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Computer network protocol
Minimal Lower Layer Protocol (MLLP) is a network protocol typically used with HL7 data. In most cases, when HL7 2.x data is transmitted over the network
Minimal_Lower_Layer_Protocol
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data
Internet_protocol_suite
Internet protocol that uses a proxy server
UDP packets to be forwarded. The SOCKS protocol operates between the application layer and the transport layer. A SOCKS server accepts incoming client
SOCKS
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
the communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or, formerly, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The protocol is therefore also
HTTPS
host stack or controller IC to be swapped with minimal adaptation. There are several HCI transport layer standards, each using a different hardware interface
List_of_Bluetooth_protocols
Low-power wireless mesh networking protocol for the Internet of things
networking layer for its own connected-home products before the technology was opened to the wider industry. Since July 2014 the protocol has been developed
Thread_(network_protocol)
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
the full on-wire protocol is minimal, full implementation is encouraged even for simple clients. NTP uses a hierarchical, semi-layered system of time sources
Network_Time_Protocol
Application layer protocol
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information
HTTP
Computer networking model
idea of a spanning layer, articulated by David D. Clark to mean the minimal common service that hides differences in lower layers and presents a uniform
Hourglass_model
High-speed interface technology
underlying PHY layer is a layered protocol stack that covers layers L1 to L4 of the OSI Reference Model for networking. UniPro introduces an extra layer L1.5 between
UniPro
Electronic communications protocol
The Financial Information eXchange (FIX) protocol is an electronic communications protocol initiated in 1992 for international real-time exchange of information
Financial Information eXchange
Financial_Information_eXchange
Version 6 of the Internet Protocol
exceptions are application protocols that embed Internet-layer addresses, such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Network Time Protocol (NTP), where the new
IPv6
Network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage
gigabit link module (GLM). The fabric layer consists of SAN networking devices that include SAN switches, routers, protocol bridges, gateway devices, and cables
Storage_area_network
Network protocol
Allen-Bradley (now owned by Rockwell Automation). It is an application layer protocol on top of the CAN (Controller Area Network) technology, developed by
DeviceNet
Division of data into smaller protocol units for transmission
discuss segmentation in terms of a packetization layer: the transport- or application-level protocol that is responsible for choosing packet boundaries
Packet_segmentation
VoIP software library
for VoIP applications implementing lower layers of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The library includes the minimal codebase required by any SIP application
OSIP
Digital audio format
MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany under
MP3
Computer network protocol
In computer networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) is a layer 2 data-link protocol typically used to connect domestic broadband modems
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM
Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_ATM
IEC standards
(OSI layers 1–3) IEC 60870-6-501 TASE.1 Service definitions IEC 60870-6-502 TASE.1 Protocol definitions IEC 60870-6-503 TASE.2 Services and protocol IEC
IEC_60870-6
Network protocols for control of entertainment technology equipment
protocol data units (PDUs), rather similar to TLV encoding, which are used in the main protocols. It then defines how a minimal Root Layer Protocol is
Architecture for Control Networks
Architecture_for_Control_Networks
Multidrop serial communication standard
receiver: the physical layer. It does not specify or recommend any communications protocol; Other standards define the protocols for communication over
RS-485
Concept in computer software
business logic layer which is separate from other tiers or layers, such as the data access layer or service layer. Each layer "knows" only a minimal amount about
Business_logic
Proposed internet architecture
hourglass architecture centers on a universal network layer, IP, which implements the minimal functionality necessary for global inter-connectivity.
