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Egyptian government policy
Infitah (Arabic: انفتاح, romanized: infitāḥ, IPA: [enfeˈtæːħ], lit. 'openness'), or Law 43 of 1974, was Egyptian president Anwar Sadat's policy of "opening
Infitah
President of Egypt from 1970 to 1981
tenets of Nasserism, reinstituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the October war of 1973
Anwar_Sadat
Aspect of Egyptian history
abandoning many of Nasser's economic and political principles via the Infitah policy, Sadat ended Egypt's strategic partnership with the Soviet Union
History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat
History_of_Egypt_under_Anwar_Sadat
Political party in Algeria
The El-Infitah Movement (French: Mouvement El Infitah; Arabic: حركة الإنفتاح; lit. 'Opening Movement') is a minor political party in Algeria, led by Naima
El-Infitah_Movement
Egpytian soft drink brand by MYMCO
popularity until 1974 when Egypt's third president, Anwar Sadat, launched the Infitah (Open Door) policy as an economic reform aimed at reducing Egypt's reliance
Spiro_Spathis
Radical left political ideology based on the ideas of the Assad family
internalised or secretly mocked, it had to be practised and obeyed." Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab was one of the central slogans and remarkable declared idea
Assadism
The following is a list of some of the notable Egyptians, inside and outside of Egypt: Abdel Moneim Madbouly Adel Emam Ahmed Zaki Ahmed El-Fishawy Ahmed
List_of_Egyptians
Country in North Africa
renamed the country the Arab Republic of Egypt in 1971. Sadat launched the Infitah ("open door") economic reforms. Some measures of this economic liberalisation
Egypt
and a new economic policy, the most important aspect of which was the infitah or "open door" that relaxed government controls over the economy and encouraged
History_of_republican_Egypt
Egyptian political party
socialist position. This was demonstrated clearly in 1974, with Sadat's Infitah, or Open Door, economic policy, which allowed the emergence of a modern
Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)
1975–1990 conflict in Lebanon
Rabil, Robert G. (2011). "The Islamists and the Political System: Al-Infitah and Lebanonization". Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics
Lebanese_Civil_War
Soviet political reform movement
History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991) Corrective Movement program Infiraj Infitah Perestroika in Kazakhstan Non-fans sometimes follow Alexander Zinoviev
Perestroika
President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970
domestic position improved following the 1973 October War. President Sadat's Infitah policy sought to open Egypt's economy for private investment. According
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
successive economic reforms between 1981 and 2011. These measures, known as al-Infitah, were later diffused across the region. In Tunisia, neoliberal economic
Neoliberalism
alliance between government officials and the local rich that paralleled the infitah alliance at the national level.[citation needed] Under president Hosni
Subdivisions_of_Egypt
Reform introduced by Anwar Sadat in Egypt
military support. In an attempt to revitalize the economy, Sadat enacted the Infitah, a series of policies that attempted to open the economy to Western private
Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)
Widespread civil unrest over food subsidies
reduce the burden of the $9000 million worth debt, Anwar Sadat pursued Infitah (openness) policies, which had—since he took power in 1970—sought to liberalise
1977_Egyptian_bread_riots
Economic reforms in China since 1978
Khrushchev Thaw Neoauthoritarianism Seek truth from facts Xiagang Tiger economy Infitah Infiraj Ray, Alok (2002). "The Chinese Economic Miracle: Lessons to Be
Reform_and_opening_up
successive economic reforms between 1981 and 2011. These measures, known as al-Infitah, were later diffused across the region. In Tunisia, neoliberal economic
Neoliberalism in the Middle East and North Africa
Neoliberalism_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa
Human rights activist and former First Lady of Egypt (1933–2021)
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Jehan_Sadat
Ideological indoctrination (1963 to 2024)
Five-year plans Assadization Infiraj Ta'addudiyya 1973 Syrian Constitution Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab Militarization of the education "Corrective Movement" Steadfastness
Militarization of the education in Ba'athist Syria
Militarization_of_the_education_in_Ba'athist_Syria
1981 assassination in Cairo, Egypt
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat
Politico-religious ideology
Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States;
Islamism
production period. Following the launch of Egypt’s Open Door Policy, or Infitah, in 1974 under President Anwar Sadat, the 1980s saw a growing influx of
Automotive_industry_in_Egypt
Egyptian multinational conglomerate
Egypt returned to a market economy under President Anwar Sadat and his Infitah policy in the early 1970s, Mansour and his sons were able to return. At
