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Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)
Microtonality is the use in music of microtones — intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include
Microtonality
2017 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
still in check. So even if you don't understand the first thing about microtonality, there's still plenty of flying banana here to keep you amused." Vinyl
Flying_Microtonal_Banana
Canadian experimental rock duo
(guitar, bass) and Klek de Poitrine (drums). They are known for complex microtonal compositions in the style of math rock and experimental rock, and an absurdist
Angine_de_Poitrine
American bassist, experimental musician, and singer
harmonized viral videos, and his compositions and playing style that utilize microtonality. MonoNeon has worked, performed and recorded with Pete Rock, Bon Iver
MonoNeon
Russian composer
manuals. The quarter tone scale (24-tet: 50 cents) is the most frequent microtonality in his work. Wyschnegradsky also wrote one piece for Julián Carrillo's
Ivan_Wyschnegradsky
Canadian stringed instrument manufacturer
Guitars released the Microtonal Doubleneck 4/6, a electric guitar and bass hybrid, with alternative fret spacing designed for microtonal playing. The guitar
Eastwood_Guitars
Australian rock band
calendar year, and also marked the beginning of a trilogy of microtonal albums with Flying Microtonal Banana. Subsequent releases integrated heavy metal, synth-pop
King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
King_Gizzard_&_the_Lizard_Wizard
Music that uses a tuning system outside of 12-TET
Tuning, Timbre, Spectrum, Scale. ISBN 3-540-76173-X. Microtonality - Web (in Spanish) Microtonal music on CD Homepage for William Sethares The Xenharmonic
Xenharmonic_music
British electronic music composer
world of online microtonal music", he is most known for his compositions which combine aspects of electronic dance music with microtonality. As a child,
Sevish
Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones
steps to be equal within any scale and, particularly as demonstrated by microtonal music, there is no limit to how many notes can be injected within any
Scale_(music)
Brass instrument
repertoire can include the use of quarter tones and other microtonality. On the tuba, a microtonal valve system was first developed in 2009 by Robin Hayward
Tuba
American saxophonist and composer (1927–2009)
is his son. Maneri was considered a pioneer and important theorist of microtonal improvisation. Early in his career, Maneri played with Ted Harris and
Joe_Maneri
Turkish musician (born 1978)
arranger and designer of the adjustable microtonal guitar. He built a unique repertoire of works for microtonal guitar by arranging Anatolian folk music
Tolgahan_Çoğulu
2021 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
L.W. (subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 3) is the seventeenth studio album by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard
L.W._(album)
2020 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
K.G. (subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 2) is the sixteenth studio album by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard
K.G._(album)
Musical interval
'Unexplored possibilities of contemporary improvisation and the influence of microtonality in the creation process'. With two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart
Quarter_tone
Sonata for Microtonal Piano is a sonata for specifically microtonally tuned piano by Ben Johnston written in 1964 (see also just intonation). When the
Sonata for Microtonal Piano (Ben Johnston)
Sonata_for_Microtonal_Piano_(Ben_Johnston)
American classical composer
like the organ, based on blocking oscillator circuits and capable of microtonality -, the Electric Keyboard Drum, which uses buzzer-like relays, and the
Ivor_Darreg
Canadian composer and author (born 1950)
Mar 1950) is a Canadian composer and author. Young is an adherent of microtonality who has invented a number of musical instruments and notational systems
Gayle_Young
English musician (born 1994)
videos featured use of reharmonisation, close harmony, dissonance, microtonality, and polyrhythms. His more recent releases, which were also uploaded
Jacob_Collier
American classical composer (1933–2023)
to a new style, releasing Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media. For these pieces, he used microtonality to create unusual equal tempered
Easley_Blackwood_Jr.
American composer
specializes in microtonal music, including founding ZIA, an all-electronic band, and performing with D.D.T.. She describes: "I compose microtonal music strictly
Elaine_Walker_(composer)
2016 single by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
on "Robot Stop" from Nonagon Infinity. Microtonality would be explored in full on the rest of Flying Microtonal Banana and subsequent albums such as K
Rattlesnake (King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard song)
Rattlesnake_(King_Gizzard_&_the_Lizard_Wizard_song)
2016 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
Stop", briefly features use of microtonal tuning, a technique explored further on the band's follow-up, Flying Microtonal Banana, while themes from Nonagon
Nonagon_Infinity
Type of musical keyboard
keyboard with 31 notes per octave and pure major thirds. With the advent of microtonal music in the 20th century, instruments with enharmonic keyboards became
Enharmonic_keyboard
Second-largest Christian church
other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. Byzantine music is microtonal. Byzantine chants are associated with the Eastern Roman Empire's period
Eastern_Orthodox_Church
Form of art using sound
musicologists, such as Kyle Gann, have studied and tried to popularize microtonal music and the usage of alternate musical scales. Modern composers like
Music
Piano tuning system
Brighton, England. Fluid tuning is accomplished by the addition of the microtonal tuning mechanism to the instrument. This mechanism enables the musician
Fluid_tuning
Real-time changes of tuning and timbre
is a string, and that individual tunings are beads on that string. The microtonal community has typically focused primarily on the beads, whereas Dynamic
Dynamic_tonality
Mode in Arabic music
of tunability and microtonal control (e.g. the nay, the qanun, or the clarinet). On fretted instruments with steel strings, microtonal control can be achieved
Arabic_maqam
2013 studio album by MonoNeon
Visionary is a microtonal/avant-garde album by MonoNeon released January 6, 2013. The album contains twenty tracks featuring various microtonal musicians on
Southern_Visionary
American composer (1901–1974)
twelve-tone equal temperament. Partch's tuning is often classed as microtonality, as it allowed for intervals smaller than 100 cents, though Partch did
Harry_Partch
Natural number
a sexy prime, and a Mersenne prime. 31 equal temperament is a popular microtonal tuning for musical instruments because it provides a good approximation
31_(number)
Musical instrument
built with many extra keys and strings, enabling experimentation in microtonality and just intonation. The archicembalo had two manuals, but unlike those
Archicembalo
Improvised music genre
London, Tokyo, and Vienna. The key characteristics of the music include microtonality, extended techniques, very soft and quiet dynamics, silence, and unconventional
Reductionism_(music)
Musical scale invented by Wendy Carlos
Academie Royal des Sciences, 1701. 52. Sims, Ezra. "Observations on Microtonality Issue", Computer Music Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, 1987. 8f. Sills, Andrew
Wendy_Carlos_scales
Australian bassist
Lucas Graeme Harwood (né Skinner) is an Australian bassist known for his role in King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard as well as Atolls and Heavy Moss. Harwood
Lucas_Harwood
Guitar playing technique
(or notes as the case may be). String-bending allows exploration of microtonality and can be used to give a distinctive vocal articulation to lead guitar
String_bending
American composer (1926–2019)
system of microtonal notation based on the rational intervals of just intonation, what Gann describes as a "lifelong allegiance" to microtonality. Johnston
Ben_Johnston_(composer)
American musician (born 1956)
series intended “to showcase past and contemporary microtonal music and to introduce microtonality to the listening public.” As the founder of the AFMM
Johnny_Reinhard
French composer (born 1954)
and musicologist. She is particularly known for exploiting very dense microtonal scales such as 1/12 tone or 1/16 and beyond for the particular perception
Pascale_Criton
Soviet and Russian composer (1931–2025)
and Eastern music, and has been characterised by "innovative use of microtonality and chromaticism, rhythm over form and use of contrasting tonalities
Sofia_Gubaidulina
Computer-aided music composition software
Book 1, Diastema Editrice, 2021, ISBN 979-12-80270-07-8 Microtonality - Opusmodus microtonal system supports GM, MTS (MIDI Tuning Standard) and Pitch-Bend
Opusmodus
Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media, Op. 28, is a set of pieces in various microtonal equal temperaments composed and released on LP in
Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media
Twelve_Microtonal_Etudes_for_Electronic_Music_Media
Music genre originating in 1860s
Music Theory. Retrieved January 17, 2026. Cutting, Court B. (2019). "Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale". Empirical Musicology Review
Blues
Australian composer
to text-based music. Burt often employs elements of improvisation, microtonality, humour, live interaction, and lo-fi electronic techniques in his music
Warren_Burt
Teaching aural recognition of musical elements
or to assist in microtonal performance. Gro Shetelig at The Norwegian Academy of Music is working on the development of a Microtonal Ear Training method
Ear_training
Music notation software
Mus2 (pronounced [musiˈki]) is a music application for the notation of microtonal works and is designed for Turkish maqam music. Mus2 allows the user to
Mus2
Bowed string instrument
machine extension is locked down or depressed, it is not easy to make microtonal pitch adjustments or glissando effects, as is possible with a hand-fingered
Double_bass
Musical artist
Nate Wooley. Currently, Gebruers' major project is the exploration of microtonality. For this, he plays and improvises with two pianos tuned a quarter-tone
Seppe_Gebruers
Space around an object
Composition (visual arts) Figure–ground (perception) Ma (negative space) Microtonality Reversing type Space (punctuation) Yin and yang "13 famous logos with
Negative_space
Suite for Microtonal Piano (1978) is a suite for specifically microtonally tuned piano(s) by Ben Johnston written in 1977 (see also just intonation). According
Suite_for_Microtonal_Piano
slide guitar and prepared guitar techniques can be used to produce microtonality without severe modification to the instrument. In his on-line guide
List_of_guitar_tunings
Interference pattern between signals of similar frequency
microtonal shifts, so that the interference patterns are generated). Composer Phill Niblock's music is entirely based on beating caused by microtonal
Beat_(acoustics)
signatures Sharp key signatures There is no universally accepted notation for microtonal music, with varying systems being used depending on the situation. A common
List_of_musical_symbols
French composer
(born 29 May 1955) is a French composer. His music is marked by its microtonality, tension, and energy. A pupil of Iannis Xenakis and Franco Donatoni
Pascal_Dusapin
American composer and guitarist (1948–2018)
guitars and percussion, which blended droning industrial cacophony and microtonality with quasi-mysticism and advanced mathematics. In 1982 he worked with
Glenn_Branca
Newband is a contemporary music ensemble devoted to the performance of microtonal music. The group was founded in 1977 by musicians Stefani Starin and Dean
Newband
1893 comic song written by Harry S. Miller
English Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Cat Came Back "The Cat Came Back" is a blues-folk gallows comedy song about an indestructible
The_Cat_Came_Back
Theory of microtonal music
Sonido 13 is a theory of microtonal music created by the Mexican composer Julián Carrillo around 1900 and described by Nicolas Slonimsky as "the field
Sonido_13
American musical artist
music. He is best known for works utilizing live electronic elements, microtonality, folk music and field recordings. Mombrea studied cognitive neuroscience
Luke_Mombrea
American YouTuber and musician (born 1988)
time//motion//wine 2018 Gig Vlog M I X T A P E vol. 1 2019 two microtonal lo-fi jams Christmas Microtonal Lo-Fi Hip Hop EP 2020 polytonal lo-fi A Very 15/16 Christmas
Adam_Neely
Electrical string musical instrument
compound radius fingerboard. Scalloped fingerboards added enhanced microtonality during fast legato runs. Fanned frets intend to provide each string
Electric_guitar
Christmas-themed poem and carol
Collier. It features contemporary compositional techniques such as microtonality. Benjamin Britten includes an elaborate five-part setting of the first
In_the_Bleak_Midwinter
Japanese musician
Yoshihisa Ochi (越智義久) as the Ochi Brothers, as well as with the American microtonal bassoonist Johnny Reinhard. He is a member of the Japan Composer's Association
Yoshiaki_Ochi
Musical note not in the current key signature
atonal music sometimes eschew all courtesy accidentals. Composers of microtonal music have developed a number of notations for indicating the various
Accidental_(music)
Swiss mathematician (1707–1783)
& Sons. pp. 60–62. OCLC 3212114. "What is an Euler-Fokker genus?". Microtonality. Huygens-Fokker Foundation. Retrieved 2015-06-12. Euler 1739, p. 147
Leonhard_Euler
Musical tuning system
chromatic Electronic tuner Just intonation List of meantone intervals Microtonal music Music and mathematics Musical acoustics (the physics of music) Musical
Equal_temperament
Australian musician and producer
Mind Fuzz Quarters! Paper Mâché Dream Balloon Nonagon Infinity Flying Microtonal Banana Murder of the Universe (with Leah Senior) Sketches of Brunswick
Joey_Walker
American classical composer
classically bent post-minimal styles, through Balinese-inspired gamelan and microtonality, to ambient, electronic soundscapes involving many layers of acoustic
Patrick_Grant_(composer)
American cellist (born 1953)
invented computer fonts used in microtonal music composition. He is best known for his interest and contributions to microtonality music. Mook began his music
Theodore_Mook
Software synthesizer
distributed alone and are bundled with QSynth. It features microtonal support and was used in the MicrotonalISM project of the Network for Interdisciplinary Studies
FluidSynth
Natural number
chord has almost every note of a diatonic scale. In just intonation and microtonal music theory, the number 11 or the ratio 11/8 denotes an interval between
11_(number)
Natural number
the expression of logic "catch-22". 22 equal temperament is a popular microtonal tuning temperament due to its good approximation of harmonic intervals
22_(number)
Major branch of Christianity
other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. Byzantine music is microtonal. Byzantine chants are associated with the Eastern Roman Empire's period
Eastern_Orthodoxy
Japanese organ-violin duo
Nishida on violin, keyboards, and vocals. Formed in 1985, they play "microtonal pop music", specifically just intonation in the form of Harry Partch's
Syzygys_(band)
Turkish-American composer
synthesizer Continuum Fingerboard and the SANLIKOL Renaissance 17, a digital microtonal keyboard designed and conceived by himself. The Boston Globe calls Sanlıkol's
Mehmet_Ali_Sanlıkol
British composer, percussionist and conductor
became convinced that any future for microtonality would have to involve first and foremost the development of microtonal fixed-pitch instruments (for example
James_Wood_(musician)
American music composer and teacher (born 1932)
the 31 equal temperament). He wrote the first Ph.D. dissertation on microtonality in 1961. He is married to stained glass artist Ellen Mandelbaum, and
Joel_Mandelbaum
Mexican musician (1875–1965)
conductor, violinist and music theorist, famous for developing a theory of microtonal music which he dubbed "The Thirteenth Sound" (Sonido 13). Carrillo was
Julián_Carrillo
Note sung or played at a slightly different pitch than standard
But this flatness may take several forms. On the one hand, it may be a microtonal affair of a quarter-tone or so. Here one may speak of neutral intervals
Blue_note
American classical composer (1924-2004)
creator of unique musical instruments. Her compositions often feature microtonality and are strongly influenced by jazz, Buddhism, the music of Medieval
Tui_St._George_Tucker
early, popular, and improvised microtonal music. They maintain contact with other organizations dedicated to microtonality including Tonalsoft, the Harry
Huygens–Fokker_Foundation
Czech music educator and composer
Hába to continue his work in microtonality. The same year, Hába began to attempt the establishment of a school of microtonal music, but as the Nazis started
Alois_Hába
Musical artist
Catler is an American composer and guitarist specially known for playing microtonal guitars like 31-tone equal tempered guitar, a 62-tone just intonation
Jon_Catler
Dutch composer
31 May 1996) was a Dutch composer. He occasionally experimented with microtonality. Taught by Henk Badings, Olivier Messiaen and others, and in his youth
Ton_de_Leeuw
On distances between points on a circle
doi:10.1080/17459730701376743, S2CID 120586231 Narushima, Terumi (2017), Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson: Mapping the Harmonic Spectrum
Three-gap_theorem
Finnish composer (1928–2016)
Einojuhani Rautavaara (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈei̯noˌjuhɑni ˈrɑu̯tɑˌʋɑːrɑ] ; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music
Einojuhani_Rautavaara
Microtonal tuning system in music
Foundation for Microtonal Music (huygens-fokker.org). Rapoport, Paul. "About 31 tone equal temperament". The Huygens-Fokker Foundation for Microtonal Music (huygens-fokker
31_equal_temperament
Musical instrument in which the sound-producing body is a piece of metal
of his pieces, including his pedagogical Schulwerk. Metallophones with microtonal tunings are used in Iannis Xenakis' Pléïades and in the music of Harry
Metallophone
American composer (1960–2026)
He also began performing and studying Balinese gamelan music, and the microtonal composition of Harry Partch. From San Diego, Loren moved to California
Loren_Nerell
Single-reed woodwind instrument
tongue and circular breathing. Special lip-bending may be used to play microtonal intervals. There have also been efforts to create a quarter tone clarinet
Clarinet
American composer and music theorist (1934–2006)
and most since 1972 reflect an interest in harmonic perception and microtonality. Significant works include Clang (1972) for orchestra; Quintext (1972)
James_Tenney
Solid with eight equal triangular faces
74 (469): 243–256. doi:10.2307/3619822. Narushima, Terumi (2018). Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson. Taylor & Francis. p. 151–155.
Regular_octahedron
Musical artist
seventh-chord-based, whether microtonal or conventional) to inflect the form and focus the listener's attention. Gann's microtonal music proceeds according
Kyle_Gann
Musical tuning system of 24 tones per octave
The modern Arab tone system, or system of musical tuning, is based upon the theoretical division of the octave into twenty-four equal divisions or 24-tone
Arab_tone_system
State of Mexico
Julián Carrillo Trujillo – discovered the Thirteenth Sound theory of microtonal music. Francisco González Bocanegra – author of the Mexican National Anthem
San_Luis_Potosí
Musical input device
its validity has been neither proven nor disproven. [citation needed] Microtonality Isomorphic keyboards' provision of more than the usual 12 note-controlling
Isomorphic_keyboard
Latin American Music Review. 17 (1): 121–132. Rasch, Rudolf (2014). Microtonality and the Sonido 13 of Julián Carrillo. Oxford University Press. "Conlon
Music_of_Mexico
Brass instrument
and Stockhausen have made wide use of the trumpet's ability to play microtonally. Some instruments feature a fourth valve that provides a quarter-tone
Trumpet
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