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Use of approximation algorithms in voting
Implicit utilitarian voting is a voting system[example needed] in which agents are assumed to have utilities for each alternative, but they express their
Implicit_utilitarian_voting
Single-winner rated voting system
Score voting, sometimes called range voting, is an electoral system for single-seat elections. Voters give each candidate a numerical score, and the candidate
Score_voting
Decision rule of maximizing utility
relative-utilitarian rule by letting voters explicitly express their utilities to each alternative on a common normalized scale. Implicit utilitarian voting tries
Utilitarian_rule
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
interpersonal comparisons of utility." Similar observations have led to implicit utilitarian voting approaches, which attempt to make the assumptions of ranked procedures
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
Vote supporting only a single candidate
single-shot, or plump voting is when a voter supports only a single candidate, typically to show strong support for a single favorite. Every voting method that
Bullet_voting
The various input formats can be compared based in terms of implicit utilitarian voting – how much each input-format is useful in maximizing the sum
Participatory budgeting ballot types
Participatory_budgeting_ballot_types
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
inclusive voting procedures Election districts voting improves PR with overlapping districts elections for first-past-the-post, alternative-vote, and
Proportional_representation
Agreement by all people in a situation
assumed explicitly after a unanimous vote or implicitly by a lack of objections. Practice varies as to whether a vote can be considered unanimous if some
Unanimity
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
the original on 2022-09-14. then the vote shall be performed using either a Condorcet voting system or a score voting system, as the participants shall decide
Condorcet_method
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
Ordinal (or ranked voting) functions only use ordinal information; i.e., whether one choice is better than another. Cardinal (or rated voting) functions also
Social_welfare_function
Nonpartisan blanket primary
contrast, some municipal elections use instant-runoff voting (IRV) with a single round of voting, remove the primary to save money and give voters more
Top-four_primary
Standard example in game theory
This creates the interesting possibility that the moral action from a utilitarian perspective (i.e., aiming at maximizing the good of an action) may require
Prisoner's_dilemma
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
confiscation of all food stuffs from certain households, which Stalin implicitly approved of through a telegram he sent on 1 January 1933 to the Ukrainian
Holodomor
Type of mixed electoral system
supplementary member (SM) system (a form of parallel voting), whereby representatives are voted into a chamber using at least two different systems independently
Mixed-member majoritarian representation
Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation
First Constitution of Spain
Iberian Atlantic World (1812): 19–41. Harris, Jonathan, "An English utilitarian looks at Spanish American independence: Jeremy Bentham's Rid Yourselves
Spanish_Constitution_of_1812
loyalty to clients and employees is at odds with Duck's pragmatic and utilitarian approach to business. Duck also continues to struggle to stay sober,
List_of_Mad_Men_characters
execution and sufficient data implementation this method can perpetuate implicit bias and racial profiling. Criticisms of predictive policing often focus
Predictive policing in the United States
Predictive_policing_in_the_United_States
Scientific study of human society and relationships
rationality is bounded by the context or organizational setting. The utilitarian perspective in sociology was, most notably, revitalized in the late 20th
Sociology
Anglo-Irish politician and philosopher (1729–1797)
instructions; mandates issued, which the member is bound blindly and implicitly to obey, to vote, and to argue for, though contrary to the clearest conviction
Edmund_Burke
Racist foundations of Nazism
forbidden; citizenship was not the determining factor. These confused and utilitarian discussions about the meaning of blood and race at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Nazi_racial_theories
Fictional universe created by Iain M. Banks
sentient) computers capable of fitting into tiny insect-like drones. Some utilitarian devices (such as spacesuits) are also provided with artificial sentience
The_Culture
Person who works in the sex industry
such as stress reduction, self-esteem boost, emotional expression, or utilitarian reasons, there were no significant differences in frequency of engagement
Sex_worker
Principles of ethics and of good practice in journalism
Schafer, Slate, April 17, 2007 Duffy, Matt J. (2011). "Unnamed Sources: A Utilitarian Ex... preview & related info". Journal of Mass Media Ethics: Exploring
Journalism ethics and standards
Journalism_ethics_and_standards
Rule for proportional allocation
worth of votes. This is often addressed by modifying the first divisor to be slightly larger (often a value of 0.7 or 1), which creates an implicit threshold
Highest_averages_method
Genocide campaign in the Ottoman Empire
and to argue that the massacres qualify as a genocide and, also, to implicitly criticize those who do not agree with this perspective. Totten, Samuel;
Greek_genocide
philosophical and political groups, including Roman Catholics, Baptists, Utilitarians, and abolitionists. Others represented included James Mill and the Congregationalist
History of University College London
History_of_University_College_London
Debate on circumstances permitting abortion of fetus
possess a right to life. In doing so, the term shapes public discourse by implicitly framing abortion access as presumptively justified. Appeals are often
Abortion_debate
