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Transfer of genetic material from one species to another
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another
Introgression
Human hybridization during the Paleolithic
introgression of archaic human DNA has influenced the biology of modern humans through both positive and negative selection. Adaptive introgression provided
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans
Archaic human species from Asia
single Denisovan introgression seen in Papuans. A 2019 study found a third wave of Denisovans that introgressed into East Asians. Introgression, also, may not
Denisovan
Genome resulting from the mating of closely related species
hybridization can enrich the genetic diversity of introgressed taxon, lead to introgression of beneficial genetic variation or even generate new hybrid species
Eukaryote_hybrid_genome
Fredotovic et al., 2014 Ananas comosus Pineapple Bromeliaceae Interspecific introgression Putative Ananas ananassoides Homoploid – Duval et al., 2003 Annona ×
List_of_plant_hybrids
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
through the process of genetic pollution, the uncontrolled hybridization, introgression genetic swamping which leads to homogenization or out-competition from
Mammal
Inferred statistical population
Durvasula; Sriram Sankararaman (2020). "Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations". Science Advances. 6 (7) eaax5097. Bibcode:2020SciA
Ghost_population
Genus of hominins
long extinct. As discussed above, many introgressions have occurred between lineages, with evidence of introgression after separation of 1.5 million years
Homo
Hybrid wheat/rye crop
translocation triticale facilitates the transfer of R-genes.[citation needed] Introgression involves the crossing of closely related plant relatives, and results
Triticale
Introgressive hybridization, also known as introgression, is the flow of genetic material between divergent lineages via repeated backcrossing. In plants
Introgressive hybridization in plants
Introgressive_hybridization_in_plants
Citrus fruit and plant
subspecies, but also contained some prior Ryukyu mandarin introgression. They lack the pomelo introgression found in the closely related domesticated mandarin
Tachibana_orange
Extinct species of large cattle
17–7,000 years ago and 51 modern cattle breeds revealed some degree of introgression of aurochs genes into south European cattle, indicating that female
Aurochs
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
hybrid backcrosses with one of its parent species, a process called introgression. Hybrids can also cause speciation, either because the hybrids are genetically
Hybrid_(biology)
Subfamily of Old World monkeys
hybridization, particularly involving female introgression from Piliocolobus/Procolobus into Colobus and male introgression from Semnopithecus into Trachypithecus
Colobinae
Chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India
presence of some genetic material from Capsicum frutescens from an introgression event, however, there is no indication that this is related to its exceptional
Ghost_pepper
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
Sankararaman S (February 2020). "Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations". Science Advances. 6 (7) eaax5097. Bibcode:2020SciA
Human
Genetic study of ancient Neanderthal DNA
Neanderthal/Denisovan split. This involved either introgression coming from an unknown archaic human into Denisovans, or introgression from an earlier unidentified modern
Neanderthal_genetics
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
need to be reconciled, as they delimit species differently. Genetic introgression mediated by endosymbionts and other vectors can further make barcodes
Species
Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea
their genome with the Denisovans, indicating this exchange. Denisovan introgressions may have influenced the immune system of present-day Papuans and potentially
Indigenous people of New Guinea
Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea
Hypothetical West African archaeogenetic lineage
Arun; Sankararaman, Sriram (2020). "Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations". Science Advances. 6 (7) eaax5097. Bibcode:2020SciA
Basal_West_African
Edible fruit
multiple accessions has supported this, while also suggesting extensive introgression from Malus sylvestris following domestication. Central Asia is generally
Apple
Small citrus fruit
mandarins. Still, they did appear to have small amounts (~1.8%) of introgression from the ichang papeda, which grows wild in the same region. The Nanling
Mandarin_orange
Genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae
through introgression. All but the Nicaraguan species of teosinte may grow in or very near corn fields, providing opportunities for introgression between
Zea_(plant)
Interbreeding between isolated populations
Hybrid Hybrid vigor Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans Introgression Population groups in biomedicine Korunes, Katharine L.; Goldberg, Amy
Genetic_admixture
Species of legume
(cultivated varieties). This may make G. soja useful as a wild relative for introgression of aphid resistance. "Glycine max subsp. soja (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Ohashi"
Glycine_soja
