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IKELAN

Ikelan

Former slave caste of Tuaregs

The Ikelan (Éklan/Ikelan or Ibenheren in Tamasheq; Bouzou in Hausa; Bella in Songhai; singular Akli) are members within Tuareg society. The Ikelan's situation

Ikelan

Tuareg people

Berber ethnic group of the Sahara desert

from other castes. The Ikelan's Nilotic extraction is denoted via the Ahaggar Berber word Ibenheren (sing. Ébenher). The word ikelan is the plural form of

Tuareg people

Tuareg_people

Timbuktu

City in Tombouctou Region, Mali

80% dominance of the Koyra Chiini language. With Tamashek spoken by both Ikelan and ethnic Tuaregs, its use declined with the expulsion of many Tuaregs

Timbuktu

Black people

Racialized classification of people

travel, at least seasonally, if able. Lower caste groups, not limited to the Ikelan, are more likely to live in settled communities, either in Sahara oasis

Black people

Black_people

Fula people

Ethnic group in the Sahel and West Africa

Rimmayɓe, Dimaajo, and less often Ɓaleeɓe, the Fulani equivalent of the Tuareg Ikelan known as Bouzou (Buzu) or Bella in the Hausa and Songhay languages respectively

Fula people

Fula_people

Kel Ayr

tribes to include, and whether to include the sedentary population (the Ikelan/Bella) whom the Tuareg groups ruled until at least independence. To the

Kel Ayr

Kel_Ayr

Aïr Mountains

Mountain range in northern Niger

populations were either dependents of higher caste Tuareg pastoralists or the Ikelan (Bouzou in Hausa / Bella in Songhai), Tuareg slaves. These peoples were

Aïr Mountains

Aïr_Mountains

Haratin

Ethnic group in Africa

In the late 19th century, they formed 40% of the population in Touat. Ikelan Gnawa El Hamel 2014, pp. 110–113 Sabine, Partouche. "L'Encyclopédie berbère"

Haratin

Aouderas

Place in Agadez Region, Niger

the small sedentary population is today made up of several hundred mostly Ikelan (or Bouzou in Hausa / Bella in Songhai), former slaves and captives of the

Aouderas

Malian Union for Democracy and Development

party in the Ménaka Cercle area of Mali. It was seen as a party of the Ikelan, although many supporters were from the Imghad population. UMADD was established

Malian Union for Democracy and Development

Malian_Union_for_Democracy_and_Development

Bouzou

Surname list

French economist and essayist Bouzou, Central African Republic, village Ikelan, Tuareg caste This page lists people with the surname Bouzou. If an internal

Bouzou

Zermou

Commune in Zinder Region, Niger

in his sultanate. He made land available to their enslaved farmers, the Ikelan, near the villages of Zermou, Baban Tapki, Dogo, Droum and Gouna. At the

Zermou

Caste systems in Africa

Forms of social stratification found in various African ethnic groups

behavior, marriageability, inheritance rights if any, and occupation. The Ikelan later became a bonded caste within Tuareg society. According to Heath, the

Caste systems in Africa

Caste_systems_in_Africa

Battle of Anefis (June 2013)

2013 battle of the Mali War

The Malian government accused the MNLA of targeting Songhai, Fulani, and Ikelan minorities, all black groups in the region. Witnesses stated that black

Battle of Anefis (June 2013)

Battle_of_Anefis_(June_2013)

Human rights in Mali

discrimination continues against Tuareg servile caste members (éklan / Ikelan in Tamasheq, Bouzou in Hausa, Bella in Songhai). Often these castes formed

Human rights in Mali

Human_rights_in_Mali