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Voice type in French opera
The haute-contre (plural hautes-contre) was the primary French operatic tenor voice, predominant in French Baroque and Classical opera, from the middle
Haute-contre
High classical male singing voice
sing in the alto range with little or no falsetto, equating it with haute-contre and the Italian tenor altino. Adherents to this view maintain that a
Countertenor
includes most of the roles which were created by the leading French hautes-contre of the 17th and 18th centuries, or at least those to be found in operas
List of French haute-contre roles
List_of_French_haute-contre_roles
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
characters (not mentioned in the original libretto): Famine (haute-contre), War (bass), Flood (haute-contre), Blaze (bass). This part is stated by Parvopassu as
Isis_(Lully)
1762 opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck
other adjustments such as shifting Orpheus down to a high tenor, or haute-contre, from castrato, to suit the convention in French opera for heroic characters
Orfeo_ed_Euridice
Type of vocal range
contralto; for a male, as a countertenor (or in early French music as haute-contre) or a falsetto singer. A castrato may also sing in this range. The contralto
Alto
1745 opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
known about this production, except that the title role was taken by the haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte, a famous character actor and the leading tenor of the
Platée
Group of voices with similar vocal ranges
also designated a very high tenor voice, the equivalent of the French haute-contre. Until about 1830, all male voices used some falsetto-type voice production
Voice_type
Opéra-ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau
credulous Adonis and entreats vengeance of heaven and hell. Mercury (haute-contre) then descends onto the scene assuring the enraged goddess that Venus
Les_surprises_de_l'Amour
French opera singer (died 1702)
his natural and well focused voice, his vocal range was then known as haute-contre. He made his stage debut in 1677, singing a small part in Isis, and then
Louis_Gaulard_Dumesny
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
2008) unless otherwise stated. Lajarte, p. 45. According to Parvopassu, haute-contre, but in fact the part is notated in the bass clef in the original printed
Phaëton_(Lully)
Opera-ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau
curieuses de la Vie de Topal Osman, Basha & General de l'Armée Ottomane contre les Persans". Mercure Suisse, ou Recueil de Nouvelles Historiques, Politiques
Les_Indes_galantes
French opéra comique by Egidio Duni
which enabled him to sing as a basse taille, but also to reach up to the haute-contre tones (Jean Gourret, Histoire de l'Opéra-Comique, Paris, Les publications
L'école_de_la_jeunesse
French opera singer (1739–1793)
composer of the 18th century. He is usually regarded as the most prominent haute-contre of his generation, though his acting is reputed to have been mediocre
Joseph_Legros
Sung-through Surtitles Claque Coup de glotte Divertissement Encore Entr'acte Haute-contre Intermède Overture Répétiteur Roulade Timbre Tragédie en musique Travesti
Outline_of_opera
Opera by Henri Desmarets and André Campra
revivals of this opera, it was to be always performed by the principal hautes-contre of the company Sources Original libretto: Iphigénie en Tauride, Tragédie
Iphigénie en Tauride (Desmarets and Campra)
Iphigénie_en_Tauride_(Desmarets_and_Campra)
Opera by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
fall hunting season) it was revised to change the title role from an haute-contre role (perhaps originally sung by Charpentier) to a soprano part, and
Actéon_(opera)
Bowed string instrument
Bratsche. The French had their own names: cinquiesme was a small viola, haute contre was a large viola, and taile was a tenor. Today, the French use the term
Viola
Portrayal of a stage character by a performer of the opposite sex
spirits. In Lully's 1686 opera Armide the hero (Renaud) was sung by an haute-contre (a type of high tenor voice) while the female spirit of hatred (La Haine)
Travesti_(theatre)
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
Venus (soprano) L’Amour (boy soprano/haute-contre) Mercure (haute-contre) Vulcain (haute-contre) Zéphir (haute-contre) The king, father of Psyché (bass)
Psyché_(opera)
Theatre role in which an actress wears male clothing
