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Fourth version of the Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of
IPv4
Version 6 of the Internet Protocol
to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, and was intended to replace IPv4. In December 1998, IPv6 became a Draft Standard
IPv6
Method for IP address allocation and routing
on routers across the Internet, and to help slow the rapid exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. IP addresses are described as consisting of two groups of bits
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing
Numerical label used to identify a network interface in an IP network
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) was the first standalone specification for the IP address, and has been in use since 1983. IPv4 addresses are defined as
IP_address
Depletion of unallocated IPv4 addresses
IPv4 address exhaustion is the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses. Because the original Internet architecture had fewer than 4.3 billion
IPv4_address_exhaustion
Principal protocol used for transmission of datagrams across an IP network
(16 bits): The use of the Checksum and Source Port fields is optional in IPv4 (light purple background in table). In IPv6, only the Source Port field is
User_Datagram_Protocol
Label to identify a network interface of a computer or other network node
infrastructure of the Internet, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses
IPv6_address
Authority (IANA) have reserved various IP addresses for special purposes. IPv4 designates special usage or applications for various addresses or address
List_of_reserved_IP_addresses
Network using private IP addresses
networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments. Both the IPv4 and the IPv6 specifications define private IP address ranges. Most Internet
Private_network
Logical identifier addressing a specific group of devices on a network
layer (layer 3 for OSI) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or Version 6 (IPv6) multicast. IPv4 multicast addresses are defined by the most-significant
Multicast_address
Communication protocol that allows connections between networks
to as TCP/IP. The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the Internet. Its successor is Internet Protocol
Internet_Protocol
Associates addresses in the layers of a networked device implementation
as a MAC address, associated with an internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The protocol, part of the Internet protocol suite, was defined in
Address_Resolution_Protocol
Special purpose IPv4 network
An IPv4 shared address space is a block of Internet Protocol version 4 addresses for use by Internet service providers (ISPs) to alleviate the risk of
IPv4_shared_address_space
IPv4 address for multiple purposes
The Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) address 0.0.0.0 can have multiple uses. IANA, who allocate IP addresses globally, have allocated the single IP address
0.0.0.0
Logical subdivision of an IP network
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), but its successor, IPv6, has been increasingly deployed since approximately 2006. An IPv4 address consists of 32 bits
Subnet
Mechanism to allow IPv6 hosts to communicate with IPv4 servers
communication between IPv6 and IPv4 hosts by using a form of network address translation (NAT). The NAT64 gateway is a translator between IPv4 and IPv6 protocols
NAT64
IPv4 to IPv6 transition technology
Since IPv6 is not directly interoperable with its predecessor protocol IPv4, transition mechanisms are designed to permit hosts on either network type
List of IPv6 transition mechanisms
List_of_IPv6_transition_mechanisms
Network address usable for communication within a subnet
also known as auto-IP, automatic private IP addressing (APIPA, specific to IPv4), and stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC, specific to IPv6). While
Link-local_address
list of the IP protocol numbers found in the 8-bit Protocol field of the IPv4 header and the 8-bit Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is an identifier
List_of_IP_protocol_numbers
This is a list of countries by IPv4 address allocation. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) distributes large blocks of addresses to regional
List of countries by IPv4 address allocation
List_of_countries_by_IPv4_address_allocation
Some large /8 blocks of IPv4 addresses, the former Class A network blocks, are assigned in whole to single organizations or related groups of organizations
List of assigned /8 IPv4 address blocks
List_of_assigned_/8_IPv4_address_blocks
Algorithm for applications supporting both Internet protocol versions 4 and 6
applications (those that understand both IPv4 and IPv6) more responsive to users by attempting to connect using both IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time (preferring
Happy_Eyeballs
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
from a Web browser by the URL http://localhost to display its home page. IPv4 network standards reserve the entire address block 127.0.0.0/8 (more than
Localhost
Protocol transition technology in computer networking
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling protocol, requires that the tunnel endpoint have a public IPv4 address. However, many hosts currently attach to the IPv4 Internet
Teredo_tunneling
Presentation format for numerical data
(decimal) numbers. In computer networking, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) addresses are commonly written using the dotted-quad notation of four decimal
Dot-decimal_notation
Process that breaks IP packets into smaller pieces
