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1975 treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to end Spanish presence in the Sahara
The Madrid Accords, formally the Declaration of Principles on Western Sahara, was a treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania setting out six principles
Madrid_Accords
1975 military event
and African Union: The UN has never recognized the validity of the Madrid Accords. According to a 2002 legal opinion by the UN Under-Secretary-General
Green_March
UN non-self-governing territory occupied by Morocco
in order to compel Spain to transfer Western Sahara to Morocco. The Madrid Accords, ratified just 12 days after the Green March, stipulated that Spain
Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara
Moroccan-occupied_Western_Sahara
Former Spanish colony and province
Sahara that had been issued three weeks prior. After negotiating the Madrid Accords with Morocco and Mauritania, Spain withdrew its forces and citizens
Spanish_Sahara
1975–1991 armed conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front
withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords (signed under the pressure of the Green March), by which it transferred
Western_Sahara_War
Disputed territory in north-western Africa
colonization lasted roughly from 1884 to 1976, following the creation of the Madrid Accords where Spain absolved all responsibility over the territory and left
Western_Sahara
Partially recognised state in North Africa
the Moroccan Green March, Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania signed the Madrid Accords on 14 November 1975, six days before Francisco Franco died. Morocco
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
Ongoing armed conflict in North Africa
withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords. Beginning in 1975, the Polisario Front, backed and supported by Algeria
Western_Sahara_conflict
Military and political organisation in Western Sahara
October, Spain entered negotiations that led to the signing of the Madrid Accords whereby Spain ceded Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania; in 1976
Polisario_Front
Treaty between Mauritania and Morocco
territory of Western Sahara following the withdrawal of Spain under the Madrid Accords. The border was defined as a straight line from the intersection of
Western Sahara partition agreement
Western_Sahara_partition_agreement
2020 series of Arab–Israeli normalization agreements
accords on his own initiative after Israel recognized Somaliland as an independent country, with Somaliland pledging to join the accords. The Accords
Abraham_Accords
Irredentist beliefs for Morocco
after Spain handed the territory to Morocco and Mauritania (see the Madrid Accords). Spanish Sahara remains a disputed territory, with the Polisario Front
Greater_Morocco
Bilateral relations
invaded the Spanish Sahara in the Green March in November 1975, and the Madrid Accords later ended the Spanish administration over the Western Sahara. During
Morocco–Spain_relations
1957–58 war between Morocco and Spain
of Spanish Sahara until the 1975 Green March prompted it to sign the Madrid Accords with Morocco and Mauritania; it withdrew from the territory in 1976
Ifni_War
Area of Western Sahara
third of the former Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara in 1975 after the Madrid Accords, with Morocco taking the northern two-thirds (Saguia el-Hamra and the
Tiris_al-Gharbiyya
Territory of Western Sahara
Spain retreated from the territory, Western Sahara was split under the Madrid Accords between Mauritania and Morocco, even if this division was bitterly contested
Río_de_Oro
remains under the international laws of military occupation. Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, most of Western Sahara has been occupied by Morocco as the
Political status of Western Sahara
Political_status_of_Western_Sahara
Barrier dividing the Western Sahara
demolition of the wall, the celebration of the self-determination referendum accorded by the UN and the parts in 1991, and the end of the Moroccan occupation
Moroccan_Western_Sahara_wall
Ideology supporting indigenous rule of Western Sahara
mission visited. Still in 1975, Morocco, Mauritania, and Spain signed the Madrid Accords, which divided Western Sahara’s territory between Morocco (northern
Sahrawi_nationalism
Navarro agreed to cede the colony to Morocco and Mauritania by the Madrid Accords, without considering the opinion of native Sahrawis. According to the
Death and funeral of Francisco Franco
Death_and_funeral_of_Francisco_Franco
Place in Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Western Sahara
Moroccan-occupied zone in the April 1976 partition resulting from the Madrid Accords. It has remained in Moroccan hands, though mining was paused in 1976
Bou_Craa
Ethnic group native to the western part of the Sahara desert
