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A number of Korean dialects are spoken in Korea and by the Korean diaspora. The peninsula is very mountainous and each dialect's "territory" corresponds
Korean_dialects
Divergent northern Korean dialect
The Yukjin dialect (Yukjin Korean: 뉴웁말; Hanja: 六鎭말; RR: Nyuummal) is a variety of Korean or a separate Koreanic language spoken in the historic Yukjin
Yukjin_Korean
Language spoken in Korea
Korean is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea. In
Korean_language
Major dialect in South Korea
Gyeongsang dialects (Korean: 경상도 사투리; RR: Gyeongsangdo saturi; alternatively romanized as Kyongsang or Kyungsang), also known as Southeastern Korean (동남 방언;
Gyeongsang_dialect
Language family
family of two or three languages. Korean dialects form a dialect continuum stretching from the southern end of the Korean peninsula to Yanbian prefecture
Koreanic_languages
Sound system of the Korean language
phonology of Korean. Unless otherwise noted, statements in this article refer to the South Korean standard language based on the Seoul dialect. Korean has 19
Korean_phonology
Dialect of the Korean language
The Jeolla dialect of the Korean language, also known as Southwestern Korean, is spoken in the Jeolla (Honam) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan
Jeolla_dialect
Language-Alphabet system of North Korea
North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ (Korean: 문화어; Hancha: 文化語; lit. '"cultural language"') is the North Korean standard version of the Korean language
North Korean standard language
North_Korean_standard_language
hostility between the two states. The Korean Language Society in 1933 made the "Proposal for Unified Korean Orthography" (Korean: 한글 맞춤법 통일안; Hanja: 한글맞춤法統一案;
North–South differences in the Korean language
North–South_differences_in_the_Korean_language
Topics referred to by the same term
descent Korean culture Korean language Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Korean Korean dialects See also: North–South differences in the Korean language
Korean
Korean dialect
dialect (Korean: 평안도 사투리; MR: p'yŏngando sat'uri), alternatively Northwestern Korean (Korean: 서북 방언; Hancha: 西北方言; MR: sŏbuk pangŏn), is the Korean dialect
Pyongan_dialect
Dialect of the Korean language
Hamgyŏng dialect has palatalized both Middle Korean t(h)i-, t(h)y- and k(h)i-, k(h)y- into c(h)i-, c(h)- like the majority of Korean dialects, but unlike
Hamgyŏng_dialect
Administrative divisions of Korea during the Joseon dynasty
geographic paradigm that is still reflected today in the Korean Peninsula's administrative divisions, dialects, and regional distinctions. The names of all eight
Eight_Provinces_of_Korea
Subgroup of Koreans
Standard Korean or any other Korean dialects in the Korean Peninsula. Jejuans also have unique cultural traditions that are distinct from mainland Koreans. Modern
Jeju_people
Language family of Japan
However, some dialects in northern Honshu or southern Kyushu have syllable-based rhythm. Like Ainu, Middle Korean, and some modern Korean dialects, most Japonic
Japonic_languages
Dialect of the Korean language
The Chungcheong dialects of the Korean language are spoken in the Chungcheong (Hoseo) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan city of Daejeon
Chungcheong_dialect
Prestige dialect of the Korean language
dialect (Korean: 경기 방언; RR: Gyeonggi bangeon) or Seoul dialect (서울 방언; Seoul bangeon) of the Korean language is the prestige dialect in South Korea,
Gyeonggi_dialect
Traditional administrative divisions of the Korean Peninsula
names of Korea's traditional Eight Provinces are often also used as regional monikers. Eight Provinces of Korea Korean dialects Provinces of Korea Yanbian
Regions_of_Korea
Koreanic language of Jeju Island, South Korea
South Korea. It is not mutually intelligible with mainland Korean dialects. While it was historically considered a divergent Jeju dialect of the Korean language
Jeju_language
American linguist (born 1941)
outstanding achievements in Korean linguistics Accent and Morphology in Korean Dialects (Tower Press, 1978) "The Old Kyoto dialect and the historical development
S._Robert_Ramsey
Variant of a language
Irish Italian dialects Japanese dialects Korean dialects Varieties of Malay Malayalam languages Norwegian dialects Nguni languages Dialects of Polish Portuguese
Dialect
Korean word of support or encouragement
the word. Paiting! is limited to only South Korean dialects of the Korean language. North Korean dialects do not include paiting! due to the limited contact
Paiting
Contact language from mutually intelligible dialects of the same language
variety of Hindi dialects were conscripted to serve as indentured labourers throughout the colonial world. Speakers of the dialects came together in varying
Koiné_language
2019–2020 South Korean television series
Crash Landing on You (Korean: 사랑의 불시착) is a 2019 South Korean romantic comedy television series written by Park Ji-eun, directed by Lee Jung-hyo, and
