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Book by Stefan Ihrig
Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler is a 2016 book by Stefan Ihrig which explores how violence against the Ottoman
Justifying_Genocide
Attempts to claim genocide is a moral action
Genocide justification is the claim that a genocide is excusable, necessary, legal, or even praiseworthy. Genocide justification differs from genocide
Genocide_justification
Systematic campaign in the Ottoman Empire
threat—thus justifying state violence—are among the main legacies of the genocide in Turkey. In postwar Turkey, the perpetrators of the genocide were hailed
Armenian_genocide
Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip
The Gaza genocide is the ongoing, intentional, and systematic destruction of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip carried out by Israel during the
Gaza_genocide
Mass sexual assault during wartime as part of a genocidal campaign
part of a genocidal campaign. It is a form of wartime sexual violence. During the Armenian genocide, the Greek genocide, the Assyrian genocide, the second
Genocidal_rape
Intentional destruction of a people
University Press. ISBN 978-1-9788-3130-8. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Genocide
Japanese politician (born 1967)
Asahi Shimbun to have appeared in a video where he appeared to justify the use of genocide as a solution for overpopulation. In the video, he also questioned
Takashi_Tachibana
In assessments of the Gaza genocide, experts state that statements by Israeli political and military leaders—coupled with eliminationist media rhetoric
Intent and incitement in the Gaza genocide
Intent_and_incitement_in_the_Gaza_genocide
Mass murder campaign in Rwanda
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the Tutsi genocide, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days
Rwandan_genocide
systematically destroyed. Borrowing arguments used by the CUP to justify its actions, Armenian genocide denial rests on the notion that the deportation of Armenians
Armenian_genocide_denial
Comparison of genocides
in many German nationalists deciding that genocide was justified as a tactic. In his book Justifying Genocide (2016), Stefan Ihrig writes that there is
Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust
Overview of genocides from 2000
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the
21st-century_genocides
Hate speech incitement technique
Armenian genocide, and the Gaza genocide. By invoking collective self-defense, accusation in a mirror is used to justify genocide, similar to using the right
Accusation_in_a_mirror
1970s mass killing of Cambodians
The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge under the general secretaryship of Pol Pot.
Cambodian_genocide
Differing views of what caused the Armenian genocide
Gaunt 2006, p. 67. Suny 2015, pp. 248–249. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Causes of the Armenian genocide
Causes_of_the_Armenian_genocide
Efforts to deny that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians during the Gaza war include challenging the scale and intent of Israeli military
Gaza_genocide_denial
Historian
Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide in London. His 2016 work Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler
Stefan_Ihrig
minorities in Xinjiang which has often been characterized as persecution or as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China
1915–1917 war crimes in the Ottoman Empire
this context, a Victorian euphemism for rape. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler. Harvard University
Rape during the Armenian genocide
Rape_during_the_Armenian_genocide
Ongoing case at the International Court of Justice
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel) is an ongoing case that was
South Africa's genocide case against Israel
South_Africa's_genocide_case_against_Israel
Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War
government had used false rhetoric to justify the "special military operation" in Ukraine and also highlighting "acts of genocide" in and beyond Russian-occupied
Allegations of genocide in Donbas
Allegations_of_genocide_in_Donbas
1948 United Nations resolution that legally defined genocide
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), or the Genocide Convention, is an international treaty that criminalizes genocide and obligates state parties
Genocide_Convention
German diplomat and war criminal (1873–1956)
27675". The London Gazette. 10 May 1904. p. 2999. Ihrig, Stefan Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler, Harvard: Harvard
Konstantin_von_Neurath
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
intentional, whether it was directed at Ukrainians, and whether it constitutes a genocide, the point of contention being the absence of attested documents explicitly
Holodomor
Armed resistance of the Armenian population of Van against the Armenian genocide
' Akçam 2007, p. 201. Dadrian 2002, p. 67. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Defense_of_Van_(1915)
1971 genocide of Bengalis in East Pakistan
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated
Bangladesh_genocide
Ethnic cleansing in the United States
by many as genocide. Debates are ongoing as to whether the entire process or only specific periods or events meet the definitions of genocide. Many of these
Native American genocide in the United States
Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States
2014-2017 genocide campaign by the Islamic State
The Yazidi genocide also known as the 74th firman by Yazidis, was perpetrated by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized
Yazidi_genocide
The white genocide, white extinction, or white replacement conspiracy theory is a white nationalist conspiracy theory that claims there is a deliberate
White genocide conspiracy theory
White_genocide_conspiracy_theory
Characterization of Hamas atrocities
October 7 attacks were conducted with genocidal intent toward Israelis, and that it constituted a genocide or a genocidal massacre (or a wave of such massacres)
Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks
Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_attacks
1850–1930 genocide of indigenous people in Tierra del Fuego
The Selkʼnam genocide was the systematic extermination of the Selkʼnam people, one of the four indigenous peoples of Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in the
Selkʼnam_genocide
Academic model explaining how genocides occur