Mansour_Group
Ethnic group native to Egypt
the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972, and launched the Infitah economic reform policy. Like his predecessor, he also clamped down on religious
Egyptians
1879–1882 nationalist uprising in Egypt
sometimes put in a Marxist context. Also during President Anwar Sadat's infitah (economic liberalisation) period, in which there was growing, controlled
Urabi_revolt
narratives of modernity have been challenged by the failures of state socialism, the policy of infitah (open door policy) that began ... v t e v t e
The Open Door (al-Zayyat novel)
The_Open_Door_(al-Zayyat_novel)
1981 film
around the Infitah that took place in the 1970s and its impact on Egyptian society through the enrichment of a pickpocket through the Infitah and smuggling
People_on_the_Top
the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the Infitah economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition
History_of_Egypt
1977 trip by the President of Egypt
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
1977 visit by Anwar Sadat to Jerusalem
1977_visit_by_Anwar_Sadat_to_Jerusalem
infrastructure assets. By the late 1970s, president Sadat shifted Egypt to the Infitah, or an 'open door' liberal policy. However, despite a number of rounds
List of state-owned enterprises in Egypt
List_of_state-owned_enterprises_in_Egypt
Egyptian politician (1954–2011)
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Talaat_Sadat
Egyptian cultural critic and Marxist theorist
assumed the presidency of Egypt, El Alem strongly opposed the Egyptian "Infitah" (policy of economic liberalization). He also opposed the peace policy
Mahmoud_Amin_El_Alem
re-instituting the multi-party system and abandoning socialism by launching the Infitah economic policy. After Nasser's death, another of the original revolutionary
History_of_modern_Egypt
Bilateral relations
with Israel in a historic peace treaty in 1979. Sadat's domestic policy, Infitah, was aimed at modernizing the economy and removing Nasser's heavy-handed
Egypt–United_States_relations
Egyptian bank
of Gamal Abdel Nasser. In 1977, Following the economic liberalization (Infitah) Arab Bank was among the first regional institutions to return to the Egyptian
Arab_Bank_Egypt
City of Cairo Governorate
housing was compounded by the economic liberalisation policies of the infitah era, which led to the continuous devaluation of the Egyptian pound and
New_Cairo
Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States;
History_of_Islamism
Consolidation of power by president Assad
Five-year plans Assadization Infiraj Ta'addudiyya 1973 Syrian Constitution Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab Militarization of the education "Corrective Movement" Steadfastness
Assadization
Five-year plans Assadization Infiraj Ta'addudiyya 1973 Syrian Constitution Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab Militarization of the education "Corrective Movement" Steadfastness
Assad family's cult of personality
Assad_family's_cult_of_personality
Policy of economic liberalization in Ba'athist Syria
the infiraj policy and grew immensely wealthy as a result. Ta'addudiyya Infitah New Economic Policy Perestroika Reform and opening up Apostolopoulos, Yorgos;
Infiraj
Former political party in Egypt
transform the Egyptian economy. The new economic policy became known as al-Infitah al-Iqtisadi (the Economic Opening, or Open Door policy). President Sadat's
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)
Far-left variant of Ba'athism in Syria
Five-year plans Assadization Infiraj Ta'addudiyya 1973 Syrian Constitution Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab Militarization of the education "Corrective Movement" Steadfastness
Neo-Ba'athism
2008 Iranian documentary about Anwar Sadat's assassination
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
The_Execution_of_a_Pharaoh
in 1975 after the dramatic 1973 increase in oil prices. Anwar Sadat’s Infitah, or "Open Door Policy", introduced in 1974, marked a stark departure from
Economy_of_Egypt
Arab socialist and nationalist political ideology
Anwar Sadat during what he termed the Corrective Revolution and later his Infitah economic policies. Under the three decade rule of Sadat's successor Hosni
Nasserism
Egyptian politician (born 1955)
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Mohamed_Anwar_Esmat_Sadat
Egyptian fighter pilot (1948–1973)
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Atef_Sadat
Political party in Egypt
Congress Party Headquarters Cairo Ideology Egyptian nationalism Statism Infitah Political position Centre National affiliation Arab Socialist Union (1976–1978)
Egypt_Arab_Socialist_Party
Relli. "Glocal mediators: marketing in Egypt during the open-door era (infitah)." Enterprise & Society 9.4 (2008): 762-787. [1] Timeline of British tobacco
Smoking_in_the_United_Kingdom
Egyptian Bank
established as a joint-stock company in 1978 according to Law No. 43 (Infitah) in 1974. As of 2026, the shareholders composition is: List of largest
Suez_Canal_Bank
Egyptian economist (1935–2018)
connections between the infitah and a crisis of culture. The Egyptian and other Arab peoples had lost confidence in themselves...the infitah, and indeed the whole
Galal_Amin
Egyptian-born Qatari imam (1926–2022)
Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq. 1998. ISBN 978-977-09-0402-2. Thaqāfatunā bayna al-infitāḥ wa-al-inghilāq. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq. 2000. ISBN 978-977-09-0658-3. al-Īmān
Yusuf_al-Qaradawi
Egyptian politician (1926–1990)
of the Nasserists, Anwar al-Sadat invited Mahgoub to take part in the Infitah policy phase and he took a series of teaching positions at Cairo University
Rifaat_el-Mahgoub
FNA Moussa Touati 4.22 13 +5 MRI 3.39 5 +4 RCD Saïd Sadi 3.24 19 +19 El-Infitah 2.63 3 +3 MRN 2.56 3 −40 MJD 2.29 5 +5 Ahd 54 Ali Fawzi Rebaine 2.27 2
2007 Algerian parliamentary election
2007_Algerian_parliamentary_election
Third General Guide of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
that those currently in control of the Muslim Brothers are of the Islamic infitah bourgeoisie who 'bought' the organization with resources acquired through
Umar_al-Tilmisani
1983 film directed by Richard Michaels
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Sadat_(miniseries)
1970-2000 reformist program by Hafez al-Assad
the United States. Assad promoted slogans of "opening to the people" (al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab). The expansion of the social base achieved already in the
Corrective_Movement_(Syria)
Egyptian standardized test regime
tandem with this policy (and in fact, extending all the way back to Sadat's Infitah), the government encouraged the private sector to drive employment growth
Thanaweya_Amma
the Golan Heights. More Palestinians are displaced. 1967: Beginning of Infitah policy in Egypt as Sadat moves away from Soviet Union in wake of Six-Day
Timeline of the history of Islam (20th century)
Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam_(20th_century)
1974 novel by Nawal el Saadawi
political and economic shifts under President Anwar El-Sadat, specifically his Infitah ("open door") policy which embraced Western capitalism and aligned Egypt
God_Dies_by_the_Nile
2001 film by Mohamed Khan
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
The_Days_of_Sadat
Islamist revolt in Egypt
opposed Sadat's policies of normalization of relations with Israel and Infitah (economic liberalization). Sadat's economic policies generally failed to
1981_Asyut_Islamist_Uprising
70 2 +2 Ahd 54 Ali Fawzi Rebaine 1.57 3 +1 MNE 1.56 2 0 RA 1.54 2 +1 El-Infitah 1.52 1 −2 MCL 1.51 1 +1 RPR 1.50 2 0 UFDS 1.50 3 +3 PNSD 1.50 4 +2 PRA
2012 Algerian parliamentary election
2012_Algerian_parliamentary_election
Egyptian-American anthropologist
By Noon Prayer: The Rhythm of Islam. Berg Publishers. 2008. "Veiling Infitah with Muslim Ethic: Egypt's Contemporary Islamic Movement". Social Problems
Fadwa_El_Guindi
Egyptian businessman
ownership and becoming its general manager. In 1975, taking advantage of the Infitah or open-door policies adopted by President Anwar el-Sadat’s government
Hassan_Allam
Egyptian politician (1920–1988)
Ibrahim G. Aoudé (Winter 1994). "From national bourgeois development to Infitah: Egypt 1952-1992". Arab Studies Quarterly. 16 (1): 11. JSTOR 41858749.
Sharawi_Gomaa
Five-year plans Assadization Infiraj Ta'addudiyya 1973 Syrian Constitution Al-infitah ala al-Sha'ab Militarization of the education "Corrective Movement" Steadfastness
Al-Ta'addudiyya Al-Iqtisadiyya
Al-Ta'addudiyya_Al-Iqtisadiyya
Egyptian actor (born 1945)
young man who returns to Egypt from his foreign mission during Sadat's "infitah," or open-door economic policy and inherits a property of his father, Ismail
Yehia_El-Fakharany
76 1 El Wihda 0.66 3 Ahd 54 Ali Fawzi Rebaine 0.65 2 −1 RPR 0.63 2 0 El-Infitah 0.59 1 0 FMN 0.54 2 UFDS Noureddine Bahbouh 0.52 1 −2 FNL 0.49 1 FDL 0
2017 Algerian parliamentary election
2017_Algerian_parliamentary_election
Algerian politician
Trained as a lawyer, Naima Farhi is the Sétif MP for the Movement El-Infitah. She also president of the Center for the Algerian woman, a structure that
Naima_Farhi
German-American Middle East historian (born 1955)
Berlin-Cairo: Then and Today, German-Egyptian Society: Berlin 1991, ed. Egypt's Infitah Open-Door Policy, Department of Afro-Asian Studies: Leipzig 1985 Schwanitz
Wolfgang_G._Schwanitz
economic opening of Egypt under the government of Anwar Sadat in the 1970s (Infitah) substantial foreign aid arrived. In particular, USAID provided assistance
Water supply and sanitation in Egypt
Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Egypt
483-503. online Shechter, Relli. "Glocal mediators: marketing in Egypt during the open-door era (infitah)." Enterprise & Society 9.4 (2008): 762-787. [1]
Smoking_in_Egypt
Bilateral relations
state socialist model in favor of economic liberalization—known as the “infitah” or economic opening—with support from foreign partners; and second, to
Egypt–Israel_relations
Egyptian military officer and politician (1929–2023)
Ibrahim G. Aoudé (Winter 1994). "From national bourgeois development to Infitah: Egypt 1952-1992". Arab Studies Quarterly. 16 (1): 11. JSTOR 41858749.
