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Mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. "I before E, except after C" is a mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling. If one is unsure
I_before_E_except_after_C
Topics referred to by the same term
"I before E except after C" is a mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling. I before E except after C may also refer to: "I Before E Except After C"
I before E except after C (disambiguation)
I_before_E_except_after_C_(disambiguation)
1982 studio album by Yazoo
compositions "I Before E Except After C" and "In My Room" explore the use of cut-up vocals, including his own spoken word voice. "I Before E Except After C" features
Upstairs_at_Eric's
before "i". This can be remembered by the following mnemonic, I before E, except after C But this is not always obeyed as in case of weird and weigh, weight
List_of_mnemonics
Study of graphemes and writing systems
correct "I before E except after C". However, there are exceptions; for example, Edward Carney in his book A Survey of English Spelling refers to the "I before
Grapholinguistics
Pronunciation of "C" in Latin-based orthographies
hard c, but it was pronounced [x], as in Schecowitz, Tocowitz, and Crudim.[clarification needed] C English orthography I before E except after C Hard
Hard_and_soft_C
Topics referred to by the same term
Japanese family system Ie, a shirt in traditional Romanian dress "i before e except after c", a spelling guideline of the English language Indo-European (disambiguation)
Ie
Norms for writing the English language
irregularities of English spelling Conventions English plural I before E except after C Three letter rule Variant spelling American and British English
English_orthography
2012 compilation album by Yazoo
Eric's and You and Me Both in entirety (with the exception of "I Before E Except After C" and "In My Room" from the former and “And On” from the latter)
The_Collection_(Yazoo_album)
Common occurrence of "e" as a silent letter in English, like in "like"
Retrieved 2019-11-30. I before E except after C Silent letter Albanian language § Sounds, the Gheg dialect of Albanian also uses "silent e" to mark long vowels
Silent_e
Non-standard spelling for effect
reform Typographical error Typosquatting Rozakis, Laurie E. (2008). I Before "E" Except After "C": Spelling for the Alphabetically Challenged. Citadel Press
Sensational_spelling
Study in linguistics
Examples include: Describing the "correct way" of using language ("I before E except after C."), Specifying under which conditions a specific kind of communication
Metapragmatics
Occult language
pronouns: oi 'this', unal 'these, those', priaz(i) 'those'. Word order closely follows English, except for the dearth of articles and prepositions. Adjectives
Enochian
Third letter of the Latin alphabet
the mid-1950s. ⟨C⟩ with diacritics: Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Č č Ċ ċ Ḉ ḉ Ƈ ƈ C̈ c̈ Ȼ ȼ Ç ç Ꞔ ꞔ Ꞓ ꞓ ⟨Ↄ⟩ ⟨ↄ⟩ : Claudian letters © : copyright symbol °C : degree Celsius
C
Seventh letter of the Latin alphabet
voiced palato-alveolar affricate (/d͡ʒ/ or "soft" ⟨g⟩), predominates before ⟨i⟩, ⟨e⟩ or ⟨y⟩, as in giant, ginger, and geology; or a voiced palato-alveolar
G
Latin script for the Vietnamese language
or ⟨e⟩ except after ⟨q⟩ ⟨o⟩ following ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ ⟨u⟩ in all other cases; /ăw/ is written as ⟨au⟩ instead of *⟨ăw⟩ (cf. ⟨ao⟩ /aw/), and that /i/ is written
Vietnamese_alphabet
Extinct East Germanic language
consonants /h/, /hʷ/, /r/ while /i/ occurs everywhere else (nevertheless, there are a few exceptions such as /i/ before /r/ in hiri, /ɛ/ consistently in the reduplicating
Gothic_language
Icelandic alphabet and spelling
Icelandic alphabet lacks C, Q, W, and Z, but additionally has Ð, Þ, Æ, and Ö. Six letters have forms with acute accents to produce Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú and Ý. The letters
Icelandic_orthography
1997 studio album by Incubus
S.C.I.E.N.C.E. is the second studio album by American rock band Incubus. It was released on September 9, 1997, by Epic and Immortal Records. The album
S.C.I.E.N.C.E.
