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Body of practices intended to cause a desired change in language
Language policy is both an interdisciplinary academic field and implementation of ideas about language use. Some scholars such as Joshua Fishman and Ofelia
Language_policy
and media. That is despite the government decision to implement a language policy of ignoring French after gaining independence, for the sake of creating
Languages_of_Morocco
Laws of Ukraine regarding language
The language policy in Ukraine is based on the constitution of Ukraine, international treaties and on domestic legislation. According to article 10 of
Language_policy_in_Ukraine
character orthography. The Chinese language policy in mainland China is heavily influenced by the Soviet nationalities policy and officially encourages the
Languages_of_China
North Germanic language
vocabulary is also deeply conservative, with the country's language regulator maintaining an active policy of coining terms based on older Icelandic words rather
Icelandic_language
French as the sole official language
liberty of language for all citizens of the Republic; this policy was subsequently abandoned in favour of the imposition of a common language which was
Language_policy_in_France
Corporate language policy is a broad category covering the internal governance and management of language in private organisations. This differs from
Corporate_language_policy
understanding of Hebrew. Several laws determine the official status of languages and language policy in Israel. This complicated situation has led to several appeals
Languages_of_Israel
3(3) TEU). In the EU, language policy is the responsibility of member states, and the EU does not have a common language policy; EU institutions play
Languages of the European Union
Languages_of_the_European_Union
Policies and laws regarding Chinese languages
Language policy in the People's Republic of China (PRC) includes the policies and laws designed to promote the Beijing variety of Standard Mandarin Chinese
Language_policy_in_China
are consistently reported as Persian, Azeri and Kurdish. The current language policy of Iran is addressed in Chapter Two of the Constitution of the Islamic
Languages_of_Iran
Telugu language policy is a policy issue in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with 84 percent of the population reporting Telugu as their
Telugu_language_policy
recognizes only a single national language, and indigenous languages are recognized at the regional level, although policies may vary from one region to another
Languages_of_Indonesia
Finnish Sign Language, Finland-Swedish Sign Language and Karelian. Finnish is a Finnic language which is part of the broader Uralic language family. It
Languages_of_Finland
Constitution of Latvia form the foundation for language policy in Latvia, declaring Latvian to be the official state language and affirming the rights of ethnic minorities
Language_policy_in_Latvia
Pashto were the only languages promoted by the government. Though policy has since changed, it has still harmed many minority languages of the country. The
Languages_of_Afghanistan
Language with de jure or de facto national status
Vietnamese language was officially described as the National Language. Ethnolect Indigenous language Language policy Regional language Standard language Official
National_language
diversity, the language policy in Singapore aims at cultivating amongst its citizens a bilingual proficiency in the English language and a mother tongue
Language planning and policy in Singapore
Language_planning_and_policy_in_Singapore
most widely spoken language in Uganda, especially in the capital city Kampala, is English, which has been the country's official language since 1962, followed
Languages_of_Uganda
Current education policy of India
any particular language and that the medium of instruction will not be shifted from English to any regional language. The language policy in NEP is a broad
National Education Policy 2020
National_Education_Policy_2020
Dictatorial establishment of a single official language
1939 to 1975, language policies were implemented in an attempt to increase the dominance of the Spanish language over the other languages of Spain. Franco's
Language policies of Francoist Spain
Language_policies_of_Francoist_Spain
Language policy in the Soviet Union
was used for all languages of the Soviet Union without a traditional alphabetical writing system, avoiding the impression that the policy was a Russification
Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union
Guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes
streams framework Overton window Pattern language Policy alienation Policy analysis Policy Governance Policy studies Political science Program evaluation
Policy
language education policy mandates a dual-language learning system, with English being the main medium of instruction. Learning a second language has been compulsory
Languages_of_Singapore
Languages of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages
Languages_of_India
Policy and usage of languages in Rwanda