singer, first a castrato and later, in the revised French version, an haute-contre. Because non-musical stage plays generally have no requirements for vocal
Breeches_role
1749 Jean-Philippe Rameau opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
Prologue Jupiter basse-taille (bass-baritone) François Le Page Neptune haute-contre Jean-Paul Spesoller [it] called de La Tour (or Latour) Pluton (Pluto)
Naïs
Flore (Flora) soprano Pan bass Nerée (Nereus) haute-contre Two nymphs sopranos A sea god haute-contre Chorus of Nymphs from Flora's retinue; Fauns and
Céphale et Procris (Jacquet de La Guerre)
Céphale_et_Procris_(Jacquet_de_La_Guerre)
Art form combining sung text and musical score in a theatrical setting
French disliked castrati, preferring their male heroes to be sung by an haute-contre (a high tenor), of which Joseph Legros (1739–1793) was a leading example
Opera
1733 opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
scores and is notated in the alto (haute-contre) clef. In the main body of the opera, Jélyotte also took the haute-contre travesti role of a Fate, the other
Hippolyte_et_Aricie
Type of tenor voice in Italian opera
had been developing since the 17th century. This voice type was called haute-contre, and the majority of heroic and amatory parts were written for it in
Tenore_contraltino
Opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
Conductor: André Chéron [de; fr] Revised version 19 January 1756 Zoroastre haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte François Poirier Abramane basse-taille (bass-baritone)
Zoroastre
Opera by Marin Marais
Marie-Louise Desmatins Ceyx haute-contre Marin Boutelou fils Pelée (Peleus) baritone Gabriel-Vincent Thévenard Sommeil (Sleep) haute-contre Pierre Chopelet Pan/
Alcyone_(opera)
1739 opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
Bourbonnois) Marie-Angélique Coupé Dardanus, son of Electra and Jupiter haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte Pierre Jélyotte Iphise, daughter of Teucer soprano Marie
Dardanus_(Rameau)
Work of Rousseau
Role Voice type Premiere Cast, 18 October 1752 (Conductor:) Colin haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte Colette soprano Marie Fel The Soothsayer basse-taille (bass-baritone)
Le_devin_du_village
1809 opera by Gaspare Spontini
taille voice (lower tenor), or in the alto clef which was used for the haute-contre. According to the original libretto. Score, p. 54. Score, p. 155. Score
Fernand_Cortez
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
Voice type Premiere cast, 18 April 1682 Persée son of Jupiter and Danaë haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Andromède daughter of Céphée soprano Marie Aubry
Persée_(Lully)
1688 opera by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
types Role Voice type Jonathas boy soprano David haute-contre Une Pythonisse (Witch of Endor) haute-contre Joadab tenor Saül baritone Achis bass L'Ombre
David_et_Jonathas
1783 opera or opéra-ballet in three acts by André Grétry
Seraglio haute-contre Jean-Joseph Rousseau [it] Husca, the chief of the caravan and a slave trader baritone François Lays Saint-Phar, a French slave haute-contre
La_caravane_du_Caire
Opera by Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville
Original version Voice types Premiere, Paris 1753 Titon haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte l'Aurore soprano Marie Fel Promethée (prologue), Eole (pastorale)
Titon_et_l'Aurore
soprano Mlle Armand Melisse soprano Mlle Dujardin Astolphe haute-contre M Poussin Crisalde haute-contre Pierre Chopelet Nymphs of Alcine's court sopranos Mlles
Alcine
in the rest of Europe, preferring their male heroes to be sung by the haute-contre, a particularly high tenor voice. Dramatic recitative was at the heart
French_opera
1746 tragédie en musique by Jean-Marie Leclair
Divertissements. role en travesti According to The New Grove Dictionary, "haute-contre". Both the first Propoetide and Hecate are notated in the tenor clef
Scylla_et_Glaucus
Belgian operatic soprano
voice type referred to in French as haute-contre, so Gluck transposed and adapted the role of Orphée for the haute-contre Joseph Legros. Unfortunately, the
Marie_Sasse
Tenor with a lower mid-range
France, young lover roles were assigned to the high male voices of hautes-contre. Today the taille roles are most often performed by baritones.[citation
Baritenor
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