president of Genocide Watch. The model characterizes how genocides occur and what are adequate preventative measures. The stages of genocide are not linear
Ten_stages_of_genocide
Genocide in Myanmar
Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the Tatmadaw (armed forces of Myanmar). The genocide has
Rohingya_genocide
Mass murder of Circassians by the Russian Empire
The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the systematic mass killing, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of between 95% and 97% of the Circassian
Circassian_genocide
Polish Jewish lawyer (1900–1959)
the Concept of Genocide. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-0-8122-9341-8. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the
Raphael_Lemkin
Elimination of indigenous inhabitants
The genocide of indigenous peoples, colonial genocide, or settler genocide is the elimination of indigenous peoples as a part of the process of colonialism
Genocide of indigenous peoples
Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
Genocidal massacres of Native Americans
The California genocide was a series of genocidal massacres of the Indigenous peoples of California by United States governments, soldiers and settlers
California_genocide
original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2013. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
Witnesses_and_testimonies_of_the_Armenian_genocide
Crime against humanity under international law
history of genocide shows that those who incite the crime speak in euphemisms." Justifying ongoing atrocities may be considered incitement to genocide. For
Incitement_to_genocide
experts and media outlets, Russia and its ally Belarus are committing genocide against the Ukrainian people as part of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War
Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Anti-war organization
broadcasters and production companies" that are seen as "whitewashing or justifying genocide and apartheid and/or partnering with the government committing them"
Film_Workers_for_Palestine
Governments' recognition of the Ottoman empire's mass killing of Armenians as genocide
The recognition of the Armenian genocide is the acknowledgement of the fact that the Ottoman Empire's systematic massacres and forced deportation of Armenians
Armenian_genocide_recognition
Alleged reference to the Armenian genocide made by Adolf Hitler
Middle East, 1914–1924 (New York, 1969), 115. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler. Harvard University
Hitler's reference to the Armenian genocide
Hitler's_reference_to_the_Armenian_genocide
1981–1996 genocide of Maya people in Guatemala
The Guatemalan genocide (Spanish: Genocidio guatemalteco), also referred to as the Maya genocide (Genocidio maya), or the Silent Holocaust (Holocausto
Guatemalan_genocide
20th century genocide of the Timorese
The East Timor genocide refers to the campaign of systematic killings, repression and state terrorism against the East Timorese people by Indonesia's New
East_Timor_genocide
Attempt to deny the scale and severity of genocide
Genocide denial is the attempt to deny or minimize the scale and severity of an instance of genocide. Denial is an integral part of genocide and includes
Genocide_denial
Anti-communist killings and unrest in Indonesia
guilt of the politburo [PKI leadership], which I do not, does this justify genocide? Kill the Central Committee, but do not kill 100,000 people who do
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965–66
1995 genocidal killing of Bosniak Muslim men
The Srebrenica massacre, also known as the Srebrenica genocide, was the July 1995 genocidal killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in
Srebrenica_massacre
(1): 167. doi:10.2979/jottturstuass.2.1.167. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Terminology of the Armenian genocide
Terminology_of_the_Armenian_genocide
Since its foundation in 1948, Israel has been accused of carrying out genocide against Palestinians during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. A wide consensus
Palestinian genocide allegations
Palestinian_genocide_allegations
Genocide of Assyrians (1914–1924)
(Syriac: ܣܲܝܦܵܐ, lit. 'sword'), also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide, was the mass murder and deportation of Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern
Sayfo
Rejecting scientific or historical consensus
November 6, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2007. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Denialism
German officer and politician (1864-1950)
New York 2004, ISBN 1-57181-666-6, p.256. Stefan Ihrig (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf
Fritz_Bronsart_von_Schellendorf
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
The Holocaust, known in Hebrew as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators
The_Holocaust
1804 massacre of French people in Haiti
The 1804 Haiti massacre was a genocide carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much
1804_Haitian_massacre
Overview of genocides before 1914
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the
Genocides in history (1490 to 1914)
Genocides_in_history_(1490_to_1914)
Rwandan singer and political activist (1977–2026)
arrested that year. In 2025, Karasira was acquitted of charges of "justifying genocide, genocide denial and inciting public disorder". He was convicted of "inciting
Aimable_Karasira
German politician (1879–1969)
Rolfs 1995, pp. 25–26. Rolfs 1995, p. 26. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Franz_von_Papen
1920 failed coup in the Weimar Republic
Historisches Museum. Retrieved 12 June 2013. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Kapp_Putsch
German pacifist, writer and poet (1886–1978)
(in German) Accessed on 11th February 2021 Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Armin_T._Wegner
Scholarly and legal assessments of the Gaza genocide
Israel in the Gaza genocide. Since late 2023, a growing number of experts have accused the Israeli government of committing genocide in Gaza, including
Academic and legal responses to the Gaza genocide
Academic_and_legal_responses_to_the_Gaza_genocide
British diplomat (1882–1942)
(Reprinted ed.). Cardinal. p. 109. ISBN 0351-18069-9. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler. Harvard University
Nevile_Henderson
International Court of Justice case
Ukraine in 2022, which Russia sought to justify in part by claims that Ukraine was engaged in acts of genocide within the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts.
Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)
Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)
Spreading lies about enemy crimes
History News Network. Retrieved 13 July 2014. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismark to Hitler. Harvard University
Atrocity_propaganda
have been widely rejected as untrue and crafted to justify the invasion and even to justify genocidal acts against Ukrainians. The Russian state has denied
Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine
1080/19448953.2013.844588. S2CID 145016215. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey
Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Turkey
Denial. Yale University Press. OCLC 47181922. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
War_crimes_in_World_War_I
Ability to not be punished or face legal consequences
Sherbrooke: 247–305. doi:10.17118/11143/10302. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Impunity
Turkish Ottoman politician (1874–1921)
22 November 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Talaat_Pasha
Armenian revolutionary and assassin (1896–1960)
on June 18, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2019. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Soghomon_Tehlirian
The response of the international community to the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda has been the subject of significant criticism. During a period
International response to the Rwandan genocide
International_response_to_the_Rwandan_genocide
1921 assassination in Berlin, Germany
22 November 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Assassination_of_Talaat_Pasha
considered by some scholars and commentators to qualify as instances of genocide, particularly with regard to armed conflicts involving the Midianites and
Genocide_in_the_Hebrew_Bible
Participation and response in World War I
doi:10.1515/mgzs-2016-0041. ISSN 2193-2336. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Germany and the Armenian genocide
Germany_and_the_Armenian_genocide
Founding ideology of the Republic of Türkiye
1501/Tite_0000000359. ISSN 1303-5290. Avedian, Vahagn (20 November 2018) [2016]. "Justifying genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler, by Stefan Ihrig
Kemalism
German SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator (1907–1951)
ISBN 978-0-14311-671-4. Ferencz, Benjamin B. "Story 34—Mass Murderers Seek to Justify Genocide (1946–1949)". Benny Stories. Retrieved 27 November 2018. Frei, Norbert
Otto_Ohlendorf
Concept in international law
[citation needed] Simon, Thomas W. (2016). Genocide, Torture and Terrorism: Ranking International Crimes and Justifying Humanitarian Intervention. Palgrave Macmillan
Genocidal_intent
result, Holocaust denial is legal in Spain, although justifying the Holocaust or any other genocide is an offence punishable by imprisonment in accordance
Legality_of_Holocaust_denial
Strong aversion and prejudice against Armenians
1080/0031322X.2014.900208. S2CID 144649549. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Anti-Armenian_sentiment
Muslims, Greek Muslims, Muslim Roma, and Pomaks. They were subject to genocide, expropriation, massacres, religious persecution, mass rape, and ethnic
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman decline
Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_decline
Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East
the International Association of Genocide Scholars have concluded that Israel's actions in Gaza constitute genocide under international law. Several states
Gaza_war
1972 mass killings of Hutus in Burundi
rebellion and accuse its perpetrators of having anti-Tutsi genocidal motives, thus justifying the response of the government. For many years the Burundian
Ikiza
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
Australian legal scholar
against the October 7 attacks], that does not justify genocide. There is no legal defence for genocide under international law." Nominees for 2021-2023
Melanie_O'Brien
German politician (1860–1919)
History of Political Thought. 34 (2): 324–349. JSTOR 26225828. Justifying Genocide, p. 77. Die Hilfe, No 36/1915, p. 582. Heuss 1949, p. 389. Naumann
Friedrich_Naumann
Early skepticism in Khmer Rouge atrocities
Denial of the Cambodian genocide is the belief expressed by some academics that early claims of atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge government (1975–1979)
Cambodian_genocide_denial
Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples, a form of genocide denial, consists of claims in which the multiple genocides and atrocity crimes which have
Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples
Denial_of_genocides_of_Indigenous_peoples
Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-25. […] In justifying this attack, Vladimir Putin has misrepresented and misappropriated Holocaust
Far-right_politics_in_Ukraine
Turkish military operations, 1937–1938
The Dersim massacre, also known as Dersim genocide, was carried out by the Turkish military over the course of three operations in the Dersim Province
Dersim_massacre
Equation of Soviet atrocities against Eastern Europeans to the Holocaust
Double genocide theory (Lithuanian: Dvigubo genocido požiūris, lit. 'Double genocide approach') is a term used to refer to the claim that the atrocities
Double_genocide_theory
Denial of Bosnian genocide
Bosnian genocide denial is the act of denying the occurrence of the systematic genocide against the Bosniak Muslim population of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian_genocide_denial
Franco-German political scientist (born 1977)
"racist" and reflecting a "centuries old colonialist trope used to justify genocide". In 2023, Gaub was ranked in Politico's Power 40 Brussels Class of
Florence_Gaub
Vigilante group in Belfast, Northern Ireland
the WDA News. Its 1 May 1972 issue carried a notorious article justifying genocide against Roman Catholics and calling for racial purity. When the UDA
Woodvale_Defence_Association
Nation described in the Bible
Americans, Protestants, Catholics and Tutsis as Amalekites to justify their genocides. Jews and victims of the Crusades were also called Amalekites.