Study of the foundations of politics
189, 191 Sankowski 2005, pp. 732–733 Laslett & Cummings 2006, § The Utilitarian Tradition Jennings 2011, pp. 331, 337–341 Hirschmann 2011, p. 742 Moseley
Political_philosophy
Decorated Anglo-Saxon helmet
designed for use rather than display; the latter was almost entirely utilitarian, while the former, "a sparsely decorated 'fighting helmet,'" contained
Sutton_Hoo_helmet
English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903)
continues to evolve to a higher level of development. Spencer adopted a utilitarian standard of ultimate value – the greatest happiness of the greatest number
Herbert_Spencer
Islamic law
which played a limited role in classical fiqh, but were now given wider utilitarian applications. Changes in administrative law that grant the courts discretionary
Sharia
Thomas Hobbes, one of his major contributions to world thought was the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides, in
History_of_Scotland
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. With the explicit and implicit approval of parts of the Japanese government, the Japanese military, police
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
Political system in which capital is assigned on the basis of competence
meritocracy can refer to any form of evaluation based on achievement. Like "utilitarian" and "pragmatic", the word "meritocratic" has also developed a broader
Meritocracy
ursine, Ursus ut-, us- use Latin uti, usus abuse, disuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility uv- grape Latin uva uvea, uvula uxor- wife Latin uxor uxoricide
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
History of the development of microeconomics as a study
into the account of the tendency of such act or such event." A list of utilitarians also includes James Mill, Stuart Mill and William Paley. Daniel Bernoulli
History_of_microeconomics
Philosophical discourse in women
exists a gender imbalance in academic philosophy. This can be attributed to implicit biases against women. Women have had to overcome workplace obstacles like
Women_in_philosophy
Issues of the political philosophy
non-voting as a political tactic; following 19th-century individualist anarchists like Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker, they consider voting an immoral
Debates_within_libertarianism
Moral philosophy or values of an individual
relationships, assist humans to follow The Way (Tao) a mode of life reflecting the implicit human capacity for goodness and harmony. Conscience also features prominently
Conscience
Nigerians of Lebanese origin
within the focus of Nigerian society and governance on indigeneity and, implicitly, race. Kaj compared the situation to dynamics documented by Mahmood Mamdani
Lebanese_Nigerians
Organisation promoting the Irish language and related rights
Although a gaeilgeoir, Daniel O'Connell had declared himself "sufficiently utilitarian not to regret [the] gradual abandonment" of the language. For the Emancipator's
Conradh_na_Gaeilge
Circa 2006 polls find that the views and voting habits of between 10 and 20 percent (increasing) of voting age Americans may be classified as "fiscally
Libertarianism in the United States
Libertarianism_in_the_United_States
Quality of being agreeable to reason
implies looking out for one's own happiness. This contrasts with the utilitarian point of view, which states that rationality entails trying to contribute
Rationality
American conceptual artist
immediately effective as voting or doing community work, and I don't think art always can or should be pragmatic and utilitarian. At times, however, art
Jenny_Holzer
Socioeconomic philosophy
economists point) but also a lowering of total global income (a straight-out utilitarian bad)." Jack Rasmus, author of The War At Home and The Trillion Dollar
Economic_democracy
Group of people to render a verdict in a court
Unlike in other major institutions that run on a more bureaucratic utilitarian logic, the jury checks this way of thinking by bringing common-sense
Jury
Irish journalist (1801–1876)
language (something for which O'Connell had declared himself "sufficiently utilitarian" to have no interest). At odds with the unionist but Tory proprietors
James MacKnight (agrarian reformer)
James_MacKnight_(agrarian_reformer)
Thomas Hobbes, one of his major contributions to world thought was the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides, in
Scotland_in_the_modern_era
American economist (1926–1995)
natural law reasoning. In defense of his free-market views, Mises employed utilitarian economic arguments to contend that interventionist policies worsened
Murray_Rothbard
2016 proposed trade agreement
that participatory members of the TPP believe that such membership is a utilitarian and practical method toward new trade liberalization. Scholars Peter
Trans-Pacific_Partnership
Liberalism combined with elements of nationalism
National Unity, New Hope, and Derekh Eretz) that have either explicitly or implicitly supported a two-state solution, albeit not necessarily based upon the
National_liberalism
Irish political leader (1775–1847)
the 1820s, he was still regarded by some as an "English rationalist utilitarian", a "Benthamite". For a time Jeremy Bentham and O'Connell did become
Daniel_O'Connell
Ecological economist
discussion over discount rates is exposed as obscuring the presence of implicit value judgements while claiming objectivity. This approach's fallacious
Clive_Spash
public policy debates". Critics of the amendment reject the idea that "Utilitarians, Nihilists, Capitalists, and Socialists can all bring their philosophy
Irreligion_in_Mexico
argue against the teaching of academic subjects and in favor of more utilitarian concerns of "home, shop, store, citizenship, and health," presuming that
Mathematics education in the United States
Mathematics_education_in_the_United_States
Minimum age of a child committed crime
August 2020. Roberts, Caton F., Stephen L. Golding, and Frank D. Fincham. "Implicit theories of criminal responsibility: Decision making and the insanity defense
