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British physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and writer (1783–1868)
John Crawfurd FRS (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, British colonial administrator, diplomat and writer who served as the second
John_Crawfurd
Barony and castle west of the town of Kilbirnie in North Ayrshire, Scotland
from the Crawfurds of Loudoun Castle. John Crawfurd married Margaret Blair, daughter of John Blair of that Ilk, and their son, John Crawfurd, married
Barony and Castle of Kilbirnie
Barony_and_Castle_of_Kilbirnie
Surname list
Crawfurd, a variant of Crawford, is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Archibald Crawfurd (1785–1843), Scottish poet George Crawfurd (also
Crawfurd
Madras Army officer and colonial administrator (1774–1839)
Farquhar's dismissal on 1 May 1823, to be succeeded as Resident by Dr John Crawfurd without the knowledge of Farquhar himself. He remained in Singapore
William_Farquhar
Newspaper (1824 to 1837)
as the founding editor. A key contributor in its formative years was John Crawfurd, the 2nd Resident of Singapore, who played a significant role in shaping
The_Singapore_Chronicle
1819 British colonial establishment
is signed". HistorySG. National Library Board. Bastin, John. "Malayan Portraits: John Crawfurd", in Malaya, vol.3 (December 1954), pp.697–698. J C M Khoo;
Founding years of modern Singapore
Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore
Scottish landowner and politician (c. 1619-1662)
Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet, of Kilbirnie (c. 1619 – 1662) was a Scottish landowner and politician. Crawfurd, a member of Clan Crawford, was the eldest
Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet
Sir_John_Crawfurd,_1st_Baronet
Sir Hew Crawfurd, 2nd Baronet (1718 – 2 July 1794) was a Scottish baronet. Crawfurd was born in 1718. He was the son of Hew Crawfurd of Jordanhill (c. 1690–1756)
Sir_Hew_Crawfurd,_2nd_Baronet
Irish cricketer and rugby union player
John William Frederick Arthur Crawfurd (15 November 1878 – 22 June 1939) was an Irish cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm fast-medium
John_Crawfurd_(cricketer)
Stock character
physician John Crawfurd and anthropologist James Hunt used the noble savage in their scientific racism project. As polygenists, Crawfurd and Hunt believed
Noble_savage
Treaty between the Kingdom of Siam and Great Britain in 1826
suspicion arising from the Siamese invasion of Kedah in 1821. In 1822, John Crawfurd undertook a mission to the court of King Rama II to determine Siam's
Burney_Treaty
Country in Southeast Asia
suzerainty over large portions of Laos and Cambodia. In 1821, Briton John Crawfurd was sent to negotiate a trade agreement with Siam—the first sign of
Thailand
Uprising against the British East India Company
Singh including Bachu Singh. His rebellion was swiftly put down by John Crawfurd and he was jailed. He was restored to his "forfeited" zamindari in 1790
1781_revolt_in_Bihar
Scottish demesne
1697, they sold the estate to her sister Anna, wife of John Crawfurd of Fergushill. John Crawfurd was born August 8, 1673, at Crawfurdland and married Anna
Barony_of_Kersland
1822 urban plan for Singapore
December 1822 or January 1823, and it was first published in an article by John Crawfurd as an engraving made in June 1828. The plan is an idealised scheme of
Jackson_Plan
by John Crawfurd, an efficient and frugal administrator, as the new governor. Farquhar later died in Perth, Scotland. On 7 June 1823, John Crawfurd signed
History_of_Singapore
Calendar year
1778) May 10 – Henry Bennett, American politician (b. 1808) May 11 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author, last
1868
British colonial administrator
Sir John Fearns Nicoll KCMG KStJ (26 April 1899 – 12 January 1981) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Singapore from 1952 to
John Nicoll (colonial administrator)
John_Nicoll_(colonial_administrator)
1910 adventure novel by John Buchan
Prester John is a 1910 adventure novel by the Scottish author John Buchan. It tells the story of the young Scotsman David Crawfurd and his adventures in
Prester_John_(novel)
1431–1863 middle period of Cambodian history
the Cambodian kingdom lost its national sovereignty. British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself
Post-Angkor_period
British colonial administrator (1819–1885)
had formed the Straits Settlement Association under the leadership of John Crawfurd, which vigorously opposed any increase in government power and would
Harry_Ord
Type of economic system
Crete. Athens: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. p. 119. Crawfurd, John (21 August 2006) [1830]. "Ch. V. – Rapacity of the court.". Journal