the overall architectural approach to fragmentation, are different between IPv4 and IPv6. RFC 791 describes the procedure for IP fragmentation, and transmission
IP_fragmentation
Regional Internet Registry representing Europe, the former USSR and West Asia
RIR oversees the allocation and registration of Internet number resources (IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses and autonomous system numbers) in a specific region
RIPE_NCC
Supplemental data in an IP packet
today: IPv4 and IPv6. The IPv6 header uses IPv6 addresses and thus offers a much bigger address space but is not backward compatible with IPv4. IPv4 is the
IP_header
Practice of connecting a host or a computer network to more than one network
implement multihoming for IPv4 using multiple NAT gateways. Classic multihoming can be done in the same way for IPv6 as in IPv4, using Provider Independent
Multihoming
Early system for organizing the IPv4 address space
The method divides the IP address space for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) into five address classes based on the leading four address bits. Classes
Classful_network
Overview of the deployment of IPv6
mid-2000s. IPv6 was designed as the successor protocol for IPv4 with an expanded addressing space. IPv4, which has been in use since 1982, is in the final stages
IPv6_deployment
Principal protocol used to assign IPv4 addresses on an IPv4 network
device. DHCP services exist for networks running Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), as well as version 6 (IPv6). The IPv6 version of the DHCP protocol is commonly
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
Block of IP addresses assigned to an organization
no longer assign IPv4 Provider Independent (PI) address space as it is now using the last /8 of IPv4 address space that it holds. IPv4 address space from
Provider-independent address space
Provider-independent_address_space
Mechanism to detect corruption in the header of an IPv4 packet
called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It
Internet_checksum
Global system of connected computer networks
into IP addresses. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. IPv4 is the initial version used on the first generation
Internet
four-bit IP version number as the first field of its header. Currently, only IPv4 and IPv6 packets are seen on the Internet, having IP version numbers 4 and
List_of_IP_version_numbers
IPv6 transition mechanism
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to IPv6. It is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates IPv6 packets on specially configured IPv4 links according to the specifications
6in4
Internet transition mechanism
Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to version 6 (IPv6) and a system that allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network (generally the IPv4 Internet) without
6to4
Type of network address translation
network address translation (NAT) used by Internet service providers (ISPs) in IPv4 network design. With CGNAT, end sites, in particular residential networks
Carrier-grade_NAT
IP packet on the public internet
packet from Mars, meaning that packet seems to be not of this Earth. In both IPv4 and IPv6, a Martian packet has a source address, a destination address, or
Martian_packet
Internet transition mechanism
6rd is a mechanism to facilitate IPv6 rapid deployment across IPv4 infrastructures of Internet service providers (ISPs). The protocol is derived from 6to4
IPv6_rapid_deployment
Reserved Internet domain name
with the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 of a web server managed by ICANN. The domains are digitally signed
Example.com
Secure network protocol suite
RFC 1825 through RFC 1827. The initial IPv4 suite was developed with few security provisions. As a part of the IPv4 enhancement, IPsec is a layer 3 OSI model
IPsec
Finding a domain name associated to an IP address
of RFC 3425. Reverse DNS lookups for IPv4 addresses use the special domain in-addr.arpa. In this domain, an IPv4 address is represented as a concatenated
Reverse_DNS_lookup
Free and open-source VPN protocol
layer 3 for both IPv4 and IPv6 and can encapsulate v4-in-v6 and vice versa. The overhead of WireGuard breaks down as follows: 20-byte IPv4 header or 40-byte
WireGuard
IPv6 transition mechanism for IPv4 hosts using 4in6 tunnels
IPv4 Residual Deployment (4rd) is an IPv6 transition mechanism for Internet service providers for deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), while
IPv4_Residual_Deployment
Way to traverse IP address spaces without routing
popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can
Network_address_translation
IPv6 transition mechanism
of an IPv4 network. It is defined in the informational RFC 5214. Unlike 6over4 (an older similar protocol using IPv4 multicast), ISATAP uses IPv4 as a
ISATAP
Protocol in the Internet protocol suite used with IPv6
Router Discovery and Router Redirect protocols for IPv4. It provides many improvements over its IPv4 counterparts. For example, it includes Neighbor Unreachability
Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol
to the customer's Internet Protocol address (IPv4). The resulting 12-octet field is a unique "VPN-IPv4" address. There is a more detailed description
Route_distinguisher
Protocol for establishing multicast group memberships on IPv4 networks
(IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet_Group_Management_Protocol
Type of IP address
to IPv4 private network addressing. However, there are also significant differences, as each user of ULAs has a unique address range, whereas IPv4 private
Unique_local_address
Technologies for automatic network connection configuration