[citation needed] showing mainly Spanish-language films. After the Madrid Accords which transferred administration of the Spanish Sahara to Mauritania
Sahrawis
1975 ICJ advisory body on Western Sahara
Morocco and Mauritania were held in Madrid and culminated in a tripartite agreement, becoming known as the Madrid Accords. On 16 November 1975, where Spain
Advisory opinion on Western Sahara
Advisory_opinion_on_Western_Sahara
administered by a government in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Following to the Madrid Accords, the territory was partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in November
Politics_of_Western_Sahara
Bilateral relations
crisis in 1977–1978, when Algeria—cut off from the 1975 Tripartite Madrid Accords on the transfer of the administration of Western Sahara—came to provide
Algeria–Spain_relations
City in Western Sahara
would have cost many lives on all sides. Following the signing of the Madrid Accords in 1975, Mauritania and Morocco invaded Western Sahara, with Mauritania
Dakhla,_Western_Sahara
Topics referred to by the same term
Ii Madrid Accords, signed by Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania in 1975 to end Spanish presence in the territory of Spanish Sahara The Tripartite Accord (Lebanon)
Tripartite
Former political party in present-day Western Sahara
Front. As Morocco and Mauritania invaded in November 1975, after the Madrid Accords, Spain abandoned PUNS, and what little remained of the party instantly
Sahrawi_National_Union_Party
International efforts to resolve the Western Sahara conflict
after Spain withdrew from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords. Beginning in 1975, the Polisario Front, backed by Algeria, waged a
Western_Sahara_peace_process
Nobility system in Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Sharifism
1472–1554 Berber dynasty ruling Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Wattasid_dynasty
1991 UN proposal for a referendum on Western Sahara
march, Spain divided the territory between Morocco and Mauritania under Madrid Accords. The Polisario Front was formed by Sahrawi people in 1973. The group
Settlement_Plan
Forced exodus of Moroccans
were granted Algerian nationality. The expulsion was a response to the Madrid Accords (which did not include the consultation of Algeria nor the POLISARIO
Expulsion of Moroccans from Algeria
Expulsion_of_Moroccans_from_Algeria
Four historical capital cities
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Imperial_cities_of_Morocco
Organisation of militias fighting for Moroccan independence from France and Spain
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Moroccan_Army_of_Liberation
remains the de jure administering power of Western Sahara since the Madrid Accords violated Article 73 of the UN Charter and failed to be endorsed by the
List of active national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
List_of_active_national_liberation_movements_recognized_by_intergovernmental_organizations
Country in Southern and Western Europe
remains the de jure administering power of Western Sahara since the Madrid Accords violated Article 73 of the UN Charter and failed to be endorsed by the
Spain
Moroccan anti-colonial national liberation movement
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Revolution of the King and the People
Revolution_of_the_King_and_the_People
Event occurred during Sahara War at Smara
as early as 1975. This conflict arose from the Green March and the Madrid Accords, which divided the territory between the two countries. The independence
Battle_of_Smara_(1979)
on October 12, 1975, with the leadership of said movement. After the Madrid Accords of 1975, Spain disengaged itself leaving the territory to Morocco and
Flag_of_Western_Sahara
Type of territory defined by the United Nations Charter
remains the de jure administering power of Western Sahara since the Madrid Accords violated Article 73 of the UN Charter and failed to be endorsed by the
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories
1921–1926 republic in Morocco
2013-07-08. Martín, Miguel: El colonialismo español en Marruecos (1860-1956). Madrid: Club de Amigos de la UNESCO, 2002. Ramos Oliver, Francisco (2013). "Las
Republic_of_the_Rif
1978 political agreement between Egypt and Israel
original text related to this article: Camp David Accords Text of the Accords, Israeli government Text of Accords and additional material, Carter Library Israel's
Camp_David_Accords
Topics referred to by the same term
Madrid Agreement can refer to: Madrid system, the international system to facilitate the registration of trademarks Madrid Accords, a 1975 treaty to end
Madrid Agreement (disambiguation)
Madrid_Agreement_(disambiguation)
Displaced ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Sahrawi_refugees
Region of Western Sahara
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Free_Zone_(region)