Crash_Landing_on_You
South Korean standardised test
principle. Dialect of Korean and Jeju Language usually deal with Korean dialects in Korea and historical features in specific dialects of Korean. An additional
College Scholastic Ability Test
College_Scholastic_Ability_Test
Topical guide to the Korean language
topical guide to the Korean language: Korean – East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people. It is a member of the Koreanic language family and
Outline of the Korean language
Outline_of_the_Korean_language
Standard form of Korean in South Korea
language. It is based on the Seoul dialect, although various words are borrowed from other regional dialects. It uses the Korean alphabet, created in December
South Korean standard language
South_Korean_standard_language
Dialect of Korean spoken in former USSR
Union portal Languages portal Koreanic languages Cyrillization of Korean Korean dialects Hamgyŏng dialect Yukjin dialect Kim, German (2009). "Education
Koryo-mar
Japanese linguist (1882–1944)
researcher of Korean dialects, and traveled throughout the peninsula doing field research.[better source needed] The data he collected on dialects are still
Shinpei_Ogura
Chinese characters used in Korean writing
introduced to Korea to write Literary Chinese, they were adapted to write Korean as early as the Gojoseon period. Hanjaeo (한자어; 漢字語) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary
Hanja
pronunciations of the same character are somewhat different in Korean and the various Korean dialects, and have changed over time. For all these reasons, in addition
Names_of_Korea
Linguistic romanization scheme for Korean
romanization of Korean was developed by Samuel E. Martin and his colleagues at Yale University. It is the standard romanization of the Korean language in
Yale_romanization_of_Korean
Historical province of Korea
Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상도; Hanja: 慶尙道; Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.sa̠ŋ.do̞]) was one of the Eight Provinces of Joseon Korea. Gyeongsang was located
Gyeongsang_Province
Buchukimchi: Korean chive kimchi. Chonggak kimchi: kimchi made with pony tail Korean radish. Ggakdugi: Korean radish kimchi. Kkaetnip kimchi: Korean perilla
List_of_Korean_dishes
Topics referred to by the same term
north korean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. North Korean may refer to: Something of, from, or related to the country of North Korea A Korean from
North_Korean
Hybrid martial art
needed] Traditional Korean Tang Soo Do includes three basic forms based on the Taikyoku forms of Shotokan and known as Giecho Hyung in Korean. The first form
American_Tang_Soo_Do
factors various dialects can be differentiated. Dialects can be classified at broad or narrow levels: within a broad national or regional dialect, localised
List_of_dialects_of_English
Traditional jargon of foragers
Korean ginseng-harvesters' cant (Korean: 심마니의 은어, 심마니말) are a collection of cants that are widely used by ginseng-harvesters (심마니; Simmani) when harvesting
Korean ginseng-harvesters' cant
Korean_ginseng-harvesters'_cant
Dialect of the Korean language
(no), -고 (go), -가 (ga). Yeon, Jaehoon. "Korean dialects: a general survey" (PDF). "The 6 Dialects of South Korea and Ways to Distinguish". 14 December 2018
Gangwon_dialect
County in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea
North Korea. The county is called by the name Eunyul (은율) in South Korea, due to the pronunciation differences between Northern and Southern Korean dialects
Unnyul_County
Variety of Korean spoken in Japan
marks, boxes, or other symbols. Zainichi Korean is a variety of Korean as spoken by Zainichi Koreans (ethnic Korean citizens or residents of Japan). The speech
Zainichi_Korean_language
Historical administrative divisions
Korea has had administrative districts that can be considered provinces since the 7th century. These divisions were initially called ju (Korean: 주; Hanja: 州)
Provinces_of_Korea
South Korean actress (born 1981)
Wang Ji-hyun (Korean: 왕지현; born 30 October 1981), known professionally as Jun Ji-hyun (전지현) and Gianna Jun, is a South Korean actress and model. She rose
Jun_Ji-hyun
Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved March 10, 2026. 국립국어원 표준국어대사전. stdict.korean.go.kr. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved January
List of dictionaries by number of words
List_of_dictionaries_by_number_of_words
Stage of the Korean language
Middle Korean is the period in the history of the Korean language succeeding Old Korean and yielding to Early Modern Korean in the late 16th century. The
Middle_Korean
The Chinese Korean language (Korean: 중국조선어; Hancha: 中國朝鮮語; RR: Jungguk Joseoneo, lit. 'China Joseon language') is the variety of the Korean language spoken
Korean_language_in_China
Language family of Eurasia
related dialects (Saghay, Qaca, Qizil). Chulym Turkic consisted of dialects such as Küerik. Altai Turkic consisted of Altay (Oirot) and dialects such as
