes
Soviet spaceplane (1980-1984)
Oblast, Russia HL-20 Personnel Launch System Dream Chaser Grayzeck, Edwin.J. "NASA - National Space Science Data Center - Spacecraft - Details: Cosmos 1517"
BOR-4
American engineer and commercial astronaut (born 1985)
December 24, 1985) is an American engineer and NASA astronaut candidate, formerly employed by SpaceX as lead space operations and a mission director
Anna_Menon
Experimental spaceplane/booster (2013–2020)
Baikal (rocket booster) Boeing X-37 Boeing X-51 DARPA Falcon Project Liquid fly-back booster, 1999-2004 study for Ariane NASA X-43 Reusable Booster System
XS-1_(spacecraft)
US program to develop a hypersonic weapon
systems and aerodynamic control features. Test flights were supported by NASA, the Space and Missile Systems Center, Lockheed Martin, Sandia National Laboratories
DARPA_Falcon_Project
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016. "NASA – NASA's X-43A Scramjet Breaks Speed Record". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 13 June 2019. "Scramjet hits Mach 10
Scramjet
Engines placed along the wingspan of a plane
the development halted for bankruptcy in 2024. The NASA X-57 Maxwell (Sceptor) was a manned NASA X-plane developed from 2016, featuring 14 distributed
Distributed_propulsion
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Backscatter X-ray – Advanced X-ray imaging technology Neutron radiation – Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons NuSTAR – NASA X-ray space telescope
X-ray
NASA research facility in Virginia
Center (LaRC or NASA Langley), located in Hampton, Virginia, near the Chesapeake Bay front of Langley Air Force Base, is the oldest of NASA's field centers
Langley_Research_Center
American supersonic research aircraft
Gulfstream X-54 is a proposed research and demonstration aircraft, under development in the United States by Gulfstream Aerospace for NASA, that is planned
Gulfstream_X-54
American astronaut (1932–2024)
pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA. As an X-15 pilot, Engle made three flights
Joe_Engle
Conventional definition of the edge of space
military personnel and civilians flying in the same vehicle. Three veteran NASA X-15 pilots (John B. McKay, William H. Dana and Joseph Albert Walker) were
Kármán_line
2024 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX Crew-8 was the eighth crewed operational NASA Commercial Crew flight and the 13th overall crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The
SpaceX_Crew-8
American aerospace engineer
good handling qualities. The BWB-17 was the direct precursor to the NASA X-48B and X-48C programs that further validated BWB design. Swift Killer Bee At
Mark_Page_(engineer)
Experimental aircraft
as the military agent through Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR). NASA supported the X-31 program through its Langley Research Center and Dryden Flight
Rockwell-MBB_X-31
American aeronautical engineer
engineer. She became chief engineer of the NASA X-43 project in 2004 and was appointed deputy director of NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center in 2023
Laurie_Grindle
NASA research pilot and astronaut (1930–2014)
engineer, U.S. Air Force pilot, NASA test pilot, and astronaut. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane
William_H._Dana
Prototype jet
Douglas (later Boeing) X-36 Tailless Fighter Agility Research Aircraft is an American stealthy subscale prototype jet UAV. Built for NASA and first flown in
McDonnell_Douglas_X-36
Failed 1967 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
(266,000 ft). In the NASA 1 control room, mission controller Pete Knight monitored the mission with a team of engineers. As the X-15 climbed, Adams began
X-15_Flight_3-65-97
United States Air Force pilot (1935–2003)
Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight of the Martin-Marietta X-24A and the second
Jerauld_R._Gentry
Prototype single-stage-to-orbit rocket developed & flown between 1991-1996
through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved
McDonnell_Douglas_DC-X
Flight faster than Mach 5 below 90 km
the Scramjet. The NASA X-43A flew on scramjet for 10 seconds, and then glided for 10 minutes on its last flight in 2004. The Boeing X-51 Waverider flew
Hypersonic_flight
"NASA – NSSD – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details (X-Ray Timing Explorer)". NASA. Archived from the original on 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2008-02-27. "NASA –
List_of_space_telescopes
2024 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX Crew-9 was the ninth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight and the 15th crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. Originally