Extinct human species
pool (negative selection). Similarly, a large portion of surviving introgression appears to be non-coding ("junk") DNA with few biological functions
Neanderthal
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
has been revised in the 2010s with the discovery of admixture events (introgression) of populations of H. sapiens with populations of archaic humans over
Early_modern_human
Dog breed
"Genomic analysis reveals hypoxia adaptation in the Tibetan mastiff by introgression of the grey wolf from the Tibetan plateau". Molecular Biology and Evolution
Tibetan_Mastiff
Type of rice
(September 2015). "The Birth of a Black Rice Gene and Its Local Spread by Introgression". The Plant Cell. 27 (9): 2401–14. doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00310. PMC 4815089
Black_rice
Genus of flowering plants constituting the family Platanaceae
evolutionary processes in the past (ancient or recent hybridization and introgression): Platanus palmeri (= P. occidentalis var. palmeri) – forming the southwesternmost
Platanus
Species of fish
populations now face extinction due to man-made activities and genetic introgression due to interbreeding with escaped aquaculture hybrids. In Thailand both
Broadhead_catfish
Flowering plant, bean family Fabaceae
; Williamson, M. L.; Verry, I. M. (2008-01-01). "Hybridization and Introgression between Two Diploid Wild Relatives of White Clover, Trifolium nigrescens
Trifolium_repens
Population of hybrids beyond first hybrid generation
hybrid swarm. Hybrid swarms can lead to introgressive hybridization, or introgression, in which there is gene flow from the hybrid gene pool to the parental
Hybrid_swarm
Species of flowering plant
collectively as T. erectum (sensu lato). Others acknowledge the existence of introgression and hybrid swarm formation between some or all complex members, but
Trillium_erectum
Termination of a species' lineage
are subjected to genetic pollution—i.e., uncontrolled hybridization, introgression and genetic swamping that lead to homogenization or out-competition
Extinction
Disease in dogs and other canines
2019). "Canine transmissible venereal tumor genome reveals ancient introgression from coyotes to pre-contact dogs in North America". Cell Research. 29
Canine transmissible venereal tumor
Canine_transmissible_venereal_tumor
Species of bivalve
peculiar population of Mytilus trossulus, which shows some genetic introgression from M. edulis and whose mitochondrial DNA has been replaced by M. edulis
Mytilus_trossulus
Hybrid carnivore
mountain cat as a wildcat conspecific (Felis silvestris bieti) and its introgression to domestic cats". Science Advances. 7 (26) eabg0221. Bibcode:2021SciA
Felid_hybrids
Cross between grizzly and polar bear
instances of introgressive hybridization between bear species, including introgression of polar bear DNA into brown bears during the Pleistocene ("grizzly
Grizzly–polar_bear_hybrid
Subspecies of brown bear
genetically anomalous grouping was the ABC Islands bear, which bears genetic introgression from the polar bear. A formal taxonomic revision was not performed,
Grizzly_bear
Species of bird
the American robin ( Turdus migratorius ) reveals hidden lineages and introgression". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. doi:10.1111/jse.70078. ISSN 1674-4918
American_robin
Genus of brush-footed butterflies
studies have found ancient introgressions between H. erato and H. melpomene that have suggested greater amounts of introgression than previously believed
Heliconius
Species of bird
Kevin P; Huff, Chad D; Yandell, Mark; Shapiro, Michael D (2018-07-17). "Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern
Speckled_pigeon
Dog breed
genome introgression from the ancestor of the recently extinct Japanese wolf, with Japanese dogs showing 4% genome introgression. This introgression occurred
New_Guinea_singing_dog
Subspecies of canine
analyses that includes a gray wolf ecotype, a gray wolf with genetic introgression from the coyote, a gray wolf/coyote hybrid, a gray wolf/red wolf hybrid
Eastern_wolf
Group of mostly pollinating insects whose larvae live in figs
fig wasp species like Pegoscapus as they result in hybridization and introgression. Conservation efforts aim to control the populations often times targeting
Fig_wasp
Species of fish
mykiss) hybridize with them, damaging the native gene pool through introgression. Populations have been in steady decline for decades. In 1978, the Golden
Golden_trout
Small domesticated bird
such as checkered wing patterns and red/brown colour, may be due to introgression by cross-breeding with the speckled pigeon C. guinea. However, there
Domestic_pigeon
Species of apricot
populations from northern Central Asia, and the kernel-using varieties have introgression from P. sibirica. The cultivated apricot diffused westward by two main
Prunus_armeniaca
Subspecies of bird
determined to be composed of B. c. maxima, with a possible low degree of introgression from a smaller subspecies. Delacour, Jean (1954). The Waterfowl of the
Giant_Canada_goose
Genus of trees in the family Fagaceae
product of past, repeated reticulate evolutionary processes (outbreeding, introgression, hybridization). As far as studied, heterozygosity and intragenomic
Beech
Species of butterfly
Seixas, F., Queste, L.M. et al. Hybrid speciation driven by multilocus introgression of ecological traits. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07263-w
