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Medieval and early modern tax
A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was
Hearth_tax
Place for a fire to heat the home and to cook food, usually of masonry
Look up hearth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A hearth (/hɑːrθ/) is the place in a home where a fire is or was traditionally kept for home heating
Hearth
Fixed tax paid by every liable individual
government to abandon the poll tax after 1698. Far more controversial was the hearth tax introduced by the Fire-Hearth and Stoves Taxation Act 1662 (14
Poll_tax
Heir of the English throne (1330–1376)
to Aquitaine. Edward persuaded the estates of Aquitaine to allow him a hearth tax of ten sous for five years in 1368, which alienated the Lord of Albret
Edward_the_Black_Prince
English politician
was an English politician, who is best remembered as the sponsor of the hearth tax, which earned him the jeering nickname "Sir Chimney Pole". He was the
Sir Courtenay Pole, 2nd Baronet
Sir_Courtenay_Pole,_2nd_Baronet
British historian (born 1965)
books and articles on Anglo-Saxon history, Anglo-Norman history and the hearth tax. He is employed as a reader in the department of humanities at Roehampton
Andrew_Wareham
Grade II* listed large house in St Mabyn, Cornwall, England
William Godolphin married the Barrett heiress. The Hearth Tax Returns for 1664 record it as having 8 hearths. The house became a farmhouse in the 19th century
Tregarden
Goods tax levied at the moment of manufacture rather than sale
Taxes on the same principle include hearth tax, brick tax, and wallpaper tax. Excise is levied at the point of manufacture; in the case of hearth tax
Excise
Property tax based on the number of windows in a house
in Europe from the 1600s to avoid taxes. Bedroom tax Brick tax Glass tax Hearth tax Wallpaper tax "Scottish window tax costs revealed". bbc.co.uk. 18 July
Window_tax
Market town in North Yorkshire, England
"The Hearth Tax List for the North Riding of Yorkshire, Michaelmas 1673, Ripon Historical Society (2011)" founded "Guisborough, The Hearth Tax of 1673"
Guisborough
Historic records of taxation
assessments are probably the hearth tax returns from 1662–1674, which give the names of householders and number of hearths for which they were responsible
Subsidy_roll
Medieval Anglo-French conflicts, 1337–1453
off debts incurred during the Castile campaign, the prince instituted a hearth tax. Arnaud-Amanieu VIII, Lord of Albret had fought on the Black Prince's
Hundred_Years'_War
British learned society
name indexes to English probate records, and the texts of 17th-century Hearth Tax returns. The Society was founded in 1889 to take over the Index Library
British_Record_Society
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
household and raising money through unpopular innovations such as the hearth tax. In the latter half of 1660, Charles's joy at the Restoration was tempered
Charles_II_of_England
British property tax (1784–1850)
Glass tax Hearth tax Window tax Wallpaper tax "Brick Tax 1784 – 1850". 2015-06-20. Retrieved 2019-02-13. Murden, Sarah (2015-03-10). "18th Century Taxes".
Brick_tax
Geographic area in North Yorkshire, England
Yorkshire’’ Ian Morris, ed. Morris, Faull, Stinson – Phillimore, 1992 Hearth Tax Online, Roehampton University, 2010 Archived 19 September 2012 at the
Craven_District
Donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church
Saxons. It was applied by the Normans to Ireland as a 'penny per hearth' annual tax in the later part of the twelfth century under the Papal Bull Laudabiliter
Peter's_Pence
17th-18th Century British property tax
accessible to a broader audience despite the tax. The tax was abolished in 1836. Brick tax Glass tax Hearth tax Window tax Notes UK Consumer Price Index inflation
Wallpaper_tax
Street in Bristol, England
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This is also how it is recorded in the Hearth Tax Books of Bristol in the 1660s. Christmas Street still runs from St John's
Christmas_Steps,_Bristol
Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England
it remains. 1379 Poll Tax recorded Kildwick township as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax. 1672 Hearth Tax counted 25 households in
Kildwick
Country in Western Europe (843–1792; 1814–1830)
population of some 18–20 million in modern-day France at the time of the 1328 hearth tax returns had been reduced 150 years later by 50 percent or more. The Renaissance
Kingdom_of_France
Village in Shropshire, England
villagers, 4 smallholders and 1 slave. Hearth Tax The Hearth Tax was introduced in England in 1662. Records of the Hearth Tax in Cleobury North date back to 1672
Cleobury_North
Punitive tax imposed on unmarried men
231–248. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2003.08.021. Gibson, Jeremy. The Hearth Tax, Other Later Stuart Tax Lists, and the Association Oath Rolls: FFHS, 1996. Charles
Bachelor_tax
(French for "fire" from the Latin focus meaning hearth) meant, especially in the Middle Ages, the hearth, first in the strict sense (the place where the
Feu_fiscal
British social historian (1935–2014)
Academy Hearth Tax project, at the University of Roehampton, which launched a series of edited texts, with critical introductions of the hearth tax records
Margaret_Spufford
Manor house in Suffolk, England
style. In the hearth tax returns of 1672 Pakenham Hall was owned by Sir William Spring, 2nd Baronet and is recorded as having had 23 hearths, demonstrating
Pakenham_Hall,_Suffolk
Calendar year
witnesses a Punch and Judy show in London (the first on record). May 16 – The hearth tax is introduced in England and Wales. May 19 The Act of Uniformity 1662
1662
Legal system in Kievan Rus'
during this period, the old community (Verv) was split into smaller units (Hearth tax) and, under the pressure of the gentry's possessions, lost self-government
Kievan_Rus'_law
Seaside village in Kent, England
May 2014 Harrington, D (1999), Kent Hearth Tax Assessment Lady Day 1664 CKS: Q/RTh (PDF), Centre for Hearth Tax Research, archived (PDF) from the original
Reculver
Breton general (1336–1407)
popular discontent over the implementation of a permanent ducal tax, the hearth tax. Duke John IV chose to sign a new treaty of alliance with England
Olivier_V_de_Clisson
Church on the Isle of Thanet, Kent
(£10.35) – and Shuart appears as a borgh, or tithing, in records of the Hearth Tax for 1673. However, the parish as a whole was in decline. In 1563 the parish
All_Saints'_Church,_Shuart
King of France from 1364 to 1380
perhaps fearful for his soul, Charles announced the abolition of the hearth tax, the foundation of the government's finances. The ordinance would have
Charles_V_of_France
Gothic castellated mansion in Kilwinning, Scotland
Eaglesham and its Castle of Polnoon. In 1691 the 'Hearth Tax for Ayrshire' records show 25 hearths in use, the highest number for a single dwelling in
Eglinton_Castle
Suburb of Stoke-on-Trent, England
family units. The Hearth Tax returns of 1666 reveal a significant population for the time, with 41 households assessed as chargeable for tax - including John
Bucknall,_Staffordshire
Tax on residential properties in Ireland
longer operated or funded by local authorities in Ireland. Hearth tax "Local Property Tax (LPT)" (PDF). www.revenue.ie. Archived from the original on
Local_property_tax_(Ireland)
century, Parliament permitted a Land Tax to be collected from 1667, a Hearth tax from 1691 to 1695 and a Poll tax from 1693 to 1699. The 1707 Union of
Taxation_in_Scotland
Castellated mansion in Vale of Glamorgan, Wales
Aubrey, of Llantrithyd. The 1670 Hearth Tax return shows that the Hensol mansion of that time possessed 18 hearths. Judge Jenkins’ son, David Jenkins
Hensol_Castle
Hamlet in Leicestershire, England
livestock. By 1679, inclosure activity in the parish was complete. A Hearth Tax return reflected a small growth in size by 1666, listing 10 houses. However
Frisby,_Leicestershire
English printer
in 1654. Mary Simmons ran the printing business and according to the hearth tax she ran the largest printing business in London. Samuel was sent to the
Samuel_Simmons_(printer)
Northside suburb of Dublin, Ireland
people, 4 born in England, and 6 Irish. In 1662, just 3 residents paid a hearth tax in the area. In the early 1700s, the tower house at Ballymun was constructed
Ballymun
Market town in Herefordshire, England
Williams, op. cit. pg. 19 chantry certificates, Hillaby, Ledbury, pg. 85 Hearth Tax Returns 1664; Hillaby, Ledbury, pg. 90 P. Williams, Bromyard: Minster
Bromyard
Grade I listed priory in St Osyth, Essex, England
decades. By 1671 St Osyth's had regained its status, with Hearth Tax returns recording 76 hearths, making it the fourth-largest house in Essex. A significant
St_Osyth's_Priory
estimate from this period is obtained from the hearth tax of 1662, which formed a survey of the number of hearths in each home. As with the Domesday survey
List of towns and cities in England by historical population
List_of_towns_and_cities_in_England_by_historical_population
Market town in Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire, England
Shrewsbury. He was the husband of Elizabeth Talbot, Bess of Hardwick. In the hearth tax records of 1674, Worksop is said to have had 176 households, which made
Worksop
English landowner
Restoration, Bond had a house in Pall Mall, assessed for Hearth Tax in 1674 as having 20 hearths, and a country estate in Peckham and Camberwell. He also
Sir_Thomas_Bond,_1st_Baronet
Village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England
the Hearth Tax", Local Population Studies, 28 (1982), pp. 51–7 By inspection and comparison of the Protestation Returns of 1642 and the Hearth Tax returns
Calverton,_Nottinghamshire
Ancient castle in Scotland
women here and in wider society.” In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show that the castle had twenty-two hearths and eighteen other dwellings were associated
Rowallan_Castle
Village in East Ayrshire, Scotland
raising by raisng their right arms. In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show that the mansion house had seven hearths and that seven other dwellings were associated
The_Lands_of_Lochridge
Surname list
lay in North Connacht. Early recordings include Teag Managan, in the Hearth Tax rolls of 1665 for County Tipperary, and Patrick Mongan and Maria Flanagan
Mongan_(surname)
Suburb in Greater Manchester, England
several buildings around the parish church and its parsonage. The 1664 hearth tax returns show that Flixton had 70 heads of household, who were likely engaged
Flixton,_Greater_Manchester
Townland in County Cavan, Ireland
in the same survey. In the Hearth Money Rolls compiled on 29 September 1663 there were three people paying the Hearth Tax in Clankuirke- Patricke O Loghan
Cloncurkney
Sir Rowland Hill's Tudor headquarters in, Shropshire, England
1334) Sowton (Saxton's Map of Shropshire, 1695) Soughton (The Shropshire Hearth-Tax Roll, 1672) Saulton (Artifacts at the building, 1800s) Listed buildings
Soulton_Hall
Historic site in Seighford
presumably then living at Seighford Hall, was assessed for six hearths in the Staffordshire Hearth Tax; this suggests a relatively large house – consistent with
Seighford_Hall
Town in Warwickshire, England
in 1590. Growth continued to be slow throughout the 17th century, with hearth tax returns showing that at most there were approximately 429 houses in the
Stratford-upon-Avon
Decade
witnesses a Punch and Judy show in London (the first on record). May 16 – The hearth tax is introduced in England and Wales. May 19 The Act of Uniformity 1662
1660s
House in North Ayrshire, Scotland
Douglas of Chesters in 1642 (RGS, ix, (1634–1651), no.1189) In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show the Lands of Crivoch with twelve families and the largest
Kennox_House
English country house
and 1674, a Richard Slaney paid Hearth Tax on a building on the site of the present-day Pitzhanger Manor for 16 hearths. This account provides a rough
Pitzhanger_Manor
Bristol cloth merchant and cartographer (1637 to 1715)
Rachel, on 11 February 1676. A 1662 Hearth Tax return records that James Millard was living in a house with 3 hearths on the east side of Bristol Bridge
James_Millerd
Town in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales
to remain until the growth of the modern town. According to the 1673 hearth tax list the parish contained thirteen houses. Whitehouse Cottage, the oldest
Barry,_Vale_of_Glamorgan
Neo-Palladian villa in Chiswick, London
Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset. The house was quite large: in the 1664 Hearth Tax documents it is recorded as having 33 fireplaces. The house was at the
Chiswick_House
Townland in County Cavan, Ireland
as Walter Jooneen. By the time of the Hearth Money Rolls compiled on 29 September 1663, there were two Hearth Tax payers in Curran: Thomas Reade and Brian
Corran,_County_Cavan
Epidemic of bubonic plague, 1665–66
within a couple of years. Burials in 1667 had returned to 1663 levels, Hearth Tax returns had recovered, and John Graunt contemporarily analysed baptism
Great_Plague_of_London
Market town in the West Midlands, England
irons, curry combs, bolts, latches and coffin handles. According to the Hearth Tax Returns in 1665, Willenhall comprised 136 households and 894 persons and
Willenhall
Village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England
the tax was essentially a property tax on households (rather than houses) graded according to the number of their fireplaces. The 1664 Hearth Tax returns
Syerston
Act of the Parliament of England
british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2021. Gibson, Jeremy. The Hearth Tax, Other Later Stuart Tax Lists, and the Association Oath Rolls: FFHS, 1996. "Statute
Marriage_Duty_Act_1694
Street in the City of London, England
ISBN 0713401419 51°31′06″N 0°05′30″W / 51.5182°N 0.0918°W / 51.5182; -0.0918 Hearth Tax: City of London 1666: St Giles (without) Cripplegate: Fore Street. Tokens
Fore_Street,_London
Housing for cloth weavers
two of them who work and have to make a living from it." Bleachfield Hearth Tax Harle Syke Mill Timeline of clothing and textiles technology Wikimedia
Weavers'_cottage
Suburban town in Borough of Barnet, London
103 adult males. In 1664 there were 73 houses in the parish, but the hearth tax of 1672 gives only 66. During the 18th century the average numbers both
Edgware
Barony in East Ayrshire, Scotland
senior of Corsehill is recorded. In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show the 'House of Corsehill' as having ten hearths and suggests that 83 other dwellings were
Barony and Castle of Corsehill
Barony_and_Castle_of_Corsehill
Lost village in Northamptonshire, England
recorded as having 2,000 sheep upon the parish. The Hearth Tax returns of 1674 show only five tax-payers in the parish. The surviving earthworks on the
Canons Ashby (lost settlement)
Canons_Ashby_(lost_settlement)
Historic house in Cheshire, England
their structures. Hearth-tax assessments of 1674 show the original hall to have been one of the largest houses in Cheshire, its 42 hearths being surpassed
Crewe_Hall
House in Carmarthenshire, Wales
generations, but allegiance to the crown during the English Civil War and high hearth tax (with 13 chimneys, the highest paid in all of Carmarthenshire), the house
Aberglasney
Town in Greater Manchester, England
making Altrincham the middle-class town it is today. According to the hearth tax returns from 1664, the township of Altrincham had a population of about
Altrincham
Town in Greater Manchester, England
coming in the 19th century to the Earls of Wilton. In the hearth tax of 1666 there were 97 hearths in the township, the rector's house was the largest with
Prestwich
Village in West Sussex, England
were divided. It eventually passed into royal ownership. A 17th century Hearth Tax register listed Nutbourne as having twenty-four households in total. By
Nutbourne,_Chichester
Building in Nottingham, England
Kingston-upon-Hull. The Lay Subsidy Roll of 1674 lists those liable for the hearth tax. The largest in Nottingham was Thurland House with 47, and Pierrepont
Pierrepont_House,_Nottingham
Monastery in North Ayrshire, Scotland
'Lady', the Virgin Mary; farms here of this name are recorded in the Hearth Tax records of the 1690s. The masonic link derives from the belief that the
Kilwinning_Abbey
Listed building in Lancashire, England
were replaced as the house was extended. Recorded in the 1666 Hearth tax, of the 99 hearths in Bretherton, Bank Hall had 12. The last of the Banastres,
Bank_Hall
Castle in Renfrewshire, Scotland, UK
been created. The Hearth Tax return for 1691 lists eleven hearths. Since the floors up to the parapet level only account for nine hearths, this strengthens
Stanely_Castle
Sovereign state in Europe (843–1707)
were relatively stable in the early 17th century. Calculations based on hearth tax returns for 1691 indicate a population of 1,234,575, but this figure may
Kingdom_of_Scotland
Village in Warwickshire, England
century attached to Austrey farmers or craftsmen paying for a single hearth in the hearth tax returns. The two ends of the village had separate water treatment
Austrey,_Warwickshire
Village in southwest Scotland
Doura hamlet in the late 18th century. In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show that the hall had six hearths and was occupied by Lady Corshill. The barony had
Benslie
Lost settlement in Northamptonshire, England
when it was recorded that there were eight households paying the 1673 Hearth Tax. In 1791 there were 17 houses in the village. By 1839 this number had
Coton, Northamptonshire (lost settlement)
Coton,_Northamptonshire_(lost_settlement)
is only 3.5 modioi (0.08 ha). Taxes placed on rural populations included the kapnikon (Greek: καπνικόν) or hearth tax, the synone (Greek: συνονή) or
Demography of the Byzantine Empire
Demography_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
population of over 10,000 by the end of the era. Calculations based on Hearth Tax returns for 1691 indicate a population of 1,234,575, but this figure may
Demographics_of_Scotland
District of East London, England
500. In the 1660s, a hearth tax was introduced, although around 50% of residents in Shadwell were deemed too poor to pay the tax. In 1669, Thomas Neale
Shadwell
Townland in County Cavan, Ireland
still in possession of Ballynamaddoo. In the Hearth Money Rolls of 1662 there was nobody paying the Hearth Tax in Ballynamadoo. Ambrose Leet's 1814 Directory
Ballynamaddoo
Village in Lancashire, England
until the 20th century. In the Hearth tax of 1666 there were 58 hearths to be taxed, the three largest houses had three hearths each. Hutton Hall was built
Hutton,_Lancashire
English printer
Register and apprentices were contracted to her. According to the 1666 hearth tax she ran the largest printing business in London. In 1668 she had five
Mary_Simmons
History of Scotland
seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century. Estimates based on hearth tax returns for 1691 indicate a population of around 1.2 million. The population
Demographic history of Scotland
Demographic_history_of_Scotland
Townland in County Cavan, Ireland
owner was Sir Francis Hamilton. In the Hearth Money Rolls compiled on 29 September 1663 there were two Hearth Tax payers in Dromerdanen alias Dronerdanan-
Drumerdannan
Human settlement in England
at Tusmore was large, for in 1665 it was assessed as having 19 hearths for the hearth tax. It was built of local stone and had a Roman Catholic chapel as
Tusmore,_Oxfordshire
Calendar year
this effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution. May 25 – The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales. May 31 – Leisler's Rebellion: Calvinist
1689
German count (1455–1516)
was a hearth tax, which had to be paid during Lent. The irregular revenues of the count included first of all the so-called Schatzungen, taxes for special
John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen
John_V,_Count_of_Nassau-Siegen
Parliament of England (1661–1679)
hearth tax (1662), with its unpopular and intrusive method of assessment (tax collectors had to go inside everyone's private homes to count hearths)
Cavalier_Parliament
Manor house in Virginia, United States
which was reconsecrated in 1412. In the 1662 Hearth Tax returns, Agecroft Hall was recorded as having 11 hearths out of a total of 35 in the whole of Pendlebury
Agecroft_Hall
First phase of the Hundred Years' War
introduced two vastly unpopular taxes, first the 'fouage', or hearth tax, and then the 'gabelle', a tax on salt. In 1343, the Seneschal of Gascony Oliver Ingham
Hundred_Years'_War,_1337–1360
Human settlement in England
village of Hackney. In 1672, Kingsland had 28 householders assessed for hearth tax, but expanded rapidly in the 18th century, along the line of Kingsland
Kingsland,_London
15th-century Western European conflict
archbishops. When he let a dispute occur over the raising of a poll and hearth tax on the town of Zons, which was enfeoffed to the cathedral chapter, the
Cologne_Diocesan_Feud
Manor house in North Ayrshire, Scotland
sold it on to High Stevenson, clerk to the Privy Council. In 1691 the Hearth Tax records show the mansion house with seven and five other dwellings associated
Montgreenan
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Distribute Love
Girl/Female
African, American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Indian
Earthy; Born of the Earth; Child of the World
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
From Heath or Moorland
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, Finnish, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Earth; On the Earth; Fertility Goddess
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Swedish
Earth; Of the Earth; Strong; Bold
Girl/Female
English German American Teutonic
Of the earth.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Distribute Love, Well wisher
Girl/Female
German
Of the earth.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French, German, Hebrew
Son of the Earth; Form of Bartholomew; Son of Farmer
Boy/Male
English
Son of the earth;often used as a surname.
Girl/Female
English American German
Worldly. Earth, from the Old English eorthe. Famous bearer: American creole singer Eartha Kitt.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on a heath (Middle English hethe, Old English hǣð) or a habitational name from any of the numerous places, for example in Bedfordshire, Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and West Yorkshire, named with this word. The same word also denoted heather, the characteristic plant of heathland areas. This surname has also been established in Dublin since the late 16th century.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Mother earth.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Mother earth.
Female
English
Old English name EARTHA means "earth, ground."
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, HEATH means "heath."
Surname or Lastname
English (Lincolnshire)
English (Lincolnshire) : variant spelling of Heath.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English derth ‘famine’ (of uncertain application) or de(e)th ‘death’, Old English dēa{dh}. The latter name would have been acquired by someone who had played the part of the personified figure of Death in a pageant or play, or else one who was habitually gloomy or sickly, and the insertion of the letter -r- may have been a deliberate attempt to dissociate the name from death.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : perhaps a nickname from the vocabulary word health, or a variant of Heath, altered by folk etymology.
Male
Welsh
 Contracted form of Welsh Gareth, possibly GARTH means "old." Compare with another form of Garth.
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
HEARTH TAX
superl.
Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.
v. t.
To drive or draw from the earth; hence, to uncover; to bring out from concealment; to bring to light; to disclose; as, to unearth a secret.
n.
One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.
superl.
Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy chid; a healthy plant.
superl.
Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate.
v. t.
To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit.
a.
Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).
n.
A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast.
v. i.
To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.
a.
Made of earth; earthy.
superl.
Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.
a.
Shaped like a heart; cordate.
superl.
Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber.
n.
A heart.
a.
Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills.
superl.
Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal.
n.
Dearth; scarcity.
n.
The earth.
a.
Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as, earthy matter.