SpaceX_Crew-9
American test pilot and aerospace engineer (1931–2019)
(2007). X-15: Extending the Frontiers of Flight. NASA. pp. 393, 442–443, 474, 582, 592. ISBN 978-0-16-079285-4. Retrieved December 9, 2025. NASA SP. Scientific
John_A._Manke
Assessment tool
The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a widely used, subjective, multidimensional assessment tool that rates perceived workload in order to assess a task
NASA-TLX
Conceptual aircraft design by Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA (Multi-Axis No-Tail Aircraft) was an American conceptual aircraft design by Lockheed Martin that was studied by NASA and the U.S
Lockheed_Martin_X-44_MANTA
Hypersonic research plane
adapt its L-1011 carrier aircraft to accommodate the X-34. The program was officially canceled by NASA on March 31, 2001. The unpowered prototype had been
Orbital_Sciences_X-34
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
rover that is exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. Launched in 2011 and landed the following
Curiosity_(rover)
NASA space observatory
launch) (Explorer 53) was a NASA X-ray astronomy space telescope. It functioned from 7 May 1975 to 9 April 1979. It covered the X-ray range with four experiments
Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3
Cancelled American spacecraft
research payloads in response to NASA's suborbital reusable launch vehicle (sRLV) solicitation, which is a part of NASA's Flight Opportunities Program. No
XCOR_Lynx
Soviet hypersonic rocket project
platform. The success of the Kholod program led to the development of NASA's X-43 to further refine the mechanics of scramjets and to develop control
Kholod
French crewed spaceplane concept (1975–1992)
D'études Spatiales (CNES), desired greater autonomy to avoid overreliance upon NASA, and envisaged a European-built human-capable space vehicle that would operate
Hermes_(spacecraft)
Method of testing aircraft/spacecraft
powered X-planes, including the Bell X-1, Bell X-2, North American X-15, Martin Marietta X-24A and X-24B, Orbital Sciences X-34, Boeing X-40, and NASA X-43A
Drop_test
Japanese experimental spaceplane
testbed had flown successfully. At the time of the planning phase for HOPE-X, Japanese spaceflight had seen a string of successful advancements in the
HOPE-X
17, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2020. Foust, Jeff (July 2, 2015). "NASA and SpaceX Delay Dragon In-Flight Abort Test". SpaceNews. Retrieved May 3, 2016
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2020–2022)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2020–2022)
Division of NASA which trains astronauts
The NASA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that selects, trains, and provides astronauts
NASA_Astronaut_Corps
Nonrigid airfoil with aerodynamic cell structure
Retrieved 2020-08-16. "Squirrel Aura Wingsuit". Retrieved 11 May 2017. "NASA X-38 Team Flies Largest Parafoil Parachute in History". Space Ref. 2000-02-04
Parafoil
2026 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX Crew-12 is the twelfth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight and the 20th crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission
SpaceX_Crew-12
2020 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS
2020. The mission was contracted by NASA and flown by SpaceX. It was the final flight of Dragon 1 and concluded the NASA Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1)
SpaceX_CRS-20
Type of aircraft
appears to have been abandoned. The project has currently merged with NASA's X-59 Quesst project. The Lockheed Martin Skunk Works began developing the
SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport
SAI_Quiet_Supersonic_Transport
Air-launched rocket
in the public domain. Clark, Stephen (July 8, 2019). "SpaceX wins NASA contract to launch X-ray telescope on reused rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved
Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus
Elyna (August 6, 2024). "NASA Adjusts Crew-9 Launch Date for Operational Flexibility – NASA's SpaceX Crew-9 Mission". NASA. Archived from the original
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2024)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2024)
Concept for a crewed single-stage reusable spaceplane
Retrieved 8 April 2017. "Report of the Horizontal Launch Study" (PDF). DARPA. NASA. June 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved
Avatar_(spacecraft)
North American X-15, an experimental American spaceplane built by North American Aviation and operated by the United States Air Force and NASA, were conducted
List_of_X-15_flights
