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certain metallic species, amorphous films can crystallize in a process known as metal-induced crystallization (MIC). The effect was discovered in 1969, when
Metal-induced_crystallization
Topics referred to by the same term
variables Medical image computing, an interdisciplinary field Metal-induced crystallization, a method for turning amorphous silicon into polycrystalline
MIC
High purity form of silicon
produce poly-Si at low temperatures is metal-induced crystallization where an amorphous-Si thin film can be crystallized at temperatures as low as 150 °C if
Polycrystalline_silicon
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
evaporation, induces interaction between molecular chains and a possible crystallization as in the crystallization from the melt. Crystallization from solution
Crystallization_of_polymers
Subtypes of heavy metal music
A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to metal) during the late 1960s and early 1970s. At times
Heavy_metal_genres
Class of chemical substance
of "finite structures", in 1995, Omar M. Yaghi demonstrated the crystallization of metal-organic structures using carboxylate-based linkers, a breakthrough
Metal–organic_framework
Solid metallic material with disordered atomic-scale structure
Review". Metals. 11 (8): 1279. doi:10.3390/met11081279. ISSN 2075-4701. Liu H, Jiang Q, Huo J, Zhang Y, Yang W, Li X (1 December 2020). "Crystallization in
Amorphous_metal
Topics referred to by the same term
(MILC) is a type of photo camera. MILC may also refer to: Metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Minor League Cricket
MILC_(disambiguation)
Rare colour-changing gemstone
transition metal atoms dispersed in the mineral. In the case of alexandrite, this is usually chromium that is incorporated during the crystallization process
Alexandrite_effect
Solid material with highly ordered microscopic structure
process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word crystal derives from the Ancient Greek
Crystal
Group of chemical elements
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium
Alkaline_earth_metal
metal–organic frameworks are metal–organic frameworks that are based on organic molecules comprising carboxylate functional groups. Interest in Metal-Organic
Carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
Carboxylate-based_metal–organic_frameworks
(1993). "The Phenomenon of Conglomerate Crystallization in Coordination Compounds. XXIII: The Crystallization Behavior of [cis-Co(en)2(N3)(SO3)]·2H2O
Transition metal sulfito complex
Transition_metal_sulfito_complex
Semiconducting material used in solar cell technology
must be carefully controlled in order to induce crystallization without causing widespread melting. Crystallization of the film occurs as a very small portion
Crystalline_silicon
Pouring liquid metal into a mold
method is that metals are almost oxygen-free and that the rate of product crystallization (solidification) may be adjusted in a crystallizer - a high-temperature
Metal_casting
Purification technique
out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) is a purification
Salting_out
Mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements
insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. If cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated
Alloy
Loss of ductility of a material, making it brittle
embrittlement caused by wetting. Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is the embrittlement caused by liquid metals. Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) is the embrittlement
Embrittlement
Removing positive ions from hard water
This process is either called template assisted crystallization (TAC) or nucleation assisted crystallization (NAC). The polymeric beads are polyphosphates
Water_softening
Chemical element with atomic number 37 (Rb)
During magma crystallization, rubidium is concentrated together with its heavier analogue caesium in the liquid phase and crystallizes last. Therefore
Rubidium
Chemical compound
Davis, Paul; Hughes, David L.; Grabowski, Edward J. J. (1987). "Crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation: Stereospecific synthesis of a potent
Camphorsulfonic_acid
Chemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)
has symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic
Iron
Major stage of a crystallization process
including mechanically induced stresses, stresses induced by diffusion of different elements, and thermally induced stresses. Metal whiskers differ from
Crystal_growth
Chemical compound
All are colorless solids. The most common form includes water of crystallization as the heptahydrate, with the formula ZnSO4·7H2O. As early as the 16th
Zinc_sulfate
Ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure
crystallography, polymorphism is a phenomenon where a compound or element can crystallize into more than one crystal structure. The definition of polymorphism
Crystal_polymorphism
Spherical regions inside a polymer
inside non-branched linear polymers. Their formation is associated with crystallization of polymers from the melt and is controlled by several parameters such
