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Extinct order of large marine reptiles
an order of large extinct marine reptiles sometimes referred to as "ichthyosaurs", although the term is also used for wider clades in which the order
Ichthyosauria
Topics referred to by the same term
Ichthyosaurs are extinct marine reptiles. This term can be used as a common name for the members of the following groups: Ichthyosauria Ichthyosaurus,
Ichthyosaur
names, and genera that are no longer considered ichthyopterygian. Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygians shall be noted as such. This list contains 123 genera
List of ichthyosauromorph genera
List_of_ichthyosauromorph_genera
This timeline of ichthyosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the ichthyosauromorphs, a group of
Timeline of ichthyosaur research
Timeline_of_ichthyosaur_research
British fossil collector and palaeontologist (1799–1847)
to the sea. Her discoveries included the first correctly identified ichthyosaur skeleton when she was twelve years old; the first two nearly complete
Mary_Anning
Genus of giant ichthyosaurs
Ichthyotitan (/ˌɪkθiəˈtaɪtən/ IK-thee-ə-TY-tən) is an extinct genus of giant ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic (Rhaetian), known from the Westbury Mudstone Formation
Ichthyotitan
Extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from England and Germany
Acamptonectes is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs, a type of dolphin-like marine reptiles, that lived during the Early Cretaceous around 130 million
Acamptonectes
Extinct genus of reptiles
ὀφθάλμος ophthalmos 'eye' and σαῦρος sauros 'lizard') is a genus of ichthyosaur known from the Middle-Late Jurassic. Possible remains from the earliest
Ophthalmosaurus
Genus of extinct marine reptile, type genus of Ichthyosauria
'fish' and σαῦρος (sauros) meaning 'lizard') is an extinct genus of ichthyosaurs from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Pliensbachian) of Europe (Belgium
Ichthyosaurus
Extinct genus of ichthyosaur reptile
Shastasaurus ("Mount Shasta lizard") is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic. Specimens have been found in the United States, Canada
Shastasaurus
State park in Nevada, United States
Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park is a public recreation area and historic preserve that protects undisturbed ichthyosaur fossils and the ghost town of Berlin
Berlin–Ichthyosaur_State_Park
Extinct genus of reptiles
Temnodontosaurus (meaning "cutting-tooth lizard") is an extinct genus of large ichthyosaurs that lived during the Lower Jurassic in what is now Europe and possibly
Temnodontosaurus
Extinct family of reptiles
family of ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic with a possible Early Jurassic record. The family contains the largest known species of ichthyosaurs, which
Shastasauridae
Extinct genus of reptiles
extinct genus of Middle Triassic (Anisian to Ladinian, about 250-240 Mya) ichthyosaur. Its fossils have been found near the Italy–Switzerland border and in
Mixosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from western Russia, Svalbard, and Poland. It was a large ichthyosaur, with the type species measuring
Undorosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Cymbospondylus (meaning "cupped vertebrae") is an extinct genus of large ichthyosaurs, of which it is among the oldest representatives, that lived from the
Cymbospondylus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Shonisaurus is a genus of very large ichthyosaurs. At least 37 incomplete fossil specimens of the type species, Shonisaurus popularis, have been found
Shonisaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Platypterygius is a historically paraphyletic genus of platypterygiine ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous period. It was historically used as a wastebasket
Platypterygius
Thick layer of animal body fat
sirenians, and polar bears. It was present in many marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Lipid-rich, collagen fiber-laced blubber comprises the
Blubber
Extinct family of reptiles
thunnosaur ichthyosaurs from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous (Bajocian - Cenomanian) worldwide. Almost all ichthyosaurs from the Middle
Ophthalmosauridae
Reservoir in Rutland, England
bream, pike, zander, perch, eel, wels catfish and carp. In early 2021 an ichthyosaur fossil was discovered during the routine draining of a lagoon at the
Rutland_Water
Clade of marine reptiles