Moon". June 1, 2026. "NASA's SpaceX CRS-35". Retrieved June 6, 2026. "NASA Orders Additional Cargo Flights to Space Station". NASA. March 25, 2022. Archived
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
American social networking service
X, formerly known as Twitter, is an American microblogging and social networking service owned by SpaceX's artificial intelligence subsidiary SpaceXAI
X_(social_network)
Topics referred to by the same term
(board game), a board game based on the video game franchise NICER § XCOM, a NASA X-ray communications experiment XCOM Data Transport, a file transfer computer
XCOM_(disambiguation)
Concept of hybrid atmospheric jet engine
interest in Rocket-based combined cycle engines was revised, and tested on the NASA X-43 series. LACE was also the basis of the engines on the British Aerospace
Liquid_air_cycle_engine
NASA research facility in Southern California
The NASA Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) is an aeronautical research center operated by NASA. Its primary campus is located inside Edwards
Armstrong Flight Research Center
Armstrong_Flight_Research_Center
American aviator (1926–1993)
naval officer, aviator, engineer, and NASA research pilot. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly
Milton_Orville_Thompson
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Burst Explorer, is a NASA three-instrument space observatory for studying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and monitoring the afterglow in X-ray and UV/visible light
Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory
NASA federally funded research and development center
Technology (Caltech) researchers, the laboratory is now owned and sponsored by NASA and administered and managed by Caltech. The primary function of the laboratory
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory
Failed 2015 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX CRS-7, also known as SpX-7, was a private American Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station, contracted to NASA, which
SpaceX_CRS-7
2025 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS
SpaceX Crew-11 was the eleventh operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight and the 19th crewed orbital flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft. The mission
SpaceX_Crew-11
American space scientist (1942–2026)
retirement from NASA at the end of May 2022, he was a project scientist for their Chandra X-ray Observatory, and Chief Scientist for X-ray Astronomy in
Martin_C._Weisskopf
Logo designs used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA logos The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has three official insignias: the NASA seal, the NASA insignia (known as the "meatball")
NASA_insignia
Technology development overview
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe – NASA satellite of the Explorer program. Gamma-ray observatories AGILE (satellite) – X-ray and gamma ray astronomical satellite
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
1963 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
the North American X-15 was a research flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force on July 19, 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that passed
X-15_Flight_90
American actress (born 1966)
Katherine LaNasa (born December 1, 1966) is an American actress. Since 2025, she has portrayed Nurse Dana Evans in the HBO Max medical drama The Pitt (2025–present)
Katherine_LaNasa
American modular unmanned aerial vehicle
Laboratory before the aircraft would be handed over to NASA for further testing. The first X-56A unmanned aircraft was severely damaged in a crash shortly
Lockheed_Martin_X-56
Autonomous Aerial Refueling Drone
on 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2010-07-12. "Northrop Grumman to Demonstrate NASA KQ-X Global Hawk Autonomous Aerial Refueling." Guide to Military Equipment
KQ-X
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
bidding competitor to SpaceX, disputed the decision and began a legal case against NASA and SpaceX in August 2021, causing NASA to suspend the contract for
SpaceX_Starship
Open-source parametric aircraft geometry tool
an open-source parametric aircraft geometry tool originally developed by NASA. It can be used to create 3D models of aircraft and to support engineering
OpenVSP
1967 flight operated by the US Air Force and NASA
take-off briefly, the NASA NB-52B mothership Balls 8 took off from the NASA Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, carrying the X-15A-2 under its
X-15_Flight_188
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X
NASA X