Language policy in Rwanda is the set of constitutional provisions, laws, and government decisions that govern the status, use, and teaching of languages
Language_policy_in_Rwanda
other languages. The language policy in North Macedonia is regulated by the 7 Article of the Constitution of North Macedonia and the Law of languages. According
Languages_of_North_Macedonia
1977 law in Quebec, Canada
government. It is the central piece of legislation that forms Quebec's language policy and one of the three principal statutes upon which the cohesion of
Charter of the French Language
Charter_of_the_French_Language
counter the expansion of Prussia. However, after the Belgian Revolution, language policy changed in favor of German while French was maintained. Further, by
Languages_of_Luxembourg
In 1696, the government of Charles II reversed that policy and banned the use of any languages other than Spanish throughout New Spain. Beginning in
Languages_of_Mexico
demotion of prior local languages into "dialects" across cultural and educational landscapes resulted in a pushback of the policy and eventually rescinded
Language policy in Taiwan during martial law
Language_policy_in_Taiwan_during_martial_law
"On the Principles of State Language Policy", which allowed a language to be elevated to the status of a "regional language" if it is spoken by at least
Languages_of_Ukraine
Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil, being widely spoken by nearly all of its population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking
Languages_of_Brazil
Eastern Iranian language
Afghan control over their foreign policy. In the 1930s, a movement began to take hold to promote Pashto as a language of government, administration, and
Pashto
West Germanic language
Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that emerged in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca. The language is named
English_language
Language policies in Canada
Across Canada's provinces and territories, language policies vary. Although the federal government operates as an officially bilingual institution, providing
Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories
Language_policies_of_Canada's_provinces_and_territories
Karluk Turkic language
Cassels (2021). "Chinese Language Policy and Uyghur Youth: Examining Language Policies and Language Ideologies". Journal of Language, Identity & Education
Uyghur_language
Standard variety of Serbo-Croatian
Literary Language, in which a group of Croatian authors and linguists demanded greater autonomy for Croatian, is viewed in Croatia as a linguistic policy milestone
Croatian_language
Germanía Xíriga Spain portal Languages portal Iberian languages Languages of Portugal Iberian Romance languages Language policies of Francoist Spain Brohy
Languages_of_Spain
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
2022. Marley, Dawn (2004). "Language attitudes in Morocco following recent changes in language policy". Language Policy. 3 (1): 25–46. doi:10.1023/B:LPOL
Berber_languages
both English and French the official language(s) of the legislature and the courts but may also have separate policies in regards to education and the bureaucracy
Languages_of_Canada
West Germanic language spoken in South Africa
(1988), p. 256. Kaplan, R. B.; Baldauf, R. B. "Language Planning & Policy: Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South
Afrikaans
Languages designated official status by the Constitution of India
22 languages have been classified as scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. There is no national language of India
Languages with official recognition in India
Languages_with_official_recognition_in_India
to develop their languages and to establish first language primary education systems. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments
Languages_of_Ethiopia
heritage, language, museums, libraries, and sports. The United States does not have a comprehensive federal cultural policy. Most cultural policy in the
Cultural policy of the United States
Cultural_policy_of_the_United_States
Deliberate effort to influence languages or their varieties within a speech community
language ideology and language practices, language planning is part of language policy – a typology drawn from Bernard Spolsky's theory of language policy
Language_planning
as the official language in their courts. Since 2007, the official policy is to refer to the national language as the Malaysian language (Bahasa Malaysia)
List of official languages by country and territory
List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory
constitutions. Yugoslavia established its language policies at the federal, republic, and communal levels. Federal language policy was drafted by the following four
Languages_of_Yugoslavia
Language that is spoken internationally and often learned as a second language
A world language (sometimes called a global language or, rarely, an international language) is a language that is geographically widespread and makes
World_language
Language given special status in a country or territory
Bangladesh adopted the policy of 'one state one language'. The de facto national language, Bengali, is the sole official language of Bangladesh according