vein, /i/ as in seize, /aɪ/ as in heist, /ɛ/ as in heifer, /æ/ as in enceinte, and /ɪ/ or /ə/ as in forfeit. See also I before e except after c. In southern
List_of_Latin-script_digraphs
Reconstructed ancestor of the Albanian languages
ancestral reconstructed language of Albanian, before the Gheg–Tosk dialectal diversification (before c. 600 CE). Albanoid and other Paleo-Balkan languages
Proto-Albanian_language
That for the letter "C" the rule "SC" has priority over the rule "CH" was taken into account by the addition of "except after S, Z" in line 10 of the
Cologne_phonetics
Romance language of northern Aragon, Spain
This includes before a palatal approximant, e.g. octō > ueito ('eight', Sp. ocho, Cat. vuit, Pt. oito). Spanish diphthongizes except before yod, whereas
Aragonese_language
in 2015 and has since published 11 more books into the series, I Before E (Except after C) written by Judy Parkinson, which was a Sunday Times top-ten title
Michael_O'Mara_Books
1977 studio album by Brian Eno
Before and After Science is the fifth solo studio album by English musician Brian Eno, originally released by Polydor Records in December 1977 in the United
Before_and_After_Science
System for writing in Spanish
⟨ñ⟩ appears in dictionaries after ⟨n⟩. From most to least frequent, letters used in Spanish texts are: ⟨E A O S R N I D L C T U M P B G V Y Q H F Z J Ñ
Spanish_orthography
(e.g. exsanguis). In Old Latin inscriptions, /k/ and /ɡ/ were not distinguished. They were both represented by ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩, by ⟨q⟩ before ⟨o⟩
Latin phonology and orthography
Latin_phonology_and_orthography
Latin alphabet of the Swedish language
"German ⟨y⟩". For foreign names, ⟨ç, ë, í, õ⟩ and many others might be used, but are usually converted to ⟨c, e, i, o⟩, etc. The letters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ø⟩,
Swedish_alphabet
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M–Z (next page) See also References Ajak (portrayed by Salma Hayek) is the wise and spiritual leader of the Eternals
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: A–L
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_A–L
Sounds and pronunciation of the Russian language
unstressed /i/ and /e/ have merged to /i/ (Russian: и́канье, romanized: íkan'je); and all four unstressed vowels have merged after soft consonants, except in the
Russian_phonology
Alphabet and spelling
⟨c⟩/⟨ç⟩: the letter ⟨s⟩ and the digraph ⟨ss⟩ correspond to Latin ⟨s⟩, ⟨as⟩, or ⟨ns⟩, and to Spanish ⟨s⟩. The graphemes ⟨c⟩ (before ⟨e, i⟩) and ⟨ç⟩ (before
Portuguese_orthography
Latin alphabet of the Hungarian language
is collated as <k><ö><ny><ny><ű>. tizennyolc of course as <t><i><z><e><n><ny><o><l><c>, as this is a compound: tizen+nyolc ('above ten' + 'eight' = 'eighteen')
Hungarian_alphabet
Varieties of Scots spoken since 1700
usual literary spelling of vowel 7 (except before /k/ and /x/, see eu). Also used for /u/ before /r/ in some areas e.g. fuird (ford). buird (board), buit
Modern_Scots
2008 box set by Yazoo (Yaz)
Connection" "I Before E Except After C" "Midnight" "In My Room" "Only You" "Goodbye '70s" "Tuesday" "Winter Kills" "Bring Your Love Down (Didn't I)" "Nobody's
In_Your_Room_(Yazoo_album)
Eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet
Greek also uses this letter for /k/. However, before the front vowels (/e, i/), this is rendered as [c], which can be considered a separate phoneme. The
K
Form of the Latin language used from the 14th century to present
having a front variant of the letter g before the vowels æ, e, i, œ, y and also pronouncing j in the same way (except in Italy). In the Eastern Latin family
Neo-Latin
Orthography used in writing the German language
the letter ⟨c⟩ pronounced (/k/) has been replaced by ⟨k⟩. Alternatively, German words which come from Latin words with ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e, i, y, ae, oe⟩ are
German_orthography
Spelling and punctuation of the French language
is usually written ⟨ou⟩; /k/ is usually written ⟨c⟩ anywhere but before ⟨e, i, y⟩, ⟨qu⟩ before ⟨e, i⟩, and sometimes ⟨que⟩ at the ends of words. However
French_orthography
Grammar of the Polish language
forms are byłem/byłam ("I was", masc/fem.), byłeś/byłaś, był/była/było; byliśmy/byłyśmy ("we were" all gender mixes (except:)/a group of all fem.), byliście/byłyście
Polish_grammar
Sounds used in an Iranian language
alphabet. We adopt the following one here. Vowels: a ā ə ə̄ e ē o ō å ą i ī u ū Consonants: k g γ x xʷ č ǰ t d δ θ t̰ p b β f ŋ ŋʷ ṇ ń n m y w r s z š ṣ̌ ž h
Avestan_phonology
2018 box set by Yazoo
Connection" "I Before E Except After C" "Midnight" "In My Room" Side B "Only You" "Goodbye '70s" "Tuesday" "Winter Kills" "Bring Your Love Down (Didn't I)" Side
Four_Pieces_(album)
Reconstructed proto-language