Amalek
Racist foundations of Nazism
History of Biology. 34 (2): 256. JSTOR 4331661. Ihrig, Stefan (2016). Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Harvard University
Nazi_racial_theories
Spanish writer and revisionist historian
theories. In 1998, he was sentenced to five years in prison for justifying genocide because of the Holocaust denial material that he sold at his store
Pedro_Varela_Geiss
1968 book predicting worldwide famine
Marxists worried that Paul and Anne Ehrlich's work could be used to justify genocide and imperial control, as well as oppression of minorities and disadvantaged
The_Population_Bomb
Antisemitic conspiracy theory
commit genocide against European Jews during World War II, ignoring overwhelming historical evidence to the contrary. Theories assert that the genocide of
Holocaust_denial
Pseudohistorical claim that the Rwandan genocide never happened
Rwandan genocide denial is the pseudohistorical assertion that the Rwandan genocide did not occur, specifically rejection of the scholarly consensus that
Rwandan_genocide_denial
District of Dominica
would use the specter of cannibalism, and the label of “Carib,” to justify genocide of Indigenous peoples across the Caribbean and South America for decades
Kalinago_Territory
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
Girl/Female
Biblical
Pleasant, testifying.
Biblical
pleasant; testifying
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Kent and Sussex)
English (mainly Kent and Sussex) : from the Middle English personal name Pain(e), Payn(e) (Old French Paien, from Latin Paganus), introduced to Britain by the Normans. The Latin name is a derivative of pagus ‘outlying village’, and meant at first a person who lived in the country (as opposed to Urbanus ‘city dweller’), then a civilian as opposed to a soldier, and eventually a heathen (one not enrolled in the army of Christ). This remained a popular name throughout the Middle Ages, but it died out in the 16th century.Thomas Payne, who was a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1639, was the founder of a large American family, which included Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The author of the republican treatise The Rights of Man, Thomas Paine (1737–1809), left England for North America in the mid 1770s, where he became involved in the movement that led to independence. His pamphlet of 1776, Common Sense, influenced the Declaration of Independence and furnished some of the arguments justifying it.
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
Boy/Male
Indian
Responsible, Surety, Sponsor, Guarantor
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Light of the world
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sindhi, Telugu
Dance
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lavyansh | லாவà¯à®¯à®‚à®·Â
Ansh part of Love
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Joy.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Name of God Vishnu or Good Speaker
Boy/Male
English
English county name Devon.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Hebrew, Scottish, Slavic
Lofty; Exalted; High Mountain; Similar to; On High; Light Bringer
Boy/Male
Indian
Pre-eminent
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Slave of the Benefactor
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
JUSTIFYING GENOCIDE
n.
A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.
n.
The act of mystifying, or the state of being mystied; also, something designed to, or that does, mystify.
n.
Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from liability to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Justify
n.
The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being Russified.
n.
That which warrants or authorizes; a commission giving authority, or justifying the doing of anything; an act, instrument, or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from loss or damage; commission; authority.
n.
An address to a patron or friend, prefixed to a book, testifying respect, and often recommending the work to his special protection and favor.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Testify
n.
The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.
v. t.
The act or practice of justifying or confirming a man's veracity by the oath of others; -- called also wager of law. See Purgation; also Wager of law, under Wager.
n.
The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence; as, a direct testification of our homage to God.
n.
The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.
n.
The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Mystify