Palace_economy
Derogatory term for Indians in Southeast Asia
describe the immigrants from Gujarat Presidency and Coromandel coast. John Crawfurd (1856) mentioned that the term "Kling" was used by the Malays and the
Keling
Island in Southeast Asia
group of people who consume sago in the northern part of the island. John Crawfurd noted in his 1865 Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands that
Borneo
Early settlement on present-day Singapore
visible in the early 19th century and was described by the Resident John Crawfurd. In 1928, several pieces of gold ornaments dating to the mid-14th century
Temasek
Park in Singapore
still visible in the early 19th century and described by the Resident John Crawfurd who also found indication of ruins of an ancient orchard, shards of
Fort_Canning_Hill
Reservoir in Singapore
fresh water, British Resident John Crawfurd proposed to build a reservoir and waterworks. In 1852, government surveyor John Turnbull Thomson proposed plans
MacRitchie_Reservoir
Period of Thai history
in the mission to establish trade contacts with Siam, sent John Crawfurd to Bangkok. Crawfurd arrived in Bangkok in 1822, delivering both the British concern
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782–1932)
Class of religious beliefs
Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-135-4. Crawfurd, John (2013), History of the Indian Archipelago. 2, Cambridge library collection
Animism
British politician
Gibbs Crawfurd (1732 – 13 October 1793) was a British Member of Parliament and administrator. He was the eldest son of John Crawfurd, a barrister from
Gibbs_Crawfurd
Municipality in central Vietnam
conduct trade, and the subsequent missions of East India Company agent John Crawfurd in 1823 and the two missions of Andrew Jackson's agent, American diplomat
Da_Nang
Street in South Kensington, London
in 1866–68. Miss Ironside's School was located at number 2. In 1868, John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat, and author, died
Elvaston_Place
First Governor of the Straits Settlements
south side. He was one of twelve children including his younger brother John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton. Fullerton received his original appointment on
Robert_Fullerton
3rd Temenggong of Johor
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the 2nd Resident of Singapore Dr John Crawfurd for the British Government at the Government Hill on 2 August 1824.
Temenggong_Abdul_Rahman
Monument in Fort Canning, Singapore
said to be religious sites. It was in February of the same year that John Crawfurd, during his stay in Singapore, would provide the first information about
Keramat_Iskandar_Shah
Execution method from Asia
his fore Feet on the Carcase, and squeezes it flat. The journal of John Crawfurd records another method of execution by elephant in the kingdom of Cochinchina
Execution_by_elephant
Colonial Administrator
Major-General William John Butterworth CB (10 June 1801 – 4 November 1856) was the governor of the Straits Settlements from August 1843 to 21 March 1855
William_John_Butterworth
Capital and largest city of Thailand
slightly throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting in 1822, estimated its population at no more than 50,000.
Bangkok
Public university in Scotland
of Korea. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-5381-1975-4. "Dr. John Crawfurd 1783–1868". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 21 November 2021. "Gilbert
University_of_Edinburgh
British journalist and diplomat (1834–1909)
Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd CMG (18 March 1834 – 31 January 1909) was a British journalist, man of letters and diplomat. He served over 24 years as
Oswald_Crawfurd
Slogan advocating for improving access to information and the press
1834, that newspapers should be available for 1d., rather than 7d. John Crawfurd in 1836 attempted an account of the "taxes on knowledge" total, including
Taxes_on_knowledge
Largest island in Vietnam
Vietnamese population of the island but not the Khmer. The British envoy John Crawfurd, en route to Siam from Singapore in March of 1822, made a stop at Phú
Phú_Quốc
Breed of horse
Gayo as two distinct varieties among the four he records on Sumatra. John Crawfurd (1956) distinguishes two breeds on Sumatra, that of Aceh (the Gayo)
Gayoe
Austronesian ethnic group
burthen, with an average of 92 lasts (165.6–184 metric tons). In 1856, John Crawfurd noted that Javanese shipbuilding activity still existed on the north
Javanese_people
Supreme god in Indonesian mythology