Official_language
Indian language learning policy
The three-language formula is a language learning policy first formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation
Three-language_formula
2012 Ukrainian legislation
"On the Principles of State Language Policy" (Ukrainian: Закон України «Про засади державної мовної політики»), also nicknamed the "Kivalov-Kolesnichenko
On the Principles of State Language Policy
On_the_Principles_of_State_Language_Policy
complementary roles of these two languages are widely recognised in academic and policy literature on Rwandan language planning, where the country is often
Languages_of_Rwanda
Cushitic language
Oromo is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch, primarily spoken by the Oromo people, native to the Ethiopian state of Oromia and northern
Oromo_language
Prime Minister of India (1966–1977; 1980–1984)
facto use of both Hindi and English as official languages. It established the official government policy of bilingualism in India and satisfied the non-Hindi-speaking
Indira_Gandhi
Today, the language policy of Malawi promotes the use of English as official language, with Chichewa and Chitumbuka being the common languages of the public
Languages_of_Malawi
The Department of Education, Language policy and Culture (Basque: Eusko Jaurlaritzako Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika eta Kultura Saila; Spanish: Departamento
Department of Education, Language policy and Culture
Department_of_Education,_Language_policy_and_Culture
Standardized national variety of Berber used in Morocco
official "language policy" is marginalizing the northern and eastern Berber languages of Morocco, and tacitly making all the Berber languages of Morocco
Standard_Moroccan_Amazigh
European territory (1815–1839)
[citation needed] Willem I felt that one nation must have one language and began a policy of Dutchification in politics and education. In the southern
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands
Change of a community's language over time
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a
Language_shift
Sotho-Tswana language spoken in South Africa
South African language. South Africa's official language policy refers to the twelve official languages of South Africa (i.e., Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana
Northern_Sotho
East Slavic language
use in administrative and business matters. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of
Russian_language
Celtic language indigenous to the island of Ireland
2020. "Irish Language Policy". Gov.ie. July 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2020. Roinn an Taoisigh (2019). Official Languages Act 2003: Language Scheme 2019–2022
Irish_language
Dravidian language
the matter remained under consideration. Critics have also linked language policy debates to incidents involving pro-Kannada organisations. In December
Kannada
Nancy H. "Language Policy, Language Education, Language Rights: Indigenous, Immigrant, and International Perspectives." Language in Society, Vol. 27
Languages_of_South_Africa
Nigerian linguist (1932–2026)
and language policy helped shape linguistic research in Nigeria and across Africa. His publications, particularly A Grammar of Yoruba (1966), Language and
Ayo_Bamgbose
West Germanic language
1940s, the Scottish Education Department's language policy was that Scots had no value: "it is not the language of 'educated' people anywhere, and could
Scots_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
Nation, One Language: An Analysis of Indonesia's National Language Policy" (PDF). University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences. 5 (1):
Indonesian_language
Extinct Karluk Turkic language
Schiffman, Harold (2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. Brill Academic
Chagatai_language
Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people
Minoritetsspråk, Language Council of Norway Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden. Language Policy, 3(2), 181–201
Sámi_languages
Languages of the region
language policies being developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism. Most languages spoken in the Caribbean are either European languages (namely
Languages_of_the_Caribbean
Efforts to promote the Ukrainian language and culture in Ukraine
[ʊkrɐjin⁽ʲ⁾iˈzɑts⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ]) is a policy or practice of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements
Ukrainization
Malaysia and Singapore: The Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy". Language Loss and Public Policy. 14 (1–2). "Malayali, Malayalam in Malaysia". Joshua
Languages_of_Malaysia
politiques linguistiques (The French language in Algeria: Language-planning and implementation of language policies). Revue d'Aménagement linguistique 107
Languages_of_Algeria
Domain-specific language used by Internet service providers
The Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL) is a language commonly used by Internet service providers to describe their routing policies. The routing
Routing Policy Specification Language
Routing_Policy_Specification_Language