Named_data_networking
of the application on the protocol technologies and therefore it is possible to isolate any evolution to lower adapter layers. MAL precludes the use of
Message_Abstraction_Layer
Computer storage networking technology
In addition to a modern physical layer, Fibre Channel also added support for any number of "upper layer" protocols, including ATM, IP (IPFC) and FICON
Fibre_Channel
First CDMA-based digital cellular technology
an air interface, a set of protocols used between mobile units and the network. IS-95 is widely described as a three-layer stack, where L1 corresponds
CdmaOne
Amateur telecommunications protocol
Olivia MFSK is an amateur radioteletype protocol, using multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) and designed to work in difficult (low signal-to-noise ratio
Olivia_MFSK
Short-range wireless technology standard
guaranteed by the lower layer. Only L2CAP channels configured in ERTM or SM may be operated over AMP logical links. The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) allows
Bluetooth
Wireless network standard
and specifies the set of medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication
IEEE_802.11
Technology discipline within engineering
developments include the standardization of protocols and the shift towards increasingly complex layered architectures. These advancements have profoundly
Computer_network_engineering
Set of IEEE standards for wireless personal area networks
May 2003. Several standardized and proprietary networks (or mesh) layer protocols run over 802.15.4-based networks, including IEEE 802.15.5, Zigbee,
IEEE_802.15
Computer network routing protocol
similar protocol called OSPF. IS-IS was later extended to support routing of datagrams in the Internet Protocol (IP), the network-layer protocol of the
IS-IS
Computer network protocol
by: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) with RDMA services (iWARP), which uses an existing Ethernet setup and therefore has lower hardware costs. RoCE (RDMA
ISCSI_Extensions_for_RDMA
Former organization for adoption of ultra-wideband
fairness including support for multiple applications A protocol adaptation layer for the Internet Protocol IP-based application profiles The WiMedia ultra-wideband
WiMedia_Alliance
Computer expansion bus standard
PCI Express is a layered protocol, consisting of a transaction layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer. The Data Link Layer is subdivided to include
PCI_Express
Wide area network technology
result in lost data, and the protocol featured extensive error correction to address this. ISDN offered dramatically lower error rates, in effect zero
Frame_Relay
Mechanism to wake up computers via a network
the network interface controller using minimal power. Because Wake-on-LAN operates below the IP protocol layer, IP addresses and DNS names are meaningless
Wake-on-LAN
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
source coding theorem for symbol codes places an upper and a lower bound on the minimal possible expected length of codewords as a function of the entropy
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Decentralized type of wireless network
network layer routing protocol has to be improved to resolve dynamically changing network topologies and broken routes. The transport layer protocol has to
Wireless_ad_hoc_network
Method of quantum computing via entanglement
{\displaystyle U} . This is the minimal number of layers of T {\displaystyle T} gates, in a circuit that alternates between a layer consisting of an arbitrary
Non-local_quantum_computation
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
Montreal Protocol in 1987. This international agreement aimed to phase out CFCs and HCFCs to protect the ozone layer. Under the Montreal Protocol, production
Refrigerant
Computer networking technology
higher-layer protocols trigger retransmission of lost frames. Per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer. The
Ethernet
Medical Device data. The APIs of this layer interact with the lower level Multi-Channel Adaptation Protocol (MCAP layer), but also perform SDP behavior to
List_of_Bluetooth_profiles
ETSI standard for cordless telephony
The DECT data link layer uses Link Access Protocol Control (LAPC), a specially designed variant of the ISDN data link protocol called LAPD. They are
DECT
Class of organic compounds
seasonal depletion of the ozone layer over Antarctica, diplomats in Montreal forged a treaty, the Montreal Protocol, which called for drastic reductions
Chlorofluorocarbon
Serial communication bus
and target (slave) without clock stretching or other hardware overhead. Protocol overheads include a target address and perhaps a register address within
I2C
memory map for sensor data. The criteria for SSI protocol development are: general purpose simple – minimal overhead small footprint on the server (sensor)
Simple Sensor Interface protocol
Simple_Sensor_Interface_protocol
Automotive engineering terminology
Keyword Protocol 2000, International Organization for Standardization, 1999. Part 1: Physical layer Part 2: Data link layer Part 3: Application layer Part
On-board_diagnostics
Dispensing system of an aerosol mist
the ozone layer. That same year, the Vienna Convention was signed in response to the UN's authorization. Two years later, the Montreal Protocol, which regulated
Aerosol_spray_dispenser
Family of wireless network protocols