S2CID 90912678. Maisch, Michael W. (2025-05-29). "Ichthyosaur ancestors – the case against a diapsid origin of ichthyosaurs revisited". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie
Ichthyosauromorpha
Beaver Dam Berlin-Ichthyosaur Big Bend Cathedral Gorge Cave Lake Dayton Echo Canyon Elgin Schoolhouse Fort Churchill Ice Age Fossils Kershaw–Ryan Lahontan
List_of_Nevada_state_parks
Extinct genus of reptiles
Toretocnemus (meaning 'perforated tibia') is an extinct genus of ichthyosaurs that lived during the Carnian stage of the Upper Triassic in what is now
Toretocnemus
Dinosaurs and other Mesozoic reptiles that lived in what is now New Zealand
1093/zoolinnean/zlaa173. Fleming, C.A.; Gregg, D.R.; Welles, S.P. (1971). "New Zealand Ichthyosaurs—a summary, including new records from the Cretaceous". New Zealand Journal
List of dinosaurs and other Mesozoic reptiles of New Zealand
List_of_dinosaurs_and_other_Mesozoic_reptiles_of_New_Zealand
Extinct genus of reptiles
bones of choristoderes. Dinosaurs portal Rachitrema List of ichthyosaurs Timeline of ichthyosaur research Sauvage, H. (1883). "Recherches sur les reptiles
Actiosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Phalarodon is an extinct genus of mixosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Middle Triassic (247.2-242.0 million years ago). Its name is derived from the
Phalarodon
Genus of ichthyosaurs
complete skull and skeleton. This specimen represents the most complete ichthyosaur known from the Pliensbachian age. Xiphodracon is a close relative of
Xiphodracon
Extinct genus of reptiles
Canada. Utatsusaurus is one of the most primitive grades of ichthyosaurs, a basal ichthyosaur. Utatsusaurus was a relatively small ichthyopterygian, measuring
Utatsusaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Barracudasauroides is a genus of mixosaurid ichthyosaur which lived during the Middle Triassic. Fossils of this genus have been found in Guizhou Province
Barracudasauroides
Extinct order of reptiles
designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840 to designate the Jurassic ichthyosaurs that were known at the time, but the term is now used more often for
Ichthyopterygia
the dubious Clidastes liodontus. The "Cuers ichthyosaur" is an informal name given to the giant ichthyosaur specimens (MHNTV PAL-1-10/2012 and MHNTV PAL-2/2010)
List of informally named Mesozoic reptiles
List_of_informally_named_Mesozoic_reptiles
Fin on the dorsal of fish and cetaceans
mammals such as whales, and in extinct ancient marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs. Most have only one dorsal fin, but some have two or three. Wildlife
Dorsal_fin
Extinct genus of reptiles
Guanlingsaurus is an extinct genus of shastasaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic of China. It grew up to 8.3 metres (27 ft) in length and has a wide
Guanlingsaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Thalattoarchon is a genus of large, Middle Triassic predatory ichthyosaur from North America, containing the single species T. saurophagis. The taxon
Thalattoarchon
2025 film by Kim Byung-woo
refuses and throws Dok-ja off the bridge, where he's swallowed by an ichthyosaur. Inside, Dok-ja strikes a deal with Bi-hyeong to earn coins and uses
Omniscient Reader: The Prophecy
Omniscient_Reader:_The_Prophecy
Historic district in Nevada, United States
1911. The site was acquired by the state of Nevada as part of Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park in 1970. The town is on the western side of the Shoshone Range
Berlin Historic District (Berlin, Nevada)
Berlin_Historic_District_(Berlin,_Nevada)
Extinct genus of reptiles
Stenopterygius is an extinct genus of thunnosaur ichthyosaur known from Europe (England, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Switzerland). Stenopterygius
Stenopterygius
Triassic/Jurassic geological formation in the UK
the shallower waters supported ammonites, fish, and marine reptiles (ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs). Their remains were discovered in the Wilmcote Limestone
Blue_Lias
Triassic geologic unit
of some of the earliest marine reptiles, including several genera of ichthyosaurs and a pistosaur. Other fossils include bony fish, hybodont sharks, and
Fossil_Hill_Member
Aquatically secondarily adapted reptiles
became adapted to life in the seas, including such familiar clades as the ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs (these two orders were once thought united in the group
Marine_reptile