Spherulite_(polymer_physics)
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O. The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available
Sodium_hydroxide
Rock type formed by lightning strike
an amorphous silica glass. Many fulgurites show some evidence of crystallization: in addition to glasses, many are partially protocrystalline or microcrystalline
Fulgurite
Chemical element with atomic number 82 (Pb)
symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively
Lead
Biodegradable polymer
(2013). "Effects of Various Liquid Organic Solvents on Solvent-Induced Crystallization of AMorphous Poly(lactic acid) Film". Journal of Applied Polymer
Polylactic_acid
Diamond created by controlled processes
onto a liquid metal alloy of gallium, iron, nickel and silicon (77.25/11.00/11.00/0.25 ratio) at approximately 1,025 °C to crystallize diamond at 1 atmosphere
Synthetic_diamond
Chemical element with atomic number 72 (Hf)
zirconium include molten salt extraction and crystallization of fluorozirconates. About half of all hafnium metal manufactured is produced as a by-product
Hafnium
Aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride
20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F). There are four constant-crystallization eutectic points for hydrochloric acid, between the crystal form of
Hydrochloric_acid
thermally induced unidirectional shape-shape-memory effect is an effect classified within the new so-called smart materials. Polymers with thermally induced shape-memory
Thermally induced shape-memory effect (polymers)
Thermally_induced_shape-memory_effect_(polymers)
Calcium carbonate mineral
Gen-Tao; Yao, Qi-Zhi; Fu, Sheng-Quan; Guan, Ye-Bin (2010). "Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic
Vaterite
Manufacturing process
calcination of bauxite and gypsum, carbonate ore to remove water of crystallization as water vapor; decomposition of volatile matter contained in raw petroleum
Calcination
Calcium titanium oxide mineral
ed. p. 733 Veksler, I. V.; Teptelev, M. P. (1990). "Conditions for crystallization and concentration of perovskite-type minerals in alkaline magmas".
Perovskite
Impure form of polycrystalline diamond
for diamond formation Shock metamorphism induced by meteoritic impact at the Earth's surface Radiation-induced diamond formation by spontaneous fission
Carbonado
Study of the role of metals in biology
Bioinorganic chemistry is a field that examines the role of metals in biology. Bioinorganic chemistry includes the study of both natural phenomena such
Bioinorganic_chemistry
Chemical element with atomic number 83 (Bi)
element; it has symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, with chemical properties resembling its lighter
Bismuth
Cage-like allotrope of carbon
crystallises with some solvents in the lattice ("solvates"). For example, crystallization of C 60 from benzene solution yields triclinic crystals with the formula
Buckminsterfullerene
Chemical compound
reactions involving triphenylphosphine. It is a popular reagent to induce the crystallizing of chemical compounds. Ph3PO is structurally related to POCl3.
Triphenylphosphine_oxide
Chemical compound with the formula AgCl
chloride ligands. AgF and AgBr crystallize similarly. However, the crystallography depends on the condition of crystallization, primarily free silver ion
Silver_chloride
Type of electrolytic capacitor
they have a single unique failure mode called "field crystallization". Field crystallization is the major reason for degradation and catastrophic failures
Tantalum_capacitor
Chemical salt used in cooking as cream of tartar
prerequisite fresh grape juice should be chilled overnight to promote crystallization. The potassium bitartrate crystals are removed by filtering through
Potassium_bitartrate
Organic pigment
"Synthesis of Novel Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Luminophores Showing Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancement Properties". Dyes Pigm. 90 (3): 311–318. doi:10
Diketopyrrolopyrrole_dye
Transistor type used in the flat-panel display industry
Mingxiang; Wong, Man (2000). "High Performance Low Temperature Metal-Induced Unilaterally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors for System-on-Panel
Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon
Low-temperature_polycrystalline_silicon
Glass colored with uranium oxide
additions could be tempered at high temperatures, inducing varying degrees of micro-crystallization. This produced a range of increasingly opaque glasses
Uranium_glass
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
is sufficiently rapid (relative to the characteristic crystallization time) then crystallization is prevented and instead, the disordered atomic configuration
Glass
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
boiling point and subsequently the narrowest liquid state range of any metal at standard conditions. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world
Mercury_(element)
Process in a liquid on a vibrating surface
sonotrode induced by cavitation. In 1967, Lierke and Grießhammer published their work in which they were able to ultrasonically atomize metal with melting
Ultrasonic_atomization