Guru was the name for Shiva in rest of Southeast Asia. According to John Crawfurd, the word Batara is derived from avatara, both in "sense and orthography"
Batara_Guru
Irish politician (1796–1855)
votes from John Crawfurd, the only other anti-Tory candidate. Having been nominated and made his hustings speech, he withdrew once he and Crawfurd had won
Feargus_O'Connor
Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-87417-590-5. John Crawfurd, History of the Indian Archipelago, (1820), page 445 John Bowring, "Travels in the Philippines",
History_of_the_Philippines
King of Siam from 1809 to 1824
consulate in 1820. The first renewed formal British visit was made by John Crawfurd in 1822. In July 1824, he died "very suddenly". Contemporary accounts
Rama_II
British colonial official (1781–1826)
raising a protest from Van der Capellen. Eventually, Calcutta appointed John Crawfurd, who had followed Raffles for over twenty years, as the new Resident
Stamford_Raffles
Supreme deity according to the indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people
in a visible form, such as the ten avatars of Vishnu. According to John Crawfurd, the Malay word Batara is derived from avatara both in "sense and orthography"
Bathala
Scottish colonial administrator (1858–1918)
Sir John Anderson, GCMG, KCB, JP (23 June 1858 – 24 March 1918) was a Scottish colonial administrator who served as Governor of the Straits Settlements
John Anderson (colonial administrator)
John_Anderson_(colonial_administrator)
Second emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty in the 19th century
be offered to any country. That same year, East India Company agent John Crawfurd made another attempt at contact, but was allowed to disembark only in
Minh_Mạng
Scottish aristocrat
were John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie and Lady Mary Cuninghame (a daughter of the 7th Earl of Glencairn). Through his maternal uncle, Sir John Crawfurd, 1st
Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 1st Baronet
Sir_Alexander_Cuninghame,_1st_Baronet
Calendar year
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1841) May 27 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author. Last
1783
King of Burma
the year 1827 by John Crawfurd, 1829 Journal of An Embassy from the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava by John Crawfurd, Vol II 1834 Was "Yadza"
Bagyidaw
Island of Singapore
Stamford Raffles British delegation, John Crawfurd, they had misinterpreted the island's local name as 'St John' during their attempt to establish a port
Saint_John's_Island
Scottish aristocrat and politician
John Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock PC (12 May 1669 – 24 December 1708) was a Scottish politician and aristocrat. John Crawfurd was born on 12 May 1669
John Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock
John_Crawford,_1st_Viscount_of_Garnock
Fragment historical stone slab at the mouth of the Singapore River
the inscription was already a mystery to the island's inhabitants. John Crawfurd (1783–1868), who was Resident of Singapore, described the slab in his
Singapore_Stone
British colonial administrator (1906–1999)
the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)
Robin Black (colonial administrator)
Robin_Black_(colonial_administrator)
Residents of Singapore in succession, Maj.-Gen. William Farquhar and Dr. John Crawfurd. In 1826, Malacca, Penang and Singapore were amalgamated into the Straits
Government_of_Singapore
Malay literary text
East India Company, like Sir Stamford Raffles, Colonel Farquhar and John Crawfurd, Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor Sultanate, European and American missionaries
Hikayat_Abdullah
Rebellion of the Kingdom of Vientiane against Siam
and Great Britain in over a century. The aim of the mission, led by John Crawfurd, was to negotiate three proposals, re-enthronement of the sultan of
Lao_rebellion_(1826–1828)
Topics referred to by the same term
into America Jack Crawford (disambiguation) John Crawfurd (1783–1868), Scottish colonial administrator John Herbert Crawford (disambiguation) Crawfordjohn
John_Crawford
Culinary traditions of Thailand
is customarily served after a meal as dessert. The Scottish author John Crawfurd, sent on an embassy to Bangkok in 1822, writes in his account of the
Thai_cuisine
Learned society founded in 1843
Brodie, 1st Baronet 1855–56 John Conolly Sir James Clark 1861–? John Crawfurd 1863–65 John Lubbock 1865–68 John Crawfurd 1868–69 Thomas Huxley Before
Ethnological Society of London
Ethnological_Society_of_London
Theory of plural human origins
article, Hunt supported both polygenism and slavery in the Confederacy. John Crawfurd, a Scottish physician and colonial administrator, was a polygenist.