"law of palatals": *k *g *gʰ develop palatal allophones *č *ǰ *ǰʰ before the front vowels *i, *e. through an intermediate *kʲ *gʲ *gʲʰ. Brugmann's law:
Proto-Indo-Iranian_language
Uralic language spoken in Russia
same way, except for the defective verb вöвны 'to be'. Negation is mostly expressed by a conjugated negator preceding the stem, e. g. эг мун 'I didn't go'
Komi-Permyak_language
Italian noble family (10th–12th centuries)
before. before 924 Theophylact I until 924 Alberic I, (Consul) son-in-law of Theophylact I 924–954 Alberic II, son of Alberic I before 1013 Gregory I
Counts_of_Tusculum
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
Giving v is 5 before the call, it will be 7 after. void addTwo(int& i) { i += 2; } This function requires C++ – would not compile as C. It has the same
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
West Slavic language group
14th centuries. Later, h was mostly lost in Upper Sorbian, except before vowels and after consonants. In most dialects and in Upper Sorbian colloquial
Sorbian_languages
in C++. For the combination operators, a ⊚= b (where ⊚ represents an operation) is equivalent to a = a ⊚ b, except that a is evaluated only once. C++ defines
Operators_in_C_and_C++
Script of the Polish language
stroke (acute accent or bar) – kreska: ⟨ć, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź⟩; the overdot – kropka: ⟨ż⟩; and the tail or ogonek – ⟨ą, ę⟩. The letters ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, and ⟨x⟩, which
Polish_alphabet
Twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
word, it is always /ks/ (e.g. fax), except in loan words such as faux. When ⟨x⟩ does start a word, it is usually pronounced 'z' (e.g. xylophone, xanthan)
X
Spelling and punctuation of the Irish language
(palatalised) when beside ⟨e, é, i, í⟩. Irish orthography does not allow consonant letters or digraphs to be doubled (except in ⟨ll, nn, rr⟩); in compound
Irish_orthography
Kipchak Turkic language
is an allophone of [ŋ] in back vowel contexts. [c] and [ɟ] occur as allophones of [k] and [g] before [e], and both occur only in front vowel contexts.
Bashkir_language
Language of the Valencian Community
is the addition of -o- before certain sibilants and consonant groups (e.g., after -ç: feliç/feliços 'happy'/'happies'; after -s: mes/mesos 'month'/'months'
Valencian_language
US television program
mysterious website. Stars Michael Shunnarah. Tagline: "It's 'i' before 'e' except after 'c'." Aired 12 December 2008. 1.6. "Spin Cycle" – A tenant in her
Unknown_Sender
1985 single by John Parr
Songfacts in 2016, Parr recalled of the song, "I love wordplay. English grammar. I before E except after C. I thought of a fun twist on a lovers' relationship
Love_Grammar
Fictional language in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien
addition of -tha. An -i is also inserted between the stem and -tha, which again causes a and o to umlaut to e. Endings for all persons except for the first person
Sindarin
Writing conventions for the Danish language
deleted the silent ⟨e⟩ after vowels (faae>faa), abolished doubling of vowels to signify vowel length (Steen>Sten), replaced ⟨i⟩ by ⟨j⟩ after vowels (Vei>Vej)
Danish_orthography
Honorifics in the Korean language and culture
Korea—except in very intimate situations—use different honorifics depending on whether the other person's year of birth is before, the same, or after their
Korean_honorifics
Orthography of the Italian language
⟨gh⟩ (used for the hard ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ sounds before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩). The base alphabet consists of 21 letters: five vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and 16 consonants
Italian_orthography
Pseudohistorical list of Ethiopian monarchs from 4530 BCE to 1779 CE
dynasty" (548–c 1145), the "kings of Dongola" (i.e., Makuria) (c. 1145–1820), and the "kings of Sennar" (i.e., Funj Sultanate). However, the 1922 Ethiopian
1922_regnal_list_of_Ethiopia
Earth's most severe extinction event
suggests an 8 °C (14 °F) rise in temperature, and an increase in CO 2 levels to 2,500 ppm (for comparison, the concentration immediately before the Industrial
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
City-state in ancient Greece
politician Gylippus – general Helen – princess in the Trojan War Leonidas I (c. 520–480 BC) – king, commander at the Battle of Thermopylae Lycurgus (quasi-mythical
Sparta
Writing system of Modern Greek
[ɣ], and [x] are palatalized to [ɟ], [c], [ʝ] and [ç] respectively before the close and mid front vowels [i] and [e̞]. It is discussed among scholars whether
Greek_orthography
King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, King of England and Ireland from 1603
Lee, Maurice (1984). "James I and the Historians: Not a Bad King After All?" Albion 16 (2): 151–163. in JSTOR Montague, F. C. (1907). The History of England