Place in Western Sahara
the former Spanish colony from the north and south according to the Madrid Accords, Guelta Zemmur acted as a stopping-point for refugees en route to the
Guelta_Zemmur
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
List of wars involving the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
List_of_wars_involving_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
Place in Western Sahara
200 km to the north in 1884. In 1975, as Spain pulled out following the Madrid Accords, Morocco sought to gain control over the area, leading to disputes between
Cape_Bojador
King of Spain from 1975 to 2014
invasion of the Spanish Sahara by Moroccan civilians, followed by the Madrid Accords handing over the control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania
Juan_Carlos_I
Place in Western Sahara
took control of Saguia Elhamra as Spain withdrew, according to the Madrid Accords. The Moroccan army took the city from the Polisario Front in 1976. Near
Smara
1963 conflict between Algeria and Morocco
After the four leaders met alone on October 30, a truce was declared. The accord mandated a ceasefire for November 2 and announced that a commission consisting
Sand_War
1912–1956 French protectorate in northwest Africa
on the other. Germany took immediate diplomatic action to block the new accord from going into effect, including the dramatic visit of Wilhelm II to Tangier
French protectorate in Morocco
French_protectorate_in_Morocco
1970 uprising in the Spanish-ruled Moroccan Sahara
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Zemla_Intifada
Irredentist national claim in Western Africa
Spain into dividing the territory between Morocco and Mauritania in the Madrid Accords. That, however, did not take into account an Advisory Opinion by the
Greater_Mauritania
1990s Israeli–Palestinian peace agreements
The Oslo Accords are a pair of interim agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington
Oslo_Accords
Moroccan sultanate (1666–1912)
investments and to demand economic concessions. Hassan I called for the Madrid Conference of 1880 in response to France and Spain's abuse of the protégé
Alawi_Sultanate
Migration into the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara
Occidental: 40 años después [Western Sahara: 40 years later] (in Spanish). Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata. pp. 41–54. ISBN 978-84-9097-132-1. Martín, Juan
Moroccan_settlers
Ghost town in Spain, Western Sahara
remains the de jure administering power of Western Sahara since the Madrid Accords violated Article 73 of the UN Charter and failed to be endorsed by the
La_Güera
1860 treaty between Morocco and Spain
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Treaty_of_Wad_Ras
1912 treaty establishing French Morocco
businessmen, adventurers, and even missionaries—dramatically increased after the Madrid Conference of 1880, which was held at the behest of Sultan Hassan I in response
Treaty_of_Fes
Political initiative in Morocco
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Western Sahara autonomy proposal
Western_Sahara_autonomy_proposal
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Beni_ʿAmir
Territory of Western Sahara
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Saguia_el-Hamra
Collection of refugee camps set up in the Tindouf Province, Algeria
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Sahrawi_refugee_camps
Battles fought between Mauritania and the Polisario Front during the Western Sahara War
Sahara, which was the zone agreed to be annexed by Mauritania in the Madrid Accords. Mauritanian troops were confronted by Polisario Front guerrillas, forcing
Battles of La Güera and Tichla
Battles_of_La_Güera_and_Tichla
Sahrawi President from 1976 to 2016
relinquished control of the area to Mauritania and Morocco in the 1975 Madrid Accords, Polisario declared the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), leading
Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician)
Mohamed_Abdelaziz_(Sahrawi_politician)
as Spanish Sahara, and after the tripartite agreement, known as the Madrid Accords, the territory was partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in 1976
Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Politics_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
6 captured Green March (1975) Morocco Spain Spanish Sahara Victory Madrid Accords Spain leaves the territory Unknown Western Sahara War (1975–1991) Morocco
List of wars involving Morocco
List_of_wars_involving_Morocco
Concept in political science
Sahara occurred in two stages: 1976 and 1979. In 1975, and following the Madrid Accords between Mauritania, Morocco, and Spain, the last Spanish troops withdrew
Annexation
Trump's Abraham Accords Have Not Meant Mideast Peace". 13 July 2025. Retrieved 18 August 2025. Singer, Joel (June 2021). "The Abraham Accords: Normalization