Heliconius_elevatus
Transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
positive selection to the gene pool of a species or population (adaptive introgression. ) There are a number of factors that affect the rate of gene flow between
Gene_flow
Species of mammal
Rüppell's fox from a red fox lineage, (2) incomplete lineage sorting, or introgression of mtDNA between the two species. Based on the fossil record, the last
Red_fox
Species of North American mammal
introduced American martens is unknown. In addition, genetic evidence of introgression with American martens is present in other parts of the Pacific marten's
American_marten
Species of mammal
polyphyly in the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species" (PDF). Conservation
Goitered_gazelle
related sympatric species by means of hybridisation and comprehensive introgression. The concept has in practice been applied to plants. The target species
Compilospecies
Species of bird
Stuckas, Heiko; Päckert, Martin (December 2021). "Asymmetric allelic introgression across a hybrid zone of the coal tit ( Periparus ater ) in the central
Coal_tit
Subspecies of honey bee
which are conservation areas for the A. m. siciliana showed no signs of introgression, demonstrating their effectiveness at protecting and preserving the
Apis_mellifera_siciliana
Species of beetle
Huang, J. (2016). "Parapatric genetic introgression and phenotypic assimilation: testing conditions for introgression between Hercules beetles (Dynastes
Hercules_beetle
Species of fish
of mitochondrial DNA diversity and Rainbow Trout hybridization and introgression. Final Report. IDFG Report Number 07-36. Idaho Department of Fish and
Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout
Rocky_Mountain_cutthroat_trout
Genus of canines
its lineage had been distinct since the Miocene with no evidence of introgression with Canis. The study hypothesized that the Neogene canids in the New
Canis
Effort to increase bison in North America
collaborative effort includes attention to heritage genetics and minimal cattle introgression. Bison once roamed across most of North America in numbers that reached
Conservation of American bison
Conservation_of_American_bison
One of the two categories of Indigenous Australians
"Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo
Aboriginal_Australians
Genus of crested and the marbled newts
species and have intermediate characteristics (see Hybridisation and introgression). Morphological characteristics of the Triturus species Based on the
Triturus
Preserve in central Kansas
Kansas. It is a public bison herd that has little evidence of cattle introgression. Bison were reintroduced to the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve
Tallgrass_Prairie_bison_herd
Ran; Ruhl, Stefan; Gokcumen, Omer (October 2017). "Archaic Hominin Introgression in Africa Contributes to Functional Salivary MUC7 Genetic Variation"
Timeline_of_human_evolution
Species of lizard
carbonelli, with a divergence time of 3.9 Mya. However, there is some introgression between the species as well. This is seen through the genomes of the
Podarcis_virescens
Dog type
Taimyr wolf and the ancestors of these four high-latitude breeds. This introgression could have provided early dogs living in high latitudes with phenotypic
Husky
list of plants that can hybridize under the same genus (Interspecific introgression, allopolyploid origin, and interspecific hybrid origin) can be found
List_of_genetic_hybrids
Project having the goal of breeding back the extinct cattle species of aurochs
Domestic cattle originated in the middle east, and there also has been introgression of European aurochs into domestic cattle in ancient times. The Uruz
Uruz_Project
North American wild canine hybrid
areas where a high deer density exists, supporting the theory that introgression from wolves allowed genetic adaption to this food source. There are
Eastern_coyote
Group of closely related similar organisms
Arion vulgaris (Gastropoda: Arionidae): microsatellites reveal little introgression from Arion ater and limited gene flow between infraspecific races in
Species_complex
Species of grass
(August 2005). "Extensive de Novo Genomic Variation in Rice Induced by Introgression From Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia Griseb.)". Genetics. 170 (4): 1945–1956
Zizania_latifolia
Species of bird
Judith M. & Simberloff, Daniel (1996). "Extinction by hybridization and introgression". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27 (1): 83–109. Bibcode:1996AnRES..27...83R
Rose-breasted_grosbeak
Species of bird
In addition, as the provenance of specimens is not noted, genetic introgression due to hybridzation cannot be excluded, as the species' ranges touch
Sanford's_sea_eagle
People of Andaman archipelago
"Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania". Nature Communications. 10 (1) 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo
Andamanese_peoples
Citrus fruit from Southeast Asia
lemons have some pomelo ancestry. In addition, there has been repeated introgression of pomelo genes into both early cultivated hybrid mandarins and later
Pomelo
Sequence of populations, organisms, cells, or genes that form a line of descent