sufficiently similar to the type. Paleontology portal List of ichthyosaurs Timeline of ichthyosaur research Fischer, Valentin; Maisch, Michael W.; Naish, Darren;
List of ichthyosauromorph type specimens
List_of_ichthyosauromorph_type_specimens
Fossilized feces
1824 that "bezoar stones" were often found in the abdominal region of ichthyosaur skeletons found in the Lias formation at Lyme Regis. She also noted that
Coprolite
Extinct genus of reptiles
Himalayasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Qulonggongba Formation of Tibet. The type species Himalayasaurus tibetensis was
Himalayasaurus
ichthyosaur. It reached 15 m (49 ft) in length and 29.7 t (65,000 lb) in weight. Cymbospondylus youngorum is the largest Middle Triassic ichthyosaur,
List_of_largest_reptiles
Genus of Triassic ichthyosaur
(meaning 'reptile from Besano') is an extinct genus of Middle Triassic ichthyosaur from Monte San Giorgio of Italy and Switzerland, containing the single
Besanosaurus
Geological formation in England
includes turtles, thalattosuchians, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species. Kimmeridge Clay is named
Kimmeridge_Clay
Genus of ichthyosaurs
Gadusaurus (meaning "codfish lizard") is an extinct genus of baracromian ichthyosaurs from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian age) Água de Madeiros Formation of
Gadusaurus
Mythical sea monster
giant cephalopod resembling the legendary kraken caused the deaths of ichthyosaurs during the Triassic period. However, this theory has been met with criticisms
Kraken
Extinct genus of reptiles
ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of the UK and European Russia. It was a medium-sized ichthyosaur measuring about
Grendelius
Extinct genus of reptiles
Baptanodon is an ichthyosaur of the Late Jurassic period (160-156 million years ago), named for its supposed lack of teeth (although teeth of this genus
Baptanodon
coordinates) There are 6 National Natural Landmarks in Nevada. Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park Lunar Crater Ruby Marsh Valley of Fire Hot Creek Springs and
List of National Natural Landmarks in Nevada
List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_Nevada
Genus of leptonectid ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic period
meaning 'nose' and -saurus meaning 'lizard') is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian), ranging between 183 and 175 million
Eurhinosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
traits that are typical for the direct ancestors of ichthyosaurs. As a result, basal ichthyosaurs like Cymbospondylus and Mixosaurus are closer in build
Chaohusaurus
List of largest organisms on Earth
(2024). "The last giants: New evidence for giant Late Triassic (Rhaetian) ichthyosaurs from the UK". PLOS ONE. 19 (4) e0300289. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1900289L
Largest_organisms
canal on vertebral centra can be used to study developmental stage of ichthyosaur fetuses is presented by Miedema & Maxwell (2026). Miedema et al. (2026)
2026_in_reptile_paleontology
Extinct genus of reptiles
anatomy when compared to older ichthyosaurs and because Grippia is the most thoroughly studied out of all basal ichthyosaurs. Below is a cladogram which
Grippia
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
supposed shafts in ichthyosaur collagen were actually scratch marks, cracks, and crevasses created during preparation of one of the ichthyosaur specimens. On
Sinosauropteryx
Extinct genus of reptiles
Guizhouichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur which is known primarily from the Xiaowa Formation of the lower Carnian stage of the Late Triassic
Guizhouichthyosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Californosaurus ('California lizard') is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile, from the Lower Hosselkus Limestone (Carnian, Late
Californosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
wing/paddle″ in Greek) is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic of England. The type species was originally
Brachypterygius
Extinct genus of marine reptiles
variety of other animals, including invertebrates, fish, thalattosuchians, ichthyosaurs, and other plesiosaurs, which would undoubtedly have constituted prey
Pliosaurus
1854 sculpture series in Crystal Palace Park, London, United Kingdom
are from a wide range of geological ages, and include true dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and plesiosaurs mainly from the Mesozoic era, and some mammals from
Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs
American palaeontologist and zoologist (1893–1975)
Shonisaurus skeleton discoveries of the 1960s, in what is now the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. Camp served as the third director of the University of California
Charles_Lewis_Camp
Extinct genus of reptiles
Athabascasaurus is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from Alberta, Canada. Athabascasaurus is known from the holotype
Athabascasaurus
Genus of ichthyosaur
Fernatator (meaning "Fernie swimmer") is an extinct genus of parvipelvian ichthyosaur which lived in what is now British Columbia, Canada during the Pliensbachian
Fernatator
Genus of ichthyosaurs
indicate Eternauta had a different feeding strategy compared to other ichthyosaurs it coexisted with. The Eternauta holotype specimen, MLP-PV 85-I-15–1
Eternauta_patagonica
Geologic formation in Argentina
paleontological finds: the crocodylomorph Cricosaurus and possibly Geosaurus, the ichthyosaur Caypullisaurus, and the pterosaurs Herbstosaurus and Wenupteryx. The
Vaca_Muerta
English geologist (1787–1857)
including important papers for the Geological Society of London on ichthyosaur anatomy and the first published scientific description of a plesiosaur
William_Conybeare_(geologist)
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
Other reptiles also diversified rapidly, with aquatic reptiles such as ichthyosaurs and sauropterygians proliferating in the seas. On land, the first true
Phanerozoic
Triassic geologic unit in southern China
placodont Guizhouichthyosaurus G. sp. A large predatory merriamosaurian ichthyosaur Keichousaurus K. hui A keichousaurid pachypleurosaur Lariosaurus L. xingyiensis
Zhuganpo_Formation
Jurassic rock formation in southeast England
lived in the Oxford Clay Sea include plesiosaurs, marine crocodiles, ichthyosaurs, cephalopods (such as belemnites), bivalves (such as Gryphaea), and a
Oxford_Clay
Extinct order of reptiles
Hupehsuchia is an order of diapsid reptiles closely related to ichthyosaurs. The group was short-lasting, with a temporal range restricted to the late
Hupehsuchia
Extinct genus of reptiles
is best known for its highly specialized dentition compared to other ichthyosaurs. The teeth are button-like, with a dome shape when viewed laterally and
Omphalosaurus
State highway in Nevada, United States
covering part of the connection between State Route 361 and Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. SR 844 was formerly known as State Route 91, which extended
Nevada_State_Route_844
List of animals
List of fish common names List of amphibians List of reptiles List of ichthyosaur genera List of pterosaur genera List of plesiosaur genera List of dinosaur
Lists_of_animals
Thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure
stability and refine their maneuvering. The fins on the tails of cetaceans, ichthyosaurs, metriorhynchids, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs are called flukes. Foil shaped
Fin
Geologic formation in Cuba
Ichthyosauria indet. Laguna de Piedra Jagua Vieja Mb. An indeterminate ichthyosaur, initially described as "Ichthyosaurus torrey" Ophthalmosauridae Indet
Jagua_Formation
Capital and most populous city of Russia
paleontologist Hermann Trautschold discovered the left flipper of an ichthyosaur near the village of Mnevniki, which later became part of Moscow. In 2014
Moscow
First epoch of the Jurassic Period
the marine reptiles. The Hettangian saw the already existing Rhaetian ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs continuing to flourish, while at the same time a number
Early_Jurassic
Clade of reptiles
the body. Other prehistoric animals, including pterosaurs, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and Dimetrodon, while often popularly conceived of as dinosaurs
Dinosaur
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
Elasmosauridae and Polycotylidae, became extinct during the event. The ichthyosaurs had disappeared from fossil record tens of millions of years prior to
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
1830 painting by Henry De la Beche
regions of ichthyosaur skeletons, and that they often contained fossilized fish scales and bones (and sometimes the bones of small ichthyosaurs), which led
Duria_Antiquior
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
are usually not considered fish. Some tetrapods, such as cetaceans and ichthyosaurs, have secondarily acquired a fish-like body shape through convergent
Fish
National History Museum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