Turkic_languages
Country in East Asia
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders North
South_Korea
Grammatical system of honorific formality
old-fashioned sound. In the North Korean standard language In the spoken form of certain dialects, such as the Hamgyŏng dialect. Neither formal nor casual,
Korean_speech_levels
Reconstructed ancestor of the Japonic languages
wata. Two dialects spoken around Toyama Bay on the west coast of Honshu also have /b/ corresponding to initial /w/ in other Japanese dialects. Yonaguni
Proto-Japonic_language
Earliest attested form of the Korean language
only as substrata in later Korean dialects. Middle Korean, and hence Modern Korean, are thus direct descendants of the Old Korean language of Silla. Little
Old_Korean
Dialect of Korean
Hwanghae dialect (황해 방언) is a dialect of Korean spoken in North Hwanghae Province, South Hwanghae Province in North Korea, as well as the islands of Baengnyeongdo
Hwanghae_dialect
Sino-Tibetan language
different spoken dialects varies, but in general, there has been a tendency to a reduction in sounds from Middle Chinese. The Mandarin dialects in particular
Chinese_language
South Korean musical group
is a South Korean female music trio formed in December 2013. One of their original concepts was the use of different regional Korean dialects where each
Pungdeng-E
2019 South Korean film
Mal-Mo-E: The Secret Mission (Korean: 말모이) is a 2019 South Korean historical comedy-drama film written and directed by Eom Yu-na. It was released on January
Mal-Mo-E:_The_Secret_Mission
Country in East Asia
of Korea in the south. The North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. In 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement brought about
North_Korea
South Korean actress (born 1980)
Jang So-yeon (Korean: 장소연; born Seo Eun-jung on 28 January 1980) is a South Korean actress. She is alumni of Sookmyung Women's University, Department of
Jang_So-yeon
Linguistic theory
empirical coverage of the framework to modelling structures in Japanese, Korean, dialects of Modern Greek, Medieval Spanish and a variety of Bantu languages
Dynamic_syntax
Country in East Asia
growing number of foreign-language students, such as Korean (including a distinct Zainichi Korean dialect), Chinese, and Portuguese. Japan's constitution
Japan
Surname list
pronunciation in dialects spoken in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia Wáng (王, meaning "king"); spelled Bong based on the Hakka pronunciation in dialects spoken in
Bong_(surname)
2026 South Korean television series
My Royal Nemesis (Korean: 멋진 신세계) is a 2026 South Korean romantic comedy fantasy television series written by Kang Hyun-joo [ko], directed by Han Tae-seop [ko]
My_Royal_Nemesis
Language family of northern Japan and neighboring islands
have to learn dialects from other regions. Sakhalin Ainu is the group of dialects spoken by the Ainu people from Sakhalin. The dialect group comprises
Ainu_languages
Chinese-original CJKV character readings
the Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese languages, none of which are genetically related to Chinese. The resulting Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese
Sino-Xenic_vocabularies
Topics referred to by the same term
to: "South Korea" in the South Korean dialect of Korean (in relation to names of Korea) Namhansan or Namhan Mountain, in Seoul, South Korea Namhan River
Namhan
Japanese dialect
Kansai dialects, and considered a language island. The Shikoku dialect and the Hokuriku dialect share many similarities with the Kansai dialects, but are
Kansai_dialect
Japanese rule in Korea.[unreliable source?] In different areas of South Korea, different dialects are spoken. For example, the Gyeongsang dialect spoken around
Demographics_of_South_Korea
Chinese language from 1368 to 1912
a koiné based on various northern dialects. Until well into the 19th century, this language was based on dialects spoken in the area of Nanjing, the
Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)
Korea, or the DPRK, adheres to a strict Stalinist pattern of zero tolerance towards overseas migration. However, after the Korean War, North Korean defectors
North_Koreans_in_South_Korea
ISBN 978-0-521-59646-6. Kaye, Alan S.; Rosenhouse, Judith (1997). "Arabic Dialects and Maltese". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.). The Semitic Languages. Routledge
List of languages by number of native speakers
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
Topics referred to by the same term
High Korean may refer to: Yangban, the traditional Korean nobility In linguistics: Prestige dialects of the Korean language, namely: Seoul dialect, the
High_Korean
South Korean actress (born 1978)
Jeon Hae-rim (Korean: 전해림; born 28 June 1978), better known by her stage name Ha Ji-won (하지원) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for the films
Ha_Ji-won
1392–1897 Korean dynasty