Polygenism
British colonial administrator in Southeast Asia (1794–1854)
the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)
Kenneth_Murchison
People of the Philippines
Duché de Vancy Mestizos of Manila circa 1790s A Filipino in 1820 by John Crawfurd Spanish Mestizo Filipinos by Jean Mallat de Basilan 1800's Damián Domingo
Filipinos
Scottish aristocrat (1646-1681)
The Hon. Patrick Crawfurd (né Lindsay; 1646 – October 1681) of Kilbirnie, was a Scottish aristocrat. Born as Patrick Lindsay in 1646, he was the second
Patrick_Crawfurd
June 1812 British military conquest and looting in Java
period. A new British resident in Yogyakarta, John Crawfurd, was installed in November 1811. Crawfurd quickly alienated Hamengkubuwono II, against orders
Sack_of_Yogyakarta
Walled complex in Huế, Vietnam
1822, British Ambassador John Crawfurd visited Vietnam and commented that choosing Hue as the capital was a bad idea. Crawfurd believed that Vietnam would
Imperial_City_of_Huế
Government official required to take up permanent residence in another country
British Residents (7 February 1819 – December 1822 William Farquhar, then John Crawfurd), the Governors of the Straits Settlements filled the post 1826 – 15
Resident_minister
State of Malaysia
120. ISBN 978-0-312-38120-2. Stern, Duncan (14–20 May 2004). "Dr. John Crawfurd and the Mission to Thailand, 1822" (Column). A Slice of Thai History
Perlis
Easternmost island of Singapore
1824 to the Government of India by the British Resident in Singapore, John Crawfurd, also confirm it was his understanding that all the islands in the region
Pedra_Branca,_Singapore
Fish sauce originating from east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
of the Malay language, With a Preliminary Dissertation, Volume 2, By John Crawfurd, published in 1852. It is similar to the patis in Philippines, ngapi
Budu_(sauce)
Geopolitical and sociolinguistic term
." — John Crawfurd, 1820 The application of Tanah Melayu to the Malay Peninsula entered into the European authorship, when Marsden and Crawfurd noted
Malay_world
Colonial administrator
the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)
Edmund_Augustus_Blundell
Sir Crawfurd Wilfred Griffin Eady GCMG KCB KBE (27 September 1890 – 9 January 1962) was a British civil servant and diplomat. Although often referred to
Wilfred_Griffin_Eady
a heavy wooden collar for a month. However, Farquhar's replacement, John Crawfurd, wrote to the Supreme Government advocating licensing gambling in Singapore
Gambling_in_Singapore
Island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland
"Tartan Pimpernel" for his exploits in France during World War II. John Crawfurd (1783-1868) was born on Islay and during a long career as a colonial
Islay
British administrator in India
Government House, the statesman John Adam, and the architect Robert Adam". ABE Journal. 14–15. doi:10.4000/abe.6193. Crawfurd, John (August 2006) [First published
John_Adam_(administrator)
Ethnic group in Thailand
capitalization in the country's economy. British East India Company agent John Crawfurd used detailed company records kept on Prince of Wales's Island (present-day
Thai_Chinese
Theory which posits a common descent for all humans
challenged by James Hunt, a polygenist who became a secretary in 1859, and John Crawfurd, who was president two years later, who believed in a large number of
Monogenism
joint suzerainty, having lost its national sovereignty. British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself
History_of_Cambodia
Colonial Administrator
the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)
Laurence_Guillemard
Scottish nobleman (c. 1598–1679)
Patrick Lindsay (later Crawfurd of Kilbirnie) (1646–1681), who married Margaret Crawfurd, a daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie, in 1664
John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford
John_Lindsay,_17th_Earl_of_Crawford
Decade
1778) May 10 – Henry Bennett, American politician (b. 1808) May 11 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author, last
1860s
Javanese sailing ship
shipbuilding yards in Amsterdam employed Javanese people as foremen. In 1856, John Crawfurd noted that Javanese shipbuilding activity still existed on the north
Djong
1841–1946 kingdom on northern Borneo
(2016). Race and British Colonialism in Southeast Asia, 1770–1870: John Crawfurd and the Politics of Equality. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-315-45216-6
Raj_of_Sarawak
King of Cambodia from 1848 to 1860
When that failed, he enlisted the help of the French." British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself
Ang_Duong
British colonial administrator
the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)
Alexander_Swettenham
Ethnic group
unearthed Hindu-Buddhist artefacts from the pre-colonial period. In 1822, John Crawfurd documented the ruins of a Hindu or Buddhist temple on Fort Canning Hill
Indian_Singaporeans
Island in the Philippines
Man of the Island of Luzon 1820 by John Crawfurd
Luzon
Sultan of the Johor Sultanate (1776–1835)
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the 2nd resident of Singapore Dr John Crawfurd at the Government Hill on 2 August 1824. Under the terms of that treaty
Hussein_Shah_of_Johor
Republic of Ezo (1869) and the Republic of Taiwan (1895). Company agent John Crawfurd used the census taken in 1824 for a statistical analysis of the relative
European colonisation of Southeast Asia
European_colonisation_of_Southeast_Asia
District in Chonburi, Thailand
reassembled as part of Vimanmek Mansion in Bangkok. The British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting the islands in 1822 during his mission, described the island
Ko_Sichang_district
Ancient Buddhist temple in Bangkok
Naphalai. Britain's ambassador to the royal court of King Nangklao, John Crawfurd once described this temple as "the most beautifully built in Bangkok"
Wat_Ratchaorasaram
State of Malaysia
sultanates. In 1822, the British authority in India sent British diplomat John Crawfurd to Siam to negotiate trade concessions and gather information with a
Perak
unearthed Hindu-Buddhist artefacts from the pre-colonial period. In 1822, John Crawfurd documented the ruins of a Hindu or Buddhist temple on Fort Canning Hill
History of Indian Singaporeans
History_of_Indian_Singaporeans
13th-century Mongol-Chinese campaigns
Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-29622-7. Connolly, Peter; Gillingham, John; Lazenby, John, eds. (1998). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare
Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam
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