Age of criminal responsibility
Age_of_criminal_responsibility
Moldavian political scientist and culture critic (1837–1919)
Stoica Lascu, the Romanian press was unwilling to accept a "pragmatic, utilitarian, unemotional" perspective on Macedonia. Democrația described the Conservative
Petre_P._Carp
Overview of the history of European law
argue that law was a product of human evolution that developed in a utilitarian fashion. According to this theory, the aim was to ensure the peaceful
Contemporary_European_law
Civil demonstrations against high bills
due to the lacking political leadership in their ranks. Also, from a utilitarian standpoint, a very limited number of the protester demands are believed
2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet
2013_Bulgarian_protests_against_the_first_Borisov_cabinet
unthinkable for a Jew to hold such a prestigious position, hence the utilitarian conversion to the state religion. "It is particularly poor salesmanship
List of Jewish atheists and agnostics
List_of_Jewish_atheists_and_agnostics
Political and philosophical views of a German soldier and writer
a will, so long as the aesthetic and instinctual rather than merely utilitarian dimensions of technology were grasped. Heidegger later described Jünger
Philosophy_of_Ernst_Jünger
Historic site in Queensland, Australia
fencing and a stand of palm trees. The setting to Caledonian Hill is more utilitarian with a wide paved footpath abutting the building at the boundary line
Gympie_Town_Hall
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
Girl/Female
Indian
Simplicity and purity
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victory of Simplicity
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
More Polite; Simplicity
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for Simplicity
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Virtuous Woman; Simplicity
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hitansi | ஹிதாஂஸீ
Simplicity and purity
Hitansi | ஹிதாஂஸீ
Girl/Female
Indian
Simplicity and purity
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hitanshi | ஹிதாஂஷீÂ
Simplicity and purity
Hitanshi | ஹிதாஂஷீÂ
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
One with Simplicity; Special Person of All Beings
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English Englisc. The word had originally distinguished Angles (see Engel) from Saxons and other Germanic peoples in the British Isles, but by the time surnames were being acquired it no longer had this meaning. Its frequency as an English surname is somewhat surprising. It may have been commonly used in the early Middle Ages as a distinguishing epithet for an Anglo-Saxon in areas where the culture was not predominantly English--for example the Danelaw area, Scotland, and parts of Wales--or as a distinguishing name after 1066 for a non-Norman in the regions of most intensive Norman settlement. However, explicit evidence for these assumptions is lacking, and at the present day the surname is fairly evenly distributed throughout the country.Irish : see Golightly.
Girl/Female
Greek Latin Spanish
Pastoral simplicity and happiness.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Goddess Laxmi; Prosperity; Simplicity; Lovable; Affectionate; Wealthy; Fortunate
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
Boy/Male
Tamil
Life giving, Air circulating in the body
Girl/Female
Indian
Green
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : variant of Krom.English : possibly a variant of Croom.
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Honest Person
Boy/Male
British, English
From the People's Estate
Boy/Male
Sikh
Melancholy, A variant of the older name deirdre in celtic legend deirdre died of a broken heart, Vision
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish
Vigilant; Watchful
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek
Sweet-spoken
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kirisanth | கீரீஸஂத
Affection, Love
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Star of the Faith
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
IMPLICIT UTILITARIAN-VOTING
n.
One who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism.
n.
The quality or state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as, the simplicity of a machine.
a.
Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated; plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as, an explicit declaration.
a.
Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken; -- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and explicit in his statement.
adv.
In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence.
a.
Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure.
a.
Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement.
n.
Simplicity.
a.
Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved.
adv.
By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is implicitly to deny his existence.
a.
Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit confidence; implicit obedience.
n.
Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious style, or luxury; plainness; as, simplicity of dress, of style, or of language; simplicity of diet; simplicity of life.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Implicate
n.
Simplicity; silliness.
a.
Of or pertaining to utilitarianism; supporting utilitarianism; as, the utilitarian view of morality; the Utilitarian Society.
a.
Illicit.
n.
The quality or state of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded; as, the simplicity of metals or of earths.
n.
State or quality of being implicit.
n.
Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the simplicity of a doctrine; the simplicity of an explanation or a demonstration.
a.
Of or pertaining to utility; consisting in utility; /iming at utility as distinguished from beauty, ornament, etc.; sometimes, reproachfully, evincing, or characterized by, a regard for utility of a lower kind, or marked by a sordid spirit; as, utilitarian narrowness; a utilitarian indifference to art.