Process of forming new, defect-free crystal grains within a material
step in metals processing or may be an undesirable byproduct of another processing step. The most important industrial uses are softening of metals previously
Recrystallization (metallurgy)
Recrystallization_(metallurgy)
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
element; it has symbol W (from German: Wolfram) and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in compounds with other elements
Tungsten
Scientific model in solid-state physics
relevant to quantum information technology. Wigner crystallization in magnetic field. Microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations discovered by R. G
Two-dimensional_electron_gas
Chemical compound
reaction is highly exothermic, and may bring the solution to a boil. Upon crystallization, the resulting microcrystals should be white, though a blue tinge is
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)_hexafluorophosphate
Initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading
with the failure of metal components which led to the term metal fatigue. In the nineteenth century, the sudden failing of metal railway axles was thought
Fatigue_(material)
Methods to make single-atom-thick carbon sheets
these methods, the metal is first melted, after which the metal is let to crystallize around a seed crystal. After crystallization, the crystal is cut
Graphene production techniques
Graphene_production_techniques
Hot semifluid material found beneath the surface of Earth
described as equillibrium crystallization. However, in a series of experiments culminating in his 1915 paper, Crystallization-differentiation in silicate
Magma
Solid (crystalline) phase of electrons
[citation needed] However, it is still not clear whether it is the Wigner crystallization that has led to observation of insulating behaviour in magnetotransport
Wigner_crystal
Process that leads to chemical changes
examples of exothermic reactions are combustion, precipitation and crystallization, in which ordered solids are formed from disordered gaseous or liquid
Chemical_reaction
Chemical compound
iodide dissolves in acetonitrile, yielding diverse complexes. Upon crystallization, molecular or polymeric compounds can be isolated. Dissolution is also
Copper(I)_iodide
Accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces
distinctions are made between: Scaling or precipitation fouling, as crystallization of solid salts, oxides, and hydroxides from water solutions (e.g.,
Fouling
Chemical compound
The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is green. TiCl3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride
Titanium(III)_chloride
Road covered with durable surface material
beginning of the 20th century and are of two types: metalled (hard-surfaced) and unmetalled roads. Metalled roadways are made to sustain vehicular load and
Road_surface
Chemical compound
the salt slowly reacts with acetonitrile, inducing dimerization to CH3C(NH2)=CHCN, which co-crystallizes. Tetramethylphosphonium fluoride (CH3)4PF forms
Tetramethylammonium_fluoride
Elements with atomic numbers 57-70
continuously by countercurrent exchange methods. At one time, fractional crystallization was used. This approach was applied to the separation of the lanthanides
Lanthanide
Organic acid found in many fruits
Monohydrated meso tartaric acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution
Tartaric_acid
Organoarsenic compound
very bulky substituent −C6H2-2,4,6-(t-Bu)3 does however allow the crystallization of the monomeric arsaalkyne. Its As-C bond length is 1.657(7) Å. Cyaarside
Arsaalkyne
Type of metal fluoride glass
caused by surface defects, largely related to crystallization due to nucleation and growth, phenomena induced by factors such as raw material impurities
ZBLAN
Process of heating something to alter it
Further transformation of the austenite into martensite can be induced by slowly cooling the metal to extremely low temperatures. Cold treating generally consists
Heat_treating
Chemical compound
neutral molecule trans-CoCl 2(H 2O) 4 and two molecules of water of crystallization. Claims of the formation of tri- and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed
Cobalt(II)_chloride
Chemical compound
which it crystallizes in cubes. It is also soluble in ethanol. Ammonium iodide is a salt that crystallizes in a motif akin those for the alkali metal iodides
Ammonium_iodide
Iron (II) disulfide mineral
however, oxidation continues, and the hydrated sulfates formed may exert crystallization pressure that can expand cracks in the rock and lead eventually to
Pyrite
Inorganic compound of Iron
the identity of the anions, and the presence or absence of water of crystallization. The structural formulas are [trans−FeCl2(H2O)4][FeCl4], [cis−FeCl2(H2O)4][FeCl4]·H2O
Iron(III)_chloride
Electrolytic capacitor
an electrolytic capacitor whose anode (+) is made of passivated niobium metal or niobium monoxide, on which an insulating niobium pentoxide layer acts
Niobium_capacitor
Inorganic compound
crystallography. It also features [Co(H2O)6]2+ octahedra as well as one water of crystallization. Cobalt sulfates are important intermediates in the extraction of cobalt