which occurs due to different biological processes. Another process, introgression, occurs when hybrids between distinct lineages transfer novel genetic
Lineage_(evolution)
Californian species of western cypress
However, a lengthy section of the 2016 federal report titled "Genetic introgression" (also known as introgressive hybridization) explains how the integrity
Hesperocyparis_abramsiana
Species of fruit and plant
to the Chinese Sun Chu Sha mandarin but has small amounts of pomelo introgression that was passed on to the shiikwaasa. The mainland parent reproduces
Citrus_depressa
Subspecies of honey bee
Jordan, showed that the bees were all A. m. syriaca, with no detectable introgression from European subspecies, even from hives in which A. m. syriaca and
Apis_mellifera_syriaca
Genus of turtles
Turtles (Geoemydidae: Malayemys) Reveals a New Species and Mitochondrial Introgression". PLOS ONE. 11 (4) e0153108. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1153108I. doi:10.1371/journal
Malayemys
Research institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños
Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV) to produce commercial tomato varieties. After introgression lines and appropriate controls were supplied by IPB partners, these
University of the Philippines Los Baños Institute of Plant Breeding
University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Baños_Institute_of_Plant_Breeding
Species of great ape
million years ago. Another 2017 genetic study suggests ancient gene flow (introgression) between 200,000 and 550,000 years ago from the bonobo into the ancestors
Chimpanzee
Species of mammal
Jenny, H.; Hackländer, K.; Magnussen, E.; Melo-Ferreira, J. (2019). "Introgression drives repeated evolution of winter coat colour polymorphism in hares"
Mountain_hare
Species of bird
Two lines of evidence support introgression. First, analyses of the three loci combined show that some introgression is necessary to explain current
Falcated_duck
Domesticated omnivorous even-toed ungulate
origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics. 154 (4): 1785–1791. doi:10.1093/genetics/154.4.1785. PMC 1461048
Pig
Species of oak tree
more northern parts of the island, these two species have experienced introgression and they are interfertile, producing shoots that grow and can reproduce;
Quercus_dentata
Type of animal mating behaviour
C. (2012). "Kin selection may contribute to lek evolution and trait introgression across an avian hybrid zone". Molecular Ecology. 21 (6): 1477–1486.
Lek_mating
Species of fungus
chromosomes. Unlike natural strains, human-associated strains show introgression from S. eubayanus and S. kudriavzevii. There has been multiple independent
Saccharomyces_uvarum
Species of tree
purpurea (S. × sordida). Populations of S. caprea often show hybrid introgression. Unlike almost all other willows, pure specimens do not take root readily
Salix_caprea
Species of oak tree
competition (including Pyrus calleryana, Nandina, and privet), and introgression with other oaks. Kenny, L.; Wenzell, K.; Beckman, E. (2016). "Quercus
Quercus_boyntonii
Genus of wild and domestic cattle
suggested to be likely due to incomplete lineage sorting or genetic introgression into B. bonasus from other Bos species. Relationships of members of
Bos
Czech and Slovak breed of dog
from those of the parental populations. The results indicate limited introgression of lupine alleles (genetic expressions) within a higher proportion of
Czechoslovakian_Wolfdog
Species of reptile
porcatus has been introduced. A 2022 study found there to be asymmetric introgression of certain A. porcatus alleles within the population of hybrid individuals
Anolis_carolinensis
American paleoanthropologist
recent developments on this topic at his blog. Hawks has predicted introgression including the Neanderthal admixture hypothesis which gained further
John_D._Hawks
Subspecies of tortoise
event beginning around 199,000 years ago, and had been formed through introgression, where greater male selectivity was exhibited by purebred females in
Volcán_Wolf_giant_tortoise
Species of shark
Greenland shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ): Impacts of ice-olation and introgression". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (19): 8113–8125. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7.8113W
Greenland_shark
Bear hybrids
material has passed the species boundary in bears (a process called introgression by geneticists). Specifically, species with evidence of past intermingling
Ursid_hybrid
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
Male
Greek
(Τίμαιος) Greek name TIMAIOS means "honor."
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Liberal donor
Boy/Male
Tamil
Japendra | ஜபேஂதà¯à®°
Lord of chants, Lord Shiva
Male
Italian
Italian form of German Hermann, ERMANNO means "army man."
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Indian, Sanskrit, Swedish
Woman from Magdala; Crowned
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Clever Lord Rama
Boy/Male
Muslim
Everlasting, Perpetual, For
Girl/Female
Arabic, Danish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sanskrit
Contented; Queen; Short Form of Ourania; She who Gives Pleasures; Delighted
Girl/Female
German
Noted protector.
Boy/Male
English
Lives at the king's spring.
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
INTROGRESSION
n.
The act of going in; entrance.