Sino-Tibetan language
(1987), Language Atlas of China, Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3 Zhang, Bennan; Yang, Robin R. (2004), "Putonghua education and language policy in postcolonial
Chinese_language
Primarily Irish-speaking regions in Ireland
revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language. The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published
Gaeltacht
Language assessment rubric
adoption of the CEFR has been connected to recent changes in English language policy, efforts to reform higher education, orientation toward economic opportunities
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages
Language spoken in the Philippines
ban, but rather through a strategic shift in language policy that promoted English as the primary language for education, governance, and law. Spanish
Filipino_language
country contains two major language groups and numerous other linguistic minorities, in Canada official languages policy has always been an important
Timeline of official languages policy in Canada
Timeline_of_official_languages_policy_in_Canada
Indo-Aryan language
Hindustani language deriving from the Delhi dialect and emerged in the eighteenth century under the rule of the late Mughals. "THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF
Hindi
Political party in Spain
Catalonia advocates for a Catalan-favoring language policy and the promotion of the usage of the Catalan language. As such, they are in favor of Catalan immersion
Socialists' Party of Catalonia
Socialists'_Party_of_Catalonia
Brittonic language
2020. Harris, Trevor (October 2018). "The Welsh language in Patagonia". European Journal of Language Policy. 10 (2): 277–295. doi:10.3828/ejlp.2018.15. "Population
Welsh_language
Tibeto-Burman language
Family of Tibeto-Burman". Language and Linguistics. 13 (1): 171–192. Bradley, David (2019-10-02). "Language policy and language planning in mainland Southeast
Burmese_language
Management of personal data across media
Markup Language) and Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language, which are frameworks for expressing privacy policies in machine-readable language that a
Privacy_policy
Of all the languages of Russia, Russian, the most widely spoken language, is the only official language at the national level. There are 25 other official
Languages_of_Russia
Language-Alphabet system of North Korea
During its third phase of language policy, efforts were made to preserve the national characteristics of the Korean language by substituting foreign-derived
North Korean standard language
North_Korean_standard_language
East Slavic language
Retrieved 29 November 2017. "A review of language policy in Belarus". Frantsishak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. 3 April 2012. Archived from the
Belarusian_language
as well as non-official languages, similar to the semi-official policies proposed to Kofi Annan and Ban Ki-moon. These languages included Bengali, Hindi
Official languages of the United Nations
Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations
Bodies that are official authorities on standard varieties of a language
government language policy Proposals for an English Academy Language policy Language revival Language planning Linguistic purism Languages in censuses
List_of_language_regulators
related to Languages of Ghana. Ethnologue listing for Ghana Ethnologue map of languages in Ghana Owu-Ewie, Charles. 2006. The Language Policy of Education
Languages_of_Ghana
Country in East Asia
Maher, John C. (2017). "Language Policy and Education in Japan". In McCarty, Teresa L.; May, Stephen (eds.). Language Policy and Political Issues in Education
Japan
Politics mostly concerning issues within a country
cultural policy. Arts policy, language policy, sports policy, and museum planning are all policy areas governed by cultural policy. Economic policy pertains
Domestic_policy
Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum
Oriental Language and Civilization of the University of Paris (INALCO) The language policy of Iran from State policy on the Kurdish language: the politics
Kurdish_language
Indo-Aryan language
Schiffman, H. (2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. Brill. p. 314
Punjabi_language
Bantu language of Malawi and Zambia
languages in 1968 as a result of the president's "one nation, one language" policy. As a result, Tumbuka was removed from the school curriculum, the national
Chewa_language
Indo-Aryan language
Lashkari. The Delhi Sultanate established Persian as its official language in India, a policy continued by the Mughal Empire, which extended over most of northern
Urdu
Subfamily of the Japonic languages
suppress the Ryukyuan languages as part of their policy of forced assimilation in the islands. Children being raised in the Ryukyuan languages are becoming increasingly
Ryukyuan_languages
arisen in relation to the spelling of the words euro and cent in the many languages of the member states of the European Union, as well as in relation to
Language_and_the_euro
There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible
Varieties_of_Chinese
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