hosts or routers. Most IPv4 hosts use link-local addressing only as a last resort when a DHCP server is unavailable. An IPv4 host otherwise uses its
Zero-configuration_networking
Field in the header of an IPv4 packet
The type of service (ToS) field is the second byte of the IPv4 header. It has had various purposes over the years, and has been defined in different ways
Type_of_service
Computer network protocol to determine the maximum size of packets to transmit
PMTUD was originally intended for routers in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4). However, all modern operating systems use it on endpoints. In IPv6, this
Path_MTU_Discovery
Estimates of how many people use the Internet
Systems Consortium provides account for the number of the worldwide number of IPv4 hosts (see below). In 2019, this Internet domain survey was discontinued
Global_Internet_usage
Service which provides a network tunnel
directly inside IPv4 packets by having the protocol field set to '41' (IPv6) in the IPv4 packet. In the case of IPv4 tunnel brokers IPv4 tunnels are provided
Tunnel_broker
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
packet is encapsulated in an IPv4 packet. The packet consists of header and data sections. The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
Transmission control protocol configurable option
see pseudo-file /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_window_scaling and its companions /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem and /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem (more information:
TCP_window_scale_option
Protocol for communicating routing information on the Internet
only work with IPv4 addresses. Since the publication of RFC 2283 in 1998, routing information about a wide range of "address families" (IPv4, IPv6, IPX,
Border_Gateway_Protocol
Network zones not needing default routing rules
Retrieved 2015-06-13. "IPv4 Routing Table Report - Singapore (Global) view - bgp-stats". orbit.apnic.net. APNIC. Retrieved 2025-07-31. "IPv4 Routing Table Report
Default-free_zone
networking is an experimental approach to the IPv4 address shortage. It is a technique for sharing single IPv4 addresses among several users without using
Address_plus_Port
Networking architecture for prioritizing traffic
purposes. The DS field, together with the ECN field, replaces the outdated IPv4 TOS field. Modern data networks carry many different types of services, including
Differentiated_services
Ethernet frame with more than 1500 bytes payload
reducing the protocol overhead, as shown in the following example with TCP over IPv4. The processing overhead of the hosts can potentially decrease by the ratio
Jumbo_frame
Network routing scheme based on labels identifying paths
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) or Ethernet. MPLS can exist in both an IPv4 and an IPv6 environment, using appropriate routing protocols. The major goal
Multiprotocol_Label_Switching
Text file describing a DNS zone
A 192.0.2.3 ; IPv4 address for mail.example.com mail2 IN A 192.0.2.4 ; IPv4 address for mail2.example.com mail3 IN A 192.0.2.5 ; IPv4 address for mail3
Zone_file
IPv6 multicast address used by NDP
discovery to provide the same function as the Address Resolution Protocol in IPv4. ARP uses broadcasts to send an ARP request to the broadcast MAC address
Solicited-node multicast address
Solicited-node_multicast_address
Expert in Internet routing disruptions
of IPv4 addresses, one of the Internet's hottest commodities, reaches all-time high". The Record. Retrieved 26 October 2021. IPv4 Market Group. "IPv4 Transfer
Doug_Madory
Network utility used to test the reachability of a host
match responses to originating queries. An ICMP packet transported with IPv4 looks like this. Type: 8 bits Set to 8 to indicate 'Echo Request'. Checksum:
Ping_(networking_utility)
Smallest message entity exchanged using Internet Protocol version 6
higher-layer tunneling protocol, such as IPv4 when using 6to4 or Teredo transition technologies. In contrast to IPv4, routers do not fragment IPv6 packets
IPv6_packet
Fictional IPv4 header field indicating malicious intent
The evil bit is a fictional IPv4 packet header field proposed in a humorous April Fools' Day RFC from 2003, authored by Steve Bellovin. The Request for
Evil_bit
Global telecommunications provider headquartered in California, United States
measured by IPv4 prefixes announced, according to its own data. Hurricane Electric operates the largest Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet
Hurricane_Electric
Network time synchronization protocol
over Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) for transport. IEEE 1588-2002 uses only IPv4 transports, but this has been extended to include IPv6 in IEEE 1588-2008
Precision_Time_Protocol
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
address: 32 bits The source address in the IPv4 header Destination address: 32 bits The destination address in the IPv4 header Zeroes: 8 bits All zeroes Protocol:
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Extension of a private network across a public one
identification, and routing specifications for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and for IPv6, the next generation of the protocol with a much enlarged addressing
Virtual_private_network
Computer network protocol
computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by
Port_Control_Protocol
Free DNS service maintained by Cloudflare in partnership with APNIC
speed gain is claimed to be achieved by converting TCP traffic to UDP (both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported), DNS resolution inside Cloudflare's network, and
1.1.1.1
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