of Arabia. Large exhibits include the skeleton of a Platybelodon and Ichthyosaur. The gallery concludes with stone age man. Arabian Kingdoms This gallery
National Museum of Saudi Arabia
National_Museum_of_Saudi_Arabia
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
crustaceans all had recovered, and new aquatic reptiles evolved, such as ichthyosaurs and nothosaurs. On land, pine forests flourished, as did groups of insects
Mesozoic
Geological formation in California, United States
Marine Reptiles; Triassic Ichthyosaurs; Shastasauria," in Hilton (2003) p. 88. "4: The Marine Reptiles; Triassic Ichthyosaurs; Shastasauria," in Hilton
Hosselkus_Limestone
Extinct genus of reptiles
Phantomosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur that lived during the late Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. Fossils have been found in southern
Phantomosaurus
Extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur
Myobradypterygius is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Hauterivian) of Argentina and possibly also
Myobradypterygius
Mountain range in west central Nevada, US
small community of Ione lies to the west of the range, and the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park is situated in the west margin of the range adjacent to Ione
Shoshone_Mountains
State Historic Park Archived 2012-02-15 at the Wayback Machine "Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Historic Park | State Parks". parks.nv.gov. Retrieved April 1,
List_of_ghost_towns_in_Nevada
Group of extinct reptiles
one. In ichthyosaurs, the squamosal bone is never part of the fenestra's margin. Parapsida was originally a taxon consisting of ichthyosaurs, squamates
Euryapsida
Season of television series
explores the prehistoric marine reptiles. Animals ichthyosaurs Triassic ichthyosaur Jurassic ichthyosaur Bottlenose dolphin plesiosaurs thaumatosaur Elasmosaurus
Paleoworld_season_1
Bony structures in the dermis
aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities). Osteoderms are uncommon in mammals, although they have occurred
Osteoderm
Fossil-bearing formation in Germany
PMC 5717629. PMID 29291055. Bardet, N.; Fernandez, M. (May 2000). "A New Ichthyosaur From the Upper Jurassic Lithographic Limestones of Bavaria". Journal
Paleobiota of the Solnhofen Limestone
Paleobiota_of_the_Solnhofen_Limestone
Pliosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous period of Australia
preserved mandibular symphysis, which was first thought to come from an ichthyosaur according to Charles De Vis. However, it was in 1924 that Albert Heber
Kronosaurus
Extinct genus of reptiles
(2023-04-18). "Heads or tails first? Evolution of fetal orientation in ichthyosaurs, with a scrutiny of the prevailing hypothesis". BMC Ecology and Evolution
Keichousaurus
Third epoch of the Jurassic Period
sauropod dinosaurs ever known Ophthalmosaurus A very common sea-going ichthyosaur Europe and North America Ornitholestes A small theropod North America
Late_Jurassic
Jurassic geological formation in Chile
brachiopods, molluscs (ammonites, bivalves, gastropods), and marine reptiles (ichthyosaurs). The formation is named after Quebrada Tres Cruces, whhich is an important
Tres_Cruces_Formation
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study
1880_in_paleontology
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lamp - removes dark ness
Male
Celtic
, sacred.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Manikant | மணிகாஂத
The blue jewel, Shining brightly
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hyslop.
Girl/Female
Indian
A daughter (Daughter of Aja)
Girl/Female
Indian
Her Highness
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Glowing; Modern Variant of Candace; Ancient Hereditary Title Used by Ethiopian Queens; Fire White
Boy/Male
Hindu
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Lorena, LAURENA means "of Laurentum."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ekavira | à®à®•à®¾à®µà®¿à®°à®¾
Lord Shivas daughter
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
ICHTHYOSAUR
n. pl.
An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders.
pl.
of Ichthyosaurus
a.
Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria.
n.
One of the Ichthyosauria.
n. pl.
See Ichthyosauria.
n.
An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebrae, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, Oolitic, and Cretaceous formations.
n. pl.
An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period.
n.
One of the Ichthyosaura.