legacy. Modern Korean bureaucracy and administrative divisions were established during it. The modern Korean language and its dialects derive from the
Joseon
History of the Korean language
and Baekje kingdoms and Gaya Confederacy were dialects of Old Korean or separate languages. Middle Korean (중세 한국어; 中世韓國語, 918–1600), corresponding to the
History_of_Korean
South Korean linguist (born 1936)
Ki-shim (Korean: 남기심; Hanja: 南基心; Korean pronunciation: [nam.gi.ɕim], born 1936) is a professor and scholar of Korean linguistics from South Korea. Throughout
Nam_Ki-shim
Sinitic language spoken in East Asia
Quanzhou dialects and Zhangzhou dialects) Amoy dialect (廈門腔; Ē-mn̂g khiuⁿ) Tong'an dialect (同安腔; Tâng-oaⁿ khiuⁿ) (Transitionary with Quanzhou dialect) Guankou
Hokkien
South Korean television program
DoReMi Market (Korean: 도레미 마켓; RR: Doremi maket), better known as Amazing Saturday (놀라운 토요일; Nollaun toyoil), is a South Korean variety show that airs
DoReMi_Market
Korean side dish of fermented vegetables
considered as a Sino-Korean word. Older forms of the word are retained in many regional dialects: jimchae (Jeolla, Hamgyŏng dialects), jimchi (Chungcheong
Kimchi
2013 South Korean film
The Berlin File (Korean: 베를린; RR: Bereullin; lit. 'Berlin') is a 2013 South Korean action spy film written and directed by Ryoo Seung-wan. Ha Jung-woo
The_Berlin_File
language in Japan is Japanese, which is separated into several dialects, with the Tokyo dialect considered to be Standard Japanese. In addition to the Japanese
Languages_of_Japan
Japonic language
most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains
Japanese_language
Japanese dialect on Tsushima Island
dialects is obvious, but exactly how it has evolved remains an open question. Tsushima is often classified as a Hichiku (northwestern Kyūkyū) dialect
Tsushima_dialect
Jargon used by Korean performers
The Namsadang cant (Korean: 남사당 은어; lit. 'Namsadang jargon') was a cant, or secret language, used by members of the Korean Namsadang performance art troupes
Namsadang_cant
language with no speakers. Kaye, Alan S.; Rosenhouse, Judith (1997). "Arabic Dialects and Maltese". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.). The Semitic Languages. Routledge
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Honorifics in the Korean language and culture
'we'. However, Korean allows for coherent syntax without pronouns, effectively making Korean a so-called pro-drop language; thus, Koreans avoid using the
Korean_honorifics
Writing practices of the Korean alphabet
and South Korea. One significant reason for this is the differing standard dialects used. North Korea uses the Pyongan dialect and South Korea the Gyeonggi
Hangul_orthography
Family name
pronunciation in various Southern Min dialects Gū (辜), spelled Koh based on its pronunciation in various Southern Min dialects Gŭ (古), spelled Koh based on its
Koh_(surname)
Traditional market in Seoul, South Korea
Namdaemun Market (Korean: 남대문시장; Hanja: 南大門市場) is a large traditional market in Seoul, South Korea. It is located next to Namdaemun, the main southern
Namdaemun_Market
Translations of 1922 novel
help convey meaning through their visual effect, finding equivalent Korean dialects and slang proved challenging. The translator aimed for word-for-word
Translations_of_Ulysses
Korean salted and fermented anchovies
Korean word myeolchi, whose second syllable -chi is a suffix attached to fish names. Similar forms to meljeot also occur in mainland Korean dialects,
Myeolchi-jeot
trace the Korean ancestral god Dangun to the Ural-Altaic Tengri "Heaven", the shaman and the prince. In the dialects of some provinces of Korea the shaman
Religion_in_South_Korea
Term for Korean street gangs
Kkangpae (Korean: 깡패) is a romanization of the Korean word that is commonly translated to 'gangster' or 'thug'. The term is commonly used to refer to
Kkangpae
Branch of Chinese language family
speak Guangfu dialects natively. Ngau–Lau dialects are spoken in inland areas of western Guangdong and eastern Guangxi, and include the dialect of Yulin (Bobai)
Yue_Chinese
2012 South Korean historical sports film
Korean mid-air bombing of Korean Air Flight 858 in 1987, a Summit was held between North and South Korea to defuse the extreme tension on the Korean peninsula
As_One_(film)
South Korean actress (born 1941)
Na Moon-hee (Korean: 나문희; Na Kyung-ja, Korean: 나경자; November 30, 1941) is a South Korean actress. Since 1960, Na has had a prolific acting career in television
Na_Moon-hee
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
Standard Korean Language Dictionary published by the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL), Sino-Korean represents approximately 57% of the Korean vocabulary
Lexical_similarity
Eastern South Slavic language
co-occurs with the yat alternation in almost all Eastern dialects that have it (except a few dialects along the yat border, e.g. in the Pleven region). More
Bulgarian_language
Sakhalin Korean enclave in South Korea