Zionism_in_Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Economy_of_Morocco
Roman province in modern-day Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Mauretania_Tingitana
Overview of and topical guide to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
uniformed), and meeting very little response by the Sahrawi Polisario Front. Madrid Accords – treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to end the Spanish presence
Outline of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Outline_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic
President of Mauritania from 1960 to 1978
officially defunct Moroccan territorial demands on Mauritania. Following the Madrid Accords with Spain, Mauritania annexed a southern portion of the territory,
Moktar_Ould_Daddah
Spanish military officer
evacuation and demilitarization operation after the signing of the Madrid Accords, a process that would conclude in January 1976. In 1976, back in Spain
Federico_Gómez_de_Salazar
Moroccan political and military leader (1882/1883–1963)
a Spanish education, the latter studying mine engineering in Málaga and Madrid. Both spoke fluent Spanish and Riffian. In a 1952 interview with the weekly
Abd_el-Krim
the war signing the Treaty of Badajoz (1801) with Spain and the Treaty of Madrid (1801) with France. Following the refusal to enter in alliance against the
List_of_wars_involving_France
1975 non-binding European and North American political agreement
support for the Helsinki Accords, which had the impact of overall weakening his foreign-policy stature. Ronald Reagan made the Accords a centerpiece of his
Helsinki_Accords
Spain. The independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Conference of Madrid in 1880, with France also gaining significant influence over Morocco. Germany
History_of_Morocco
Geocultural region in Asia and Africa
withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred administrative control of the territory to
Arab_world
1591–1833 Moroccan polity in West Africa
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Pashalik_of_Timbuktu
Former currency of Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Falus
Sultan of Morocco from 1672 to 1727
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Ismail_Ibn_Sharif
Sultan of Morocco from 1873 to 1894
called for an international conference on the issue, and the Treaty of Madrid was signed on 3 July 1880 to limit the practice, an important event of Hassan's
Hassan_I_of_Morocco
Part of the Western Sahara conflict
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Second_Sahrawi_Intifada
Topics referred to by the same term
Morocco and other Powers Treaty of Madrid (1891), giving France legal protection of the term "champagne" Madrid Accords (1975), between Spain, Morocco, and
Treaty_of_Madrid
United Nations peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara
Sufi brotherhood in Morocco
Mapfre (ed.). Los Moriscos antes y después de la expulsión (in Spanish). Madrid. p. 106. ISBN 84-7100-249-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher
Zawiya_Dila'iya
Berber tribal confederation in Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Barghawata
Historical Medieval city in Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Sijilmasa
Arab Hilal tribe living in Morocco
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Beni_Khirane
1976 battle of the Western Sahara War
from the Spanish-led Tropas Nómadas and territorial police. Under the Madrid Accords of 14 November 1975, Spain agreed to divide the region between Morocco
First_Battle_of_Amgala
Sahrawi singer (1958–2015)
singers, poets or dancers. In 1975, following the Green March and the Madrid Accords which ceded the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, she went with her
Mariem_Hassan
Arabian tribe
Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara War 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)
Ahl_Rachida
Canton of Switzerland
CHF330 million/year nowadays. Cooperation increased following the 1980 Madrid accords on the Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation. However, it
Canton_of_Geneva
1510–1659 state in Morocco and Northwest Africa
Saadian culverin was cast at Marrakesh in 1539 by a Morisco craftsman from Madrid. Cannon and gunpowder were subsequently manufactured at Marrakesh, Fez and
Saadi_Sultanate
French military intervention
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Opération_Lamantin
Part of the Western Sahara conflict
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
First_Sahrawi_Intifada
2000 UN-proposed solution to the Western Sahara conflict
Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab Polisario Front Sahrawi National Union Party Madrid Accords Partition agreement Regions Saguia el-Hamra Río de Oro Moroccan-occupied
Baker_Plan
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