James_VI_and_I
The recordings were made at Abbey Road Studio No. 3 on November 22, 1950 (except for No. 5, which was recorded on October 19 that year) and were released
Twelve Songs after Goethe (Medtner)
Twelve_Songs_after_Goethe_(Medtner)
Egyptian hieroglyphs (c.3000) were probably developed shortly after cuneiform (c.3100), and are the oldest Afroasiatic writings known. I. J. Gelb, A Study
History_of_early_Tunisia
English alphabet except w, viz.: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z. It differs from Classical Latin in distinguishing i from j and u from
Traditional English pronunciation of Latin
Traditional_English_pronunciation_of_Latin
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
phonetic quality of the vowels is uncertain. Notes: /e/ could not occur in unstressed syllables except before /r/, where it may have been lowered to /ɑ/ already
Proto-Germanic_language
English language during the Middle Ages
in -e (e.g., ich here, "I hear"), the second person singular in -(e)st (e.g., þou spekest, "thou speakest"), and the third person singular in -eþ (e.g.
Middle_English
Earliest historical form of English language
finally Modern English (after 1650), and in Scotland Early Scots (before 1450), Middle Scots (c. 1450–1700) and Modern Scots (after 1700). Just as Modern
Old_English
Quantum logic gate
{\displaystyle e^{i\theta U}=(\cos \theta )I+(i\sin \theta )U} and U = e i π 2 ( I − U ) = e − i π 2 ( I − U ) {\displaystyle U=e^{i{\frac {\pi }{2}}(I-U)}=e^{-i{\frac
Controlled_NOT_gate
Script used to write the Greek language
and ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨γκ⟩ is also used to stand for [g] before vowels [a], [o] and [u], and [ɟ] before [e] and [i]. There are also the combinations ⟨γχ⟩ and ⟨γξ⟩
Greek_alphabet
Distribution of variables which satisfies a stability property under linear combinations
integral: f ( x ; α , β , c , μ ) = 1 π ℜ [ ∫ 0 ∞ e i t ( x − μ ) e − ( c t ) α ( 1 − i β Φ ) d t ] . {\displaystyle f(x;\alpha ,\beta ,c,\mu )={\frac {1}{\pi
Stable_distribution
Historical forms of Quechua
designating both in the same way as /k/ in Spanish, i.e. as c before back vowels and qu before front vowels. Exceptionally, /q/ could be expressed by
Classical_Quechua
1968 song by the Beatles
interview he gave before his murder in December 1980, saying: "As I put it in my last incarnation, 'Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except Me and My Monkey'
Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except Me and My Monkey
Everybody's_Got_Something_to_Hide_Except_Me_and_My_Monkey
King of Sparta from c. 489 BC to 480 BC
Leonidas I (/liəˈnaɪdəs, -dæs/; Ancient Greek: Λεωνίδας, Leōnídas; born c. 540 BC; died 11 August 480 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
Leonidas_I
Phonetic changes in the Old Irish language
e became a in proclitics, except for e before *nt which instead merged with i with the spelling vacillating between e and i. *esmi > *emmʲ > am "I am"
Phonological history of Old Irish
Phonological_history_of_Old_Irish
Evolution of the Portuguese language
vowels are opened to /aC(ⁱ), ɛC(ⁱ), ɔC(ⁱ)/ in stressed syllables and raised to /aC(ⁱ), ɛC ~ eCⁱ, ɔC ~ oCⁱ/ in unstressed syllables. E.g. abstenção /abstẽˈsɐ̃w̃
History_of_Portuguese
Form of the Latin script used to write Czech language
(before voiced obstruents except ⟨v⟩) or devoicing (before voiceless consonants and at the end of words); spelling in these cases is morphophonemic (i
Czech_orthography
Shortening of words or phrases
Formerly, gl' was often used before words beginning with i, however it is no longer in very common (written) use. The words ci and è (form of essere, to be)
Contraction_(grammar)
Reconstructed proto-language
*āi, *ai, *oi > e *āu, *au > o *iy > i *uw > u *a umlauted to ā before ā, after which all remaining *a merged with e. Palatalized labials and resonants
Proto-Tocharian_language
Biblical principles relating to ethics and worship
cognizance of the ten commandments prior to the post-exilic period (after 586 B.C.E.)" Hogue, Timothy S. (2023). The Ten Commandments: Monuments of Memory
Ten_Commandments
Bantu language official in Rwanda
tones in Kinyarwanda is influenced by a complex set of phonological rules. Except in a few morphological contexts, the sequences 'ki' and 'ke' may be pronounced
Kinyarwanda
Two Latin-based writing systems of Papiamento
various European languages, i.e. pronounced [s] before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩, and [k] elsewhere. However, the use of ⟨c⟩ differs per dialect. As Papiamento is focused
Papiamento_orthography
Cell division producing haploid gametes
original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each
Meiosis
after experiencing a stall/spin condition. The Air Service Journal carries this on 11 July: "Sgt. Gianfelice Gino, [sic] R. I. F. C. att. A. S. S. C.
List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft before 1925
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft_before_1925
Theory in historical linguistics
word-initially and after a resonant. Kortlandt holds that *h₃ was preserved before all vowels except *o. Similarly, Kloekhorst believes they were lost before resonants
Laryngeal_theory
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
syllables, */i u/ become /ɛ⁓i ɔ⁓u/ (Tiberian), /a⁓i u/ (Babylonian), or /e⁓i o⁓u/ (Palestinian) – generally becoming the second vowel before geminates (e.g. לִבִּי)
Biblical_Hebrew
24-pin USB connector system
the USB PD specification. All Type‑C cables except the minimal combination of USB 2.0 and only 3 A must contain E-Marker chips that identify the cable
USB-C
Ruler of Great Moravia from 870 to 894
Svatopluk I or Svätopluk I, also known as Svatopluk the Great, was a ruler of Great Moravia, which attained its maximum territorial expansion during his
Svatopluk_I_of_Moravia
Language family
[kaˈtɨ] "tomcats". Except for the Polesian dialect of Brest Except for the Eastern Polesian dialect Consonants are hard before /e/ Except for some dialects
East_Slavic_languages
Phonological system of the Japanese language
debuccalized to [h] before /a, e, o/ and palatalized to [ç] before /i, j/: after these changes, [ɸ] was found only before /u/. In modern Japanese, [h, ç, ɸ] are commonly
Japanese_phonology
Unicode (UTF-8) to display the Maltese diacritics: ċ Ċ; ġ Ġ; ħ Ħ; ż Ż (together with à À; è È; ì Ì; ò Ò; ù Ù). There are two standard keyboard layouts
List of QWERTY keyboard language variants
List_of_QWERTY_keyboard_language_variants
Carolingian emperor from 800 to 814
by 1000. Charlemagne was named after his grandfather, Charles Martel. That name and its derivatives are unattested before their use by Charles Martel and
Charlemagne
to software, data science, and computer programming. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References abstract data
Glossary_of_computer_science
Calendar era based on the birth of Jesus
the English abbreviation for Before Christ, it is sometimes incorrectly concluded that AD means After Death (i.e., after the death of Jesus; but that
Anno_Domini
Romance language
incidence of the pair /ɛ e/. In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a, e, ɛ/ > [ə]; /o, ɔ, u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct
Catalan_language
that Aquila's translation had appeared before the publication of Irenæus' "Adversus Hæreses"; i.e., before 177." "If, indeed, we could rely on Epiphanius
Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (33–717)
Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(33–717)
Uppercase or lowercase
the same shape, and differ only in size (e.g. ⟨C, c⟩ ⟨S, s⟩ ⟨O, o⟩), but for others the shapes are different (e.g., ⟨A, a⟩ ⟨G, g⟩ ⟨F, f⟩). The two case
Letter_case
Sound systems of the Bulgarian language
identical to a velarized lateral), occurs in all positions, except before the vowels /i/ and /ɛ/, where a more "clear" version with a slight raising of the
Bulgarian_phonology
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨l⟩ in IPA
l. Others may not have a clear l at all, or have it only before front vowels (especially [i]). Features of voiced alveolar lateral approximants: Its manner
Voiced dental and alveolar lateral approximants
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_approximants
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C
I BEFORE-E-EXCEPT-AFTER-C