Sami_Sharaf
Moroccan literary critic, novelist and playwright (1951–2021)
Bashir. al-Tinnîn . Rabat: Űbtîmâ, 1998.(the dragon) QAMARI, Bashir. Fî al-infitâh al-nas:s: wa-l-qirâ´. Rabat: Qâfila al-Kitâb, 2002. (literary criticism)
Bachir_Qamari
Transformation of prosperous state into a failed state
Rabil, Robert G. (2011). "The Islamists and the Political System: Al-Infitah and Lebanonization". Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics
Lebanonization
Party: 2 October 1978 – 16 April 2011 (32 years, 196 days) Under the new Infitah (liberal realignment) of president Anwar Sadat, and in the aftermath of
List of political parties in Egypt
List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt
continued to strike during the Sadatist period, even before the policy of infitah. In August 1971, ten thousand workers in the Helwan Iron and Steel Company
Socialism_in_Egypt
Museum in Alexandria, Egypt
President of Egypt Presidency Trips Corrective revolution Yom Kippur War Infitah 1977 bread riots Egyptian–Libyan War 1977 Jerusalem visit Steadfastness
Sadat_Museum
Palace in Cairo
Makram where Egypt's rich and famous are chronically mourned, several infitah banks, the Semiramis Intercontinental Hotel and the dreaded Mogamaa building
Dubara_Palace
Egyptian journalist and politician
policies and the alleged corruption of his government. He criticized Sadat's Infitah or "Open-Door" policy, which he said only favored the capitalists and those
Hamdeen_Sabahi
Arab academician (1958–2023)
Sayyid Marʻī sharīk wa-shahīd ʻalá ʻuṣūr al-lībirālīyah wa-al-thawrah wa-al-infitāḥ) Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi: Martyr of Revolutionary Integrity (original:
Muhammed_Gwady
liberal economic reforms have become even stronger and deeper. Perestroika Infitah Infiraj Corrective Move Rabil, Robert G. (2003). Embattled Neighbors: Syria
Ta'addudiyya
Weekly business magazine in Egypt
Women's Studies. 12 (3): 219. Marvin G. Weinbaum (April 1985). "Egypt's "Infitah" and the Politics of US Economic Assistance". Middle Eastern Studies. 21
Al_Ahram_Al_Iktisadi
2025 film by Abu Bakr Shawky
socialism and pan-Arabism and starts the period of Sadat’s economic openness (Infitah), rising inequality leads to widespread unrest, culminating in the 1977
The_Stories_(film)
1983 novel by Naguib Mahfouz
set in 1981 whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or open door free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest
The_Day_the_Leader_Was_Killed
Egyptian paediatrician (1917–2002)
Egypt. With the expansion of economic opportunities under Anwar Sadat's Infitah policy, Abdin realized that there would be an increase in demand for foreign
Zahira_Abdin
businessmen who had profited from Sadat's free-market economic policies (infitah). The Brotherhood's main political demand during this period was the application
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present)
History_of_the_Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt_(1954–present)
INFITAH
INFITAH
INFITAH
INFITAH
Boy/Male
English American
rules by the spear.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Heartfelt
Boy/Male
Swedish
gift from God'.
Girl/Female
Indian
Consort of Lord Vishnu, Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Happiness
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Clouds at Night
Male
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic form of Greek Ioseph (Latin Josephus), IÃ’SEPH means "(God) shall add (another son)."Â
Girl/Female
Italian
consecrated to God.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Hundred
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Lovely; Pretty
INFITAH
INFITAH
INFITAH
INFITAH
INFITAH