of residents only speak Russian or speak Korean dialects that are not easily understood by modern South Koreans, which has led to assimilation difficulties
Hometown_Village
Species of plant
piperitum is called chopi (초피). However, in several regional dialects, notably Gyeongsang dialect, it is also called sancho (산초) or jepi (제피). "Japanese prickly-ash"
Zanthoxylum_piperitum
Native alphabet of the Korean language
The Korean alphabet is the modern writing system for the Korean language. It has gone by a variety of names, such as Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, Hangul
Hangul
People of Korean descent not in Korea
The Korean diaspora consists of around 7.3 million people, descendants of emigrants from the Korean Peninsula across various waves of migration. Around
Korean_diaspora
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
Male
English
English name coined by Oscar Wilde for a character in his novel The Portrait of Dorian Gray, 1891. Probably derived from Latin Dorianus, DORIAN means "of the Dorian tribe."
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Doran, DORRAN means "gift."
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
Korean unisex name HANEUL means "heaven, sky."
Female
Irish
Irish form of French Corinne, COREEN means "maiden."
Boy/Male
English American Greek
Descendant of Dorus. Dorian was a character in Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray who...
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Carina, KARENA means "beloved." Compare with another form of Karena.
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
Korean unisex name YOUNG means "forever; prosperity."
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
A Dorian
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
(豪金) Korean name JIN-HO means "golden hero/leader."
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
Korean unisex name HYUN means "wise."
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English Colman, KOLMAN means "dove." Compare with another form of Kolman.
Female
English
Variant form of English Keren, KERENA means "horn (of an animal)."Â
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
Korean unisex name ISEUL means "dew."
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
(ì •) Korean unisex name JUNG means "chaste."
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
Korean name SHIN means "faith, trust." Compare with another form of Shin.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Doreen, DOREAN means "gift."Â
Female
Greek
Variant spelling of Greek Korinna, KORINA means "maiden."
Surname or Lastname
Korean
Korean : variant of Paek.English : variant of Pack.
Male
German
 German form of Latin Columbanus, KOLMAN means "dove." Compare with another form of Kolman.
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
 Korean unisex name YONG means "courage." Compare with another form of Yong.
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
Boy/Male
Indian
Loyal; Wise; Protective
Female
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements regin "advice, decision, counsel" and friðr "beautiful," hence "wise and beautiful."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Instruction
Biblical
plainness; equal;
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bhimshankar | பீமஷஂகர
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Forever Aware of the Self
Boy/Male
German
Courage of a Bear
Biblical
third
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Brittany, BRITTANI means "little Britain."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
From the Fern Field
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
KOREAN DIALECTS
n.
A wooden bar, or iron pin.
n.
A thick woolen fabric, watered or with embossed figures; -- used in upholstery, for curtains, etc.
a.
Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; as, a Dorian fashion.
n.
One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic oceans.
a.
Of or pertaining to the main or great sea; as, the ocean waves; an ocean stream.
n.
A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.
n.
A Moor.
n.
A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc.
v. t.
To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize.
n.
The north wind; -- usually a personification.
a.
Pertaining to the upper portion of the Laurentian rocks.
n.
An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits; as, the boundless ocean of eternity; an ocean of affairs.
n.
A wild horse (Equus, / Asinus, onager) inhabiting the plants of Central Asia; -- called also gour, khur, and onager.
n.
Alt. of Jorden
n.
The Scriptures of the Mohammedans, containing the professed revelations to Mohammed; -- called also Alcoran.
a.
Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; as, a boreal bird; a boreal blast.
a.
Alt. of Loral
a.
Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest.
n.
A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ.