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Statistical classification in machine learning
simpler definition is to say that a linear classifier is one whose decision boundaries are linear. Such classifiers work well for practical problems such
Linear_classifier
Database of handwritten digits
achieved on the database by researchers using a new classifier called the LIRA, which is a neural classifier with three neuron layers based on Rosenblatt's
MNIST_database
Algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers
specific class. It is a type of linear classifier, i.e. a classification algorithm that makes its predictions based on a linear predictor function combining
Perceptron
Method used in statistics, pattern recognition, and other fields
of objects or events. The resulting combination may be used as a linear classifier, or, more commonly, for dimensionality reduction before later classification
Linear_discriminant_analysis
Probabilistic classification algorithm
is what gives the classifier its name. These classifiers are some of the simplest Bayesian network models. Naive Bayes classifiers generally perform worse
Naive_Bayes_classifier
Set of methods for supervised statistical learning
as the maximum-margin hyperplane and the linear classifier it defines is known as a maximum-margin classifier; or equivalently, the perceptron of optimal
Support_vector_machine
Categorization of data using statistics
classification, especially in a concrete implementation, is known as a classifier. The term "classifier" sometimes also refers to the mathematical function, implemented
Statistical_classification
Statistical classifier in machine learning
In statistics, a quadratic classifier is a statistical classifier that uses a quadratic decision surface to separate measurements of two or more classes
Quadratic_classifier
Topics referred to by the same term
e.g.: Hierarchical classifier Linear classifier Deductive classifier Classifier (UML), in software engineering Subobject classifier, in category theory
Classifier
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
regression (LARS) Classifiers Probabilistic classifier Naive Bayes classifier Binary classifier Linear classifier Hierarchical classifier Dimensionality
Outline_of_machine_learning
Geometric property of a pair of sets of points in Euclidean geometry
as the maximum-margin hyperplane and the linear classifier it defines is known as a maximum margin classifier. More formally, given some training data
Linear_separability
Explainable AI technique
shrinking the parameter count for the linear classifier head. The final output logits are calculated as the linear sum of the GAP values, weights and bias:
Class_activation_mapping
Statistical modeling method
method Errors and residuals Lack-of-fit sum of squares Line fitting Linear classifier Linear equation Logistic regression M-estimator Multivariate adaptive
Linear_regression
Mathematical model used for classification or regression
the behavior of what we observed from the training data-set by the linear classifier method. Using the joint feature vector ϕ ( x , y ) {\displaystyle
Discriminative_model
Machine learning algorithm
from the decision boundary for each data sample. For instance, if a linear classifier is used, the distance (typically Euclidean, though others may be used)
Margin_classifier
Subset of artificial intelligence
category. An SVM training algorithm is a non-probabilistic, binary, linear classifier, although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic
Machine_learning
Statement in computational learning theory
no larger than the dimensionality + 1 is linearly separable; in jargon, it is said that a linear classifier shatters any point set with N ≤ d + 1 {\displaystyle
Cover's_theorem
Statistics and machine learning technique
optimal classifier represents a hypothesis that is not necessarily in H {\displaystyle H} . The hypothesis represented by the Bayes optimal classifier, however
Ensemble_learning
Ensemble learning method
classified wrongly by this classifier, decrease if correctly Form the final strong classifier as the linear combination of the T classifiers (coefficient larger
Boosting_(machine_learning)
Research field that lies at the intersection of machine learning and computer security
influence on the classifier, the security violation and their specificity. Classifier influence: An attack can influence the classifier by disrupting the
Adversarial_machine_learning
Distance from a data point to a decision boundary
as the maximum-margin hyperplane, and the linear classifier it defines is known as a maximum margin classifier (or, equivalently, the perceptron of optimal
Margin_(machine_learning)
Algorithm from machine learning
winnow algorithm is a technique from machine learning for learning a linear classifier from labeled examples. It is very similar to the perceptron algorithm
Winnow_(algorithm)
Sending data between network nodes when an event of interest is triggered at a sensor
{x} )} for j ≠ i {\displaystyle j\neq i} . The linear classifier for this support vector machine classifier is, g ( x ) = ∑ i = 1 Q α i K ( x , x i ) + b
Event_detection_for_WSN
Class of algorithms for pattern analysis
is the support-vector machine (SVM). These methods involve using linear classifiers to solve nonlinear problems. The general task of pattern analysis
Kernel_method
Linear function of explanatory variables used to predict a dependent variable
in linear regression, where the coefficients are called regression coefficients. However, they also occur in various types of linear classifiers (e.g
Linear_predictor_function
Loss function in machine learning
have been proposed. For example, Crammer and Singer defined it for a linear classifier as ℓ ( y ) = max ( 0 , 1 + max y ≠ t w y x − w t x ) {\displaystyle
Hinge_loss
Classification model in machine learning
In machine learning, a nearest centroid classifier or nearest prototype classifier is a classification model that assigns to observations the label of
Nearest_centroid_classifier
symmetric Perceptron: the simplest kind of feedforward neural network: a linear classifier. Pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNN): Neural models proposed by modeling
List_of_algorithms
Topics referred to by the same term
models Linear classifier, a decision algorithm with linear boundaries, i.e. that makes a classification decision for each object based on a linear combination
Linear_(disambiguation)
Interdisciplinary research area
beyond 1 gigabyte per second in 2013. Using non-linear photonics to implement an all-optical linear classifier, a perceptron model was capable of learning
Quantum_machine_learning
Classification algorithm in statistics
In statistical classification, the Bayes classifier is the classifier having the smallest probability of misclassification of all classes using the same
Bayes_classifier
Non-parametric classification method
method. The most intuitive nearest neighbour type classifier is the one nearest neighbour classifier that assigns a point x to the class of its closest
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
AI whose outputs can be understood by humans
(2015-07-10). Suarez, Oscar Deniz (ed.). "On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation". PLOS ONE. 10 (7) e0130140
Explainable artificial intelligence
Explainable_artificial_intelligence
Emotion modeling in AI
successful classifier which will allow for quick and accurate emotion identification. As of 2010[update], the most frequently used classifiers were linear discriminant
Affective_computing
sampling Linear classifier Linear discriminant analysis Linear least squares Linear model Linear prediction Linear probability model Linear regression
List_of_statistics_articles
Optimization algorithm
descent – changes one coordinate at a time, rather than one example Linear classifier Online machine learning Stochastic hill climbing Stochastic variance
Stochastic_gradient_descent
Method in machine learning
Subspace Method for One-Class Classifiers". In Sansone, Carlo; Kittler, Josef; Roli, Fabio (eds.). Multiple Classifier Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer
Random_subspace_method
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
neighbor classifier to the cluster centers obtained by k-means classifies new data into the existing clusters. This is known as nearest centroid classifier or
K-means_clustering
Variant of the SVM algorithm
be used to find the boundary (classifier) that specifies the order of them. In the linear case, such boundary (classifier) is a vector. Suppose c i {\displaystyle
Ranking_SVM
is a linear binary classifier: a vector of weights w (and optionally an intercept term b, omitted here for simplicity) that is used to classify a sample
Kernel_perceptron
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
classification (it is not a classifier), though it can be used to make a classifier, for instance by choosing a cutoff value and classifying inputs with probability
Logistic_regression
System of resource-aware logic
Linear logic is a substructural logic proposed by French logician Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the dualities
Linear_logic
Sum of elements on the main diagonal
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is defined as a sum of the elements on its main diagonal, a 11 + a 22 + ⋯ + a n n {\displaystyle
Trace_(linear_algebra)
Paradigm of rule-based machine learning methods
of rules/classifiers, rather than any single rule/classifier. In Michigan-style LCS, the entire trained (and optionally, compacted) classifier population
Learning_classifier_system
Concept in game theory
(2015-07-10). Suarez, Oscar Deniz (ed.). "On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation". PLOS ONE. 10 (7) e0130140
Shapley_value
Principle in statistical learning theory
min} }}\,{R(h)}.} For classification problems, the Bayes classifier is defined to be the classifier minimizing the risk defined with the 0–1 loss function
Empirical_risk_minimization
Quantitative measurement of accuracy
Evaluation of a binary classifier typically assigns a numerical value, or values, to a classifier that represent its accuracy. An example is error rate
Evaluation of binary classifiers
Evaluation_of_binary_classifiers
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
classification model (classifier or diagnosis) is a mapping of instances between certain classes/groups. Because the classifier or diagnosis result can
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Iterative method for finding a linear decision boundary
framework to enable non-linear classification by implicitly mapping data to a higher-dimensional feature space. Linear classifier Perceptron Pattern recognition
Ho–Kashyap_algorithm
Machine learning paradigm
graphs, etc.) Multilinear subspace learning Naive Bayes classifier Maximum entropy classifier Conditional random field Nearest neighbor algorithm Probably
Supervised_learning
Hypersurface used by a classification algorithm
underlying vector space into two sets, one for each class. The classifier will classify all the points on one side of the decision boundary as belonging
Decision_boundary
Dividing things between two categories
model Genetic Programming Multi expression programming Linear genetic programming Each classifier is best in only a select domain based upon the number
Binary_classification
Model for generating observable data in probability and statistics
classifier based on a generative model is a generative classifier, while a classifier based on a discriminative model is a discriminative classifier,
Generative_model
Automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data
)\operatorname {d} {\boldsymbol {\theta }}.} The first pattern classifier – the linear discriminant presented by Fisher – was developed in the frequentist
Pattern_recognition
Regression for more than two discrete outcomes
Bayes classifier, and thus may not be appropriate given a very large number of classes to learn. In particular, learning in a naive Bayes classifier is a
Multinomial logistic regression
Multinomial_logistic_regression
Notion in supervised machine learning
single-parametric threshold classifier on real numbers; i.e., for a certain threshold θ {\displaystyle \theta } , the classifier f θ {\displaystyle f_{\theta
Vapnik–Chervonenkis_dimension
Type of differential equation
PDE is called linear if it is linear in the unknown and its derivatives. For example, for a function u of x and y, a second order linear PDE is of the
Partial_differential_equation
Machine learning algorithm
classifiers return 1, then the algorithm returns "face detected". For this reason, the Viola-Jones classifier is also called "Haar cascade classifier"
Viola–Jones object detection framework
Viola–Jones_object_detection_framework
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
}}_{t}}}>0} is always true. Classifier guidance was proposed in 2021 to improve class-conditional generation by using a classifier. The original publication
Diffusion_model
Python library for machine learning
Fitting a random forest classifier: >>> from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier >>> classifier = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0) >>> X
Scikit-learn
Idempotent linear transformation from a vector space to itself
In linear algebra and functional analysis, a projection is a linear transformation P {\displaystyle P} from a vector space to itself (an endomorphism)
Projection_(linear_algebra)
Adaptive boosting based classification algorithm
harder-to-classify examples. AdaBoost refers to a particular method of training a boosted classifier. A boosted classifier is a classifier of the form
AdaBoost
analysis Linear classifier Logit (for logistic regression) Machine learning Multidimensional scaling Perceptron Preference regression Quadratic classifier Statistics
Optimal discriminant analysis and classification tree analysis
Optimal_discriminant_analysis_and_classification_tree_analysis
Type of software system
They utilise this semantics to provide input to the deductive classifier. The classifier in turn can analyze a given model (known as an ontology) and determine
Reasoning_system
category of finitely presented rings with the Zariski topology. The classifying topos for linear orders with distinct largest and smallest elements of a topos
Classifying_topos
column gives the classifier's literal meaning within quotation marks and its principal uses. See Chinese classifier → Verbal classifiers. Hokkien counter
List_of_Chinese_classifiers
Difficulties arising when analyzing data with many aspects ("dimensions")
already part of the classifier) is greater (or less) than the size of this additional feature set, the expected error of the classifier constructed using
Curse_of_dimensionality
Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA), Golub Classifier, Parzen-based, (kernel) Fisher Discriminant Classifier, k-nearest neighbor, Iterative RELIEF, Classification
Mlpy
Ambiguous term in statistics
out to be 30 percent." Calibration in classification means transforming classifier scores into class membership probabilities. An overview of calibration
Calibration_(statistics)
Early single-layer artificial neural network
ADALINE (Adaptive Linear Neuron or later Adaptive Linear Element) is an early single-layer artificial neural network and the name of the physical device
ADALINE
problem of the popular naive Bayes classifier. It frequently develops substantially more accurate classifiers than naive Bayes at the cost of a modest
Averaged one-dependence estimators
Averaged_one-dependence_estimators
German neuroscientist and cognitive psychologist
Sack also decoded distributed occipito-parietal EEG signals with a linear classifier during a working memory retention interval, while using a sensory
Alexander_T._Sack
Concepts from linear algebra
In linear algebra, an eigenvector (/ˈaɪɡən-/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is a (nonzero) vector that has its direction unchanged (or reversed) by
Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors
Supervised boosting classification model
Linear Programming Boosting (LPBoost) is a supervised classifier from the boosting family of classifiers. LPBoost maximizes a margin between training samples
LPBoost
Information-theoretic measure
{\displaystyle k^{th}} classifier, q k {\displaystyle q^{k}} is the output probability of the k t h {\displaystyle k^{th}} classifier, p {\displaystyle p}
Cross-entropy
Mathematical set with some added structure
subobject classifier. This subobject classifier functions like the set of all possible truth values. In the topos of sets, the subobject classifier is the
Space_(mathematics)
American computer scientist
Conover, A. Wong, A. Nematzadeh, F. Pan, H. Shatkay, and L.M. Rocha, A Linear Classifier Based on Entity Recognition Tools and a Statistical Approach to Method
Luis_M._Rocha
Optical machine-readable representation of data
Silver filed a patent application for "Classifying Apparatus and Method", in which they described both the linear and bull's eye printing patterns, as well
Barcode
Graph with nodes connected linearly
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a path graph (or linear graph) is a graph whose vertices can be listed in the order v1, v2, ..., vn such that
Path_graph
Machine learning problem
In machine learning, a probabilistic classifier is a classifier that is able to predict, given an observation of an input, a probability distribution over
Probabilistic_classification
Branch of mathematics
variables. Linear algebra is a closely related field that investigates linear equations and combinations of them called systems of linear equations. It
Algebra
Type of feedforward neural network
organized in layers, notable for being able to distinguish data that is not linearly separable. Modern neural networks are trained using backpropagation and
Multilayer_perceptron
Convention of symbols representing language
diacritics can be characterized as less linear than those without. In the initial historical distinction, linear writing systems (e.g. the Phoenician alphabet)
Writing_system
Automatic analysis of syntactic structure of natural language
sequence of transitions from gold trees which are then fed to a classifier. The classifier learns which of the three operations is optimal given the current
Syntactic parsing (computational linguistics)
Syntactic_parsing_(computational_linguistics)
Supervised machine learning techniques
Collins. This algorithm combines the perceptron algorithm for learning linear classifiers with an inference algorithm (classically the Viterbi algorithm when
Structured_prediction
Machine learning algorithm
algorithm that generalizes the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Whereas the SVM classifier supports binary classification, multiclass classification
Structured support vector machine
Structured_support_vector_machine
Mathematical model of the time dependence of a point in space
^{-t}(x)).} By studying the spectral properties of the linear operator U it becomes possible to classify the ergodic properties of Φ t. In using the Koopman
Dynamical_system
Branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures
studies abstract algebraic structures by representing their elements as linear transformations of vector spaces, and studies modules over these abstract
Representation_theory
Method in machine learning
{\displaystyle D_{i}} Finally classifier C ∗ {\displaystyle C^{*}} is generated by using the previously created set of classifiers C i {\displaystyle C_{i}}
Bootstrap_aggregating
Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) Logistic regression Max-Kernel Search Naive Bayes Classifier Nearest neighbor search with dual-tree algorithms Neighbourhood Components
Mlpack
Mairesse gave a simpler proof of the impossibility to have a perfect density classifier, which holds both for deterministic and stochastic cellular and for any
Majority_problem
Geometric transformation that preserves lines but not angles nor the origin
be represented as the composition of a linear transformation on X and a translation of X. Unlike a purely linear transformation, an affine transformation
Affine_transformation
redirect targets Bayes Business School – Business school in London Bayes classifier – Classification algorithm in statistics Bayes discriminability index –
List of things named after Thomas Bayes
List_of_things_named_after_Thomas_Bayes
Type of artificial neural network
Elsevier Pub. Co. Amari, Shun'ichi (1967). "A theory of adaptive pattern classifier". IEEE Transactions. EC (16): 279-307. Linnainmaa, Seppo (1970). The representation
Feedforward_neural_network
Loss function used in robust regression
used. Given a prediction f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} (a real-valued classifier score) and a true binary class label y ∈ { + 1 , − 1 } {\displaystyle
Huber_loss
Image classification model
discussed. The simplest one is Naive Bayes classifier. Using the language of graphical models, the Naive Bayes classifier is described by the equation below.
Bag-of-words model in computer vision
Bag-of-words_model_in_computer_vision
Approach in generative models
al., allow any classifier with softmax output to be interpreted as energy-based model. The key observation is that such a classifier is trained to predict
Energy-based_model
Type of mathematical group
to be linear if there exists a field K, an integer d and an injective homomorphism from G to the general linear group GLd (K) (a faithful linear representation
Linear_group
Machine learning overlay technique for position sizing and trade filtering
representing short, neutral, or long positions. Secondary model (M2): A binary classifier trained to predict whether the primary model's prediction will be profitable
Meta-Labeling
Van Bork (producer) color 8m 1972 video [346] The Ghost of Captain Peale: Linear Measurement and Mapping with Metric Units (Davidson Films); Elizabeth Janeway
List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
List_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica_Films_titles
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Einarr, EINAR means "lone warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a whitewasher, Middle English limer, lymer, an agent derivative of Old English līm ‘lime’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lingart, Lancashire, or Lingards Wood in Marsden, West Yorkshire, both named from Old English līn ‘flax’ + garðr ‘enclosure’.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Linsey, LINSAY means "Lincoln's wetlands."
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Sun
Male
Yiddish
 Variant spelling of Yiddish Lieber, LIBER means "beloved." Compare with another form of Liber.
Male
Greek
(ΑἰνÎας) Variant spelling of Greek AineÃas, AINEAS means "praiseworthy."
Male
English
Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Fionnbarr, FINBAR means "fair-headed."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lingam
Female
English
English name probably derived from Germanic lindi, LINDA means "serpent."Â In some cases, it may have been derived from the Spanish word for "pretty."
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon; of Cornish origin)
English (Devon; of Cornish origin) : topographic name for someone who lived by a menhir, i.e. a tall standing stone erected in prehistoric times (Cornish men ‘stone’ + hir ‘long’).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Lanier 1.Dutch : variant of Leonard.Jewish (western Ashkenazic) : name taken by someone who was good at chanting the Pentateuch at public worship in the synagogue or who regularly did so, from West Yiddish layner ‘reader’ (a derivative of West Yiddish laynen ‘to read’, which comes ultimately from Latin legere ‘to read’).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a flax grower or merchant, from German Lein ‘flax’ + agent suffix -er.
Female
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Lilias, LILEAS means "lily."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Lingard.French : occupational name for a maker of or dealer in linen goods, from Old French linge ‘linen (goods)’ (see Linge 1).
Surname or Lastname
Swedish
Swedish : ornamental name from lind ‘lime tree’ + either the German suffix -er denoting an inhabitant, or the surname suffix -ér, derived from the Latin adjectival ending -er(i)us.English (mainly southeastern) : variant of Lind 2.German : habitational name from any of numerous places called Linden or Lindern, named with German Linden ‘lime trees’.
Girl/Female
Irish
Eimear possessed the “Six Gifts of Womanhood†– “beauty, a gentle voice, sweet words, wisdom, needlework and chastity!†She was bethrothed to the warrior Cuchulainn (read the legend) when they were children and they loved each other very deeply. But Cuchulainn had “a wandering eye†and Eimear endured this, realizing “everything new is fair,†but when he made love to Fand, wife of the sea god Manannan, Eimear confronted the lovers. After seeing the strength of Fand’s love she offered to withdraw. Touched by this display of unselfishness, Fand left Cuchulainn and returned to the sea. When Cuchulainn died Eimear spoke movingly and lovingly at his graveside.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from Line.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Love unending
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornish)
English (Cornish) : habitational name from a place named with Cornish lan ‘church’. In England this surname is now found chiefly in the southern counties of Wiltshire and Hampshire, and Berkshire; it has no doubt moved there from Cornwall.
Boy/Male
Irish
Meaning “â€fair-haired,â€â€ the name has been popular since the sixth century when St. Finbar came to an area of Cork that was being tormented by a serpent. The people begged him to do something to help them. One night he went to where the serpent was sleeping and sprinkled it with holy water. The angry serpent tore and devoured the land until she slithered into the sea at Cork Harbor. The track she left behind filled with water and became the River Lee and that’s why St. Finbar is the patron saint of Cork. It is said that the sun didn’t set for two weeks after Finbar’s death.
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rivulet, River, Stream, Little creek
Boy/Male
Indian
Guide
Boy/Male
Australian, Greek
Son of Odysseus
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.According to family lore, this name was brought to the southern States by a certain Isaac I. Kirksey in the second half of the 17th century. He is believed to have been born in about 1660, probably in one of the midland counties of England.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Crystal Clear
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Attachment
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of Peace
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Born in Water; Goddess Lakshmi
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
LINEAR CLASSIFIER
a.
Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs.
a.
Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived from ancestors; -- opposed to collateral; as, a lineal descent or a lineal descendant.
n.
One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.
prep. & adv.
Near.
v. t.
To convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render sour or sharp.
a.
Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle.
adv.
In a linear manner; with lines.
a.
Of a linear shape.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or included by, two lines; as, bilinear coordinates.
a.
Linear.
a.
Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; as, a linear leaf.
a.
Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction; lineal.
n.
A lunar distance.
n.
Alt. of Lingam
n.
A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of-battle ship; a ship of the line.
a.
In the direction of a line; of or pertaining to a line; measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; as, lineal magnitude.
n.
A dealer in linen; a linen draper.
n.
One who lines, as, a liner of shoes.
n.
Made of linen; as, linen cloth; a linen stocking.
v. t.
To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a copy book.