internetworking purposes, Wi-Fi is usually layered as a link layer below the internet layer of the Internet Protocol. This means that nodes have an associated internet
Wi-Fi
Secure communication method
(QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum entanglement
Quantum_key_distribution
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Apple announced that they were going to upgrade their iMessage protocol with a new PQC protocol called "PQ3", which will use ongoing keying. Apple stated that
Post-quantum_cryptography
Standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone
the data link layer. Internet Protocol (IP) (a specification of the IETF for transmitting packets of data on a network at the internet layer – specifically
Open_standard
Application programming interface for capturing network traffic
filtering engines of many open-source and commercial network tools, including protocol analyzers (packet sniffers), network monitors, network intrusion detection
Pcap
Suite of IETF specifications
data exchanged in the Domain Name System (DNS) in Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The protocol provides cryptographic authentication of data, authenticated
Domain Name System Security Extensions
Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions
Image compression standard and coding system
compression, layered and tiled image structures, region-of-interest encoding, and remote streaming via the JPEG 2000 Interactive Protocol (JPIP). The
JPEG_2000
with terminals using the Weightless-W protocol. Terminal endpoints were designed to be low-cost devices using minimal power so that they could work autonomously
Weightless (wireless communications)
Weightless_(wireless_communications)
Free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol
Samba is a free software implementation of the SMB networking protocol, and was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell. Samba provides file and print
Samba_(software)
Wireless LAN (WLAN) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in
List_of_WLAN_channels
Standard for computer data connections
architecture, in particular the physical interfaces, and communication protocols to and from hosts, such as personal computers, to and from peripheral
USB
Gateway Device Control Protocol - Layer 3 Forwarding Service ISO/IEC 29341-8-12:2008 Part 8-12: Internet Gateway Device Control Protocol - Link Authentication
List of ISO standards 28000–29999
List_of_ISO_standards_28000–29999
Computer networking concept
IP layer has long provided best-effort services. IP uses dynamic, hop-by-hop routing of packets and if there is a link failure, the routing protocols (OSPF
Link_protection
Flow meter for fuel gases
Other application-layer protocols, such as MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), are also utilized
Gas_meter
Set of computer and peripheral connection standards
network supporting IP. The actual physical links are realized on lower network layers, independently of iSCSI. Predominantly, Ethernet is used, which is
SCSI
three types: • Event notifications are passed from a lower layer in the protocol stack to a higher layer or between the MIHF of one device to the MIHF of
Media-independent_handover
default Signal (software) – secure messaging app Off-the-Record Messaging – protocol for secure instant messaging GPGTools – macOS suite for GnuPG-based encryption
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Method for IP address allocation and routing
contrast to the old system, which became known as "classful". Routing protocols were revised to carry not just IP addresses, but also their subnet masks
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing
Markup language and file format
COLLADA, and XHTML. XML also provides the base language for communication protocols such as SOAP and XMPP. It is one of the message exchange formats used
XML
Blockchain protocol
Proof of identity (PoID) is a consensus protocol for permission-less blockchains, in which each uniquely identified individual receives one equal unit
Proof of identity (blockchain consensus)
Proof_of_identity_(blockchain_consensus)
Wireless networking standard
20 MHz (the actual occupied bandwidth is even lower, 16.25 MHz). As a result, such overlaps have minimal performance implications. Click on "show". Clear
IEEE_802.11g-2003
Kernel that provides fewer services than a traditional kernel
mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel and
Microkernel
Method of externally opening ports on a firewall
knocking does not lower the overall security of a system. It is an effective measure that provides an additional layer of security with minimal server resource
Port_knocking
Standard on communication between medical devices and external computer systems
or to quickly determine a client's condition and automatically, or with minimal carer involvement, optimally adjust a device's operation (e.g., for insulin
ISO/IEEE_11073
Additive process used to make a 3D object
together (e.g. plastics, liquids, or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer. In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only
3D_printing
Type of germ cell tumor
known as a sacrococcygeal teratoma), ovary, or testicle. Symptoms may be minimal if the tumor is small. A testicular teratoma may present as a painless
Teratoma
Software-defined storage product
PowerFlex nodes, SSO Integration with multiple Identity Providers and Protocols, more CloudIQ (now APEX AIOps Observability), On-Demand SDC Compilation
Dell_Technologies_PowerFlex
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
with minimal efficiency loss. Scaling up the charge-transport layer is also necessary for the scalability of PSCs. Common electron transport layer (ETL)
Perovskite_solar_cell
Surgical removal of bursae (sacs of synovial fluid in joints)
outer layer (capsulectomy), scraping away of inflamed tissue (curettage) and, where necessary, excision of associated osteophytes or spurs. Minimally invasive
Bursectomy
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
from the demodulated signal is sent over the IP network via a transport protocol (also defined as an RTP payload) called Simple Packet Relay Transport (SPRT)
Modem
Concept in cryptography
proof system and range proofs over issued credentials via the HashWires protocol. Hash-based signature schemes combine a one-time signature scheme, such
Hash-based_cryptography
CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The benchmark 1990 emission levels were accepted
Criticism of the Kyoto Protocol
Criticism_of_the_Kyoto_Protocol
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
PMID 24758868. S2CID 205325088. Ambainis, Andris (1 March 2004). "A new protocol and lower bounds for quantum coin flipping". Journal of Computer and System
Quantum_cryptography
Part of the female reproductive tract
the uterus). The vaginal introitus is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen. The vagina also channels menstrual flow
Vagina
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
[update] page requests are first passed to a front-end layer of Varnish caching servers and back-end layer caching is done by Apache Traffic Server. Requests
Wikipedia
System that transfers heat from one space to another
to the ozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Use of these chemicals was banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987
Heat_pump
Medical condition featuring permanent bending of fingers
"Splinting after contracture release for Dupuytren's contracture (SCoRD): Protocol of a pragmatic, multi-centre, randomized controlled trial". BMC Musculoskeletal
Dupuytren's_contracture
Principle that Internet service providers should treat all data equally
controlled. According to the end-to-end principle, protocol features are only justified in the lower layers of a system if they are a performance optimization;
Net_neutrality
Structure of the operating system
Windows NT, a line of operating systems produced and sold by Microsoft, is a layered design that consists of two main components, user mode and kernel mode
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Free and open-source object relational database management system
PostgreSQL supports a binary communication protocol that allows applications to connect to the database server. The protocol is versioned (currently 3.0, as of
PostgreSQL
Cable assembly containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light
The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the
Fiber-optic_cable
Surgery used to treat skin cancers
has well-defined margins, and is in a non-critical area. The standard protocol for Mohs surgery requires the surgeon to both remove the tissue and interpret
Mohs_surgery
Worldwide computer-based distributed discussion system
Protocol (NNTP) on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port 119 for standard, unprotected connections, and on TCP port 563 for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Usenet
exerted along the blade lowers the melting temperature of the top layer of ice, the ice melts and the blade glides on a thin layer of water that refreezes
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
upper layer may be heated rather than the ground during the day, and at night, the clouds trap the heat of the lower layer while the upper layer cools
Geography_of_South_Korea
Standardized way to automatically access information about a memory module
The SPD EEPROM firmware is accessed using SMBus, a variant of the I2C protocol. This reduces the number of communication pins on the module to just two:
Serial_presence_detect
Grinding or clenching of the teeth
damage to dental restorations (e.g. crowns and fillings). Symptoms may be minimal, without patient awareness of the condition. If nothing is done, after
Bruxism
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
loosely coupled, fine-grained services that communicate through lightweight protocols. This pattern allows teams to develop, deploy, and scale services independently
Microservices
Aircraft surveillance technology
Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) as the communication protocol. During a flight over areas without radar coverage, e.g., oceanic and polar
Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast
Automatic_Dependent_Surveillance–Broadcast
Process of measuring water use
Other application-layer protocols, such as MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), are also utilized
Water_metering
Production of waste heat by computer processors
that there exists an optimal CPU frequency at which energy consumption is minimal for the work done. Power consumption can be reduced in several ways,[citation
Processor_power_dissipation
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL
MINIMAL LOWER-LAYER-PROTOCOL