identification, and routing specifications for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and for IPv6, the next generation of the protocol with a much enlarged addressing
Computer_network
Amateur radio digital communications system
Red II worm in July 2001. In mid-2019, part of IPv4 range was sold off for conventional use, due to IPv4 address exhaustion. Beginning on 1 May 1978, the
AMPRNet
Group of internetworking methods in the TCP/IP suite
Different implementations exist for IPv4 and IPv6. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used by IPv4 hosts and adjacent IP multicast routers
Internet_layer
Network addressing and routing methodology
implement load balancing. In IPv4 to IPv6 transitioning, anycast addressing may be deployed to provide IPv6 compatibility to IPv4 hosts. This method, 6to4
Anycast
that combines A+P port address translation with the tunneling of legacy IPv4 protocol packets over an ISP's internal IPv6 network. MAP uses the extra
Mapping_of_Address_and_Port
Internet protocol that uses a proxy server
Destination port number, in network byte order. DESTIP: 32 bits Destination IPv4 address, in network byte order. ID: variable The User ID string, null-terminated
SOCKS
Attack on a computer system by pinging a computer
84 bytes including Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 header. However, any IPv4 packet may be as large as 65,535 bytes. Some computer systems were never
Ping_of_death
Routing protocol for IP networks
their destination IP address. OSPF supports Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks and is widely used in large
Open_Shortest_Path_First
Cisco tunneling protocol
that are encapsulated within IP directly, use IP protocol type 47 in the IPv4 header's Protocol field or the IPv6 header's Next Header field. For performance
Generic_routing_encapsulation
Internet transition mechanism
mechanism for Internet service providers to provide continued access to the IPv4 Internet over an IPv6-only service provider infrastructure. There are currently
4over6
Means of addressing all devices on a network with a single transmission
networks, it is a specific MAC address. In Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) networks, broadcast addresses are special values in the host-identification
Broadcast_address
Regional Internet Registry representing North America and the Caribbean
countries. ARIN manages the distribution of Internet number resources, including IPv4 and IPv6 address space and AS numbers. ARIN opened for business on December
American Registry for Internet Numbers
American_Registry_for_Internet_Numbers
Communications protocol
Version Comment v1 First implementation, now obsolete, and restricted to IPv4 (without IP mask and AS Numbers). v2 Cisco internal version, never released
NetFlow
Protocol
protocol based on the Domain Name System (DNS) packet format that allows both IPv4 and IPv6 hosts to perform name resolution for hosts on the same local link
Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution
Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution
Optional parameters for Internet Protocol
possible options that can be put in the IPv4 header are as follows: The table below shows the defined options for IPv4. The Option Type column is derived from
Internet_Protocol_Options
Size of largest allowed packet on a network segment
higher-level protocols may create packets larger than even the local link supports. IPv4 allows fragmentation, which divides the datagram into pieces, each small
Maximum_transmission_unit
active-active configuration Address family traversal: IPv4 over IPv4, IPv4 over IPv6, IPv6 over IPv6, IPv6 over IPv4 Inbound traffic engineering Mobility Simple
Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol
Locator/Identifier_Separation_Protocol
Website providing torrent files and magnet links
for the attack. On 27 April 2009, the website of The Pirate Bay had fibre IPv4 connectivity issues. There was widespread speculation this was a forced outage
The_Pirate_Bay
Inter-process communication API
example: PF_INET for network protocol IPv4 (IPv4-only) PF_INET6 for IPv6 (and in some cases, backward compatible with IPv4) PF_UNIX for local socket (using
Berkeley_sockets
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
the refid is an encoded form of the upstream time server's IP address. For IPv4, this is simply the 32-bit address; for IPv6, it would be the first 32 bits
Network_Time_Protocol
that enable the transparent encapsulation of one Internet protocol (usually IPv4 or IPv6) within another, allowing original packets to traverse network domains
Softwire_(protocol)
Service discovery protocol
mDNS message is a multicast UDP packet sent using the following addressing: IPv4 address 224.0.0.251 or IPv6 address ff02::fb UDP port 5353 When using Ethernet
Multicast_DNS
Open-source TCP/IP stack
that can handle packet forwarding over multiple network interfaces. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported dual stack since lwIP v2.0.0 . For network maintenance
LwIP
IPV4
IPV4
IPV4
IPV4
Boy/Male
Arabic
The Biblical Enoch is the English Language Equivalent
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Ibn Amr As-sulami RA had this Name
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Black Beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Mythological, Sanskrit
King of Birds
Girl/Female
Greek
Flower.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
The Loved One
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Point Where the Sky and Sea Appears to Meet
Biblical
(יו×ב, Joab) - "The Lord is father"
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Free Landholder
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Bringer of Victory
IPV4
IPV4
IPV4
IPV4
IPV4