Cobalt(II)_sulfate
Chemical compound
Oxford, UK, 1984. Meiling Hong (2022). "Pressure-Induced Structural Phase Transition and Metallization of CrCl3 under Different Hydrostatic Environments
Chromium(III)_chloride
Methods of storing hydrogen for later use
through photo-induced outgassing in doped HGMs in comparison to conventional heating methods. The glass was doped with optically active metals to interact
Hydrogen_storage
Enzyme that metabolizes substances by oxidation
difficult to study drug binding in both solution and on surfaces. Co-crystallization is difficult since the substrates tend to have a low KD (between 5–150 μM)
CYP3A4
Devices and processes that produce light
coral Crystalloluminescence is luminescence during the process of crystallization, specifically during nucleation. Potassium sulfate Cryoluminescence
List_of_light_sources
Crystal growth process relative to the substrate used as seed
processes for bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and modern complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors (CMOS), but it is particularly important for compound
Epitaxy
States of matter for water as a solid
had been proposed to selectively crystallize ice IV from liquid water, but even with such reagents, the crystallization of ice IV from liquid water was
Phases_of_ice
Conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles
removing energy by cooling, crystallization in granular material is achieved by external driving. Ordering, or crystallization of granular materials has
Granular_material
Branch of petrology focusing on detailed descriptions of rocks
textural details contribute greatly to knowledge of the sequence of crystallization of the various mineral constituents in a rock, petrography progressed
Petrography
Chemical element with atomic number 55 (Cs)
"incompatible elements". During magma crystallization, caesium is concentrated in the liquid phase and crystallizes last. Therefore, the largest deposits
Caesium
Israeli chemist
V.; Hutchison, J. L.; Tenne, R., Scanning tunneling microscope induced crystallization of fullerene-like MoS2. Journal of the American Chemical Society
Yitzhak_Mastai
Chemical compound involving ionic bonding
formation, in many cases the ionic crystal formed also includes water of crystallization, so the product is known as a hydrate, and can have very different
Salt_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
derivative. Once prepared, a solution of CuCl2 may be purified by crystallization. A standard method takes the solution mixed in hot dilute hydrochloric
Copper(II)_chloride
Underground mine in Ontario, Canada
540°C, base metal recrystalization occurred with secondary hydrosilicates. It was at this point that the present michenerite was crystallized. The zonation
Creighton_Mine
Chemical compound
The hydroxide groups are linked by hydrogen bonds to the water of crystallization. Anhydrous TMAH has not been isolated. One of the earliest preparations
Tetramethylammonium_hydroxide
Medical condition
to have a positive impact on bone formation but also decrease the crystallization of calcium based stones in the kidneys. Other drugs are used to treat
Hypercalciuria
Species of bacterium
given a calcium source and urea; through the process of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) or biological cementation. S. pasteurii has
Sporosarcina_pasteurii
Coordination complex
In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex is a coordination complex that consists of a transition metal coordinated to one or more chloride ligand
Transition metal chloride complex
Transition_metal_chloride_complex
Chemical compound
time and rapidly quenched or cooled down. Crystallization happens when the GeTe is heated to a crystallization temperature lower than the melting temperature
Germanium_telluride
Chemical compound
platinum metal complex of the formula K2[Pt(CN)4X0.3] where X is usually bromine (or sometimes chlorine). Many other non-stoichiometric metal salts containing
Krogmann's_salt
Chemical compound
aluminum or silicon (forming hafnium silicates), which have a higher crystallization temperature than hafnium oxide. Hafnia is used in optical coatings
Hafnium(IV)_oxide
Battery with solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte
dendrite induced short-circuiting. Aluminum-containing electronic rectifying interphases between the solid-state electrolyte and the lithium metal anode
Solid-state_battery
Stellar core remnant
Sun. A white dwarf radiates light from residual heat and eventual crystallization, not from nuclear fusion. Stars like the Sun, whose mass is not high
White_dwarf
Oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide
higher-energy UV light. Hence, they are used in sunscreens to protect against UV-induced skin damage. Small rutile needles present in gems are responsible for an
Rutile
Group of organonitrogen compounds
water photoinduced electron transfer reduction by metal cations, most commonly a cuprous salt. anion-induced dediazoniation; a counterion such as iodine gives
Diazonium_compound
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION
METAL INDUCED-CRYSTALLIZATION