magician, niece of Hidraot soprano Marie Le Rochois Renaud, a knight haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Phénice, a confidante of Armide soprano Marie-Louise
Armide_(Lully)
1760 opera by Rameau
Henri Larrivée Nérine soprano Marie-Jeanne Lemière Atis haute-contre Lombard La fée Manto haute-contre Jean-Pierre Pillot Un paladin haute-contre Muguet
Les_Paladins
prologue being suppressed, at the 23rd billing. Sometimes reported as haute-contre roles, the parts of the masters, of music and of dance, are actually
Les_fêtes_vénitiennes
Opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
lifetime) Alphise soprano Sémire soprano Borilée baritone Calisis haute-contre Abaris haute-contre Adamas baritone A nymph soprano L'Amour (Cupid) soprano Polymnie
Les_Boréades
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
( Conductor: – ) Pleasures haute-contre, tenor Langeais, Miracle Un Jeu bass François Beaumavieille Bacchus haute-contre La Grille Venus soprano Beaucreux
Thésée_(Lully)
Musical symbol used to indicate the written pitches of notes
parts along with the alto clef. It was used for the second violin part ('haute-contre') in 17th century French music. Starting in the 18th century, music for
Clef
Opéra-ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau
pleasure) soprano Mlle Rotisset de Romainville L'Hymen (The god Hymen) haute-contre François Poirier Chorus:Les Graces, les Plaisirs, les Jeux, les Ris (The
Les fêtes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour
Les_fêtes_de_l'Hymen_et_de_l'Amour
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
Marie Le Rochois Médor (Medoro) haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Témire soprano Mlle Armand Astolfe (Astolfo) haute-contre Logistille (Logistilla) soprano
Roland_(Lully)
Opera by the composer François-Joseph Gossec
of Gaul haute-contre Joseph Legros The Genius of Gaul bass Durand The Chief Druid bass Nicolas Gélin Natalis, confidant of Sabinus haute-contre Muguet
Sabinus_(opera)
the main male parts, probably due to the unavailability of leading hautes-contre in the Paris Opera ensemble at the time. Tancrède was first performed
Tancrède
Opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck
haute-contre by Brown 1992, p. 1289. The first performer Godard, an erstwhile artist of the Académie Royale de Musique, is also classed as an haute-contre
La_rencontre_imprévue
French composer (1643–1704)
male monastic community required male voices, he would write for an haute-contre, a tenor and a bass, plus the same instruments. Then, about 1680, Mlle
Marc-Antoine_Charpentier
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
Desfronteaux) Apollon, haute-contre Le Roy Proserpine, soprano Mlle Bony The Ghost of Alcestis, silent role Alecton, a Fury haute-contre (en travesti) Le Roy
Alceste_(Lully)
Belgian operatic tenor (born 1987)
folk-songs and Dumesny, haute-contre de Lully both in 2019, Jéliote, haute-contre de Rameau in 2021, and Legros, haute-contre de Gluck in 2023. Van Mechelen's
Reinoud_Van_Mechelen
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
List_of_operas_by_title
Opéra-ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau
vanquished kings, three of whom, Poirier, Latour and Lefevre, were hautes-contre (p. 32). The period score cited below, on the contrary, lists but five
Le_temple_de_la_Gloire
1697 opéra-ballet by André Campra
La Discorde (prologue) taille (baritenor) Claude Desvoyes Philène (1) haute-contre (high tenor) Jean Boutelou Silvandre (1) bass Gabriel-Vincent Thévenard
L'Europe_galante
Opera by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
(Conductor: – ) Orphée haute-contre François Antoine Euridice soprano Pluton bass-baritone Proserpine soprano Ixion haute-contre Marc-Antoine Charpentier
La descente d'Orphée aux enfers
La_descente_d'Orphée_aux_enfers
UK singer of early music
contemporary classical music. He has sometimes been identified as an haute-contre tenor. He has performed for over 50 years in choirs and ensembles such
Rogers_Covey-Crump
Opera by Antonio Sacchini
reason of its being notated in the alto clef, normally used in France for haute-contre parts. This role is not mentioned in the cast list of the original libretto
Œdipe_à_Colone
1739 opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
Première entrée: La poésie Sapho soprano Mlle Erémans Thélème (Thelemus) haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte Alcée (Alcaeus) basse-taille (bass-baritone) Mr Albert
Les_fêtes_d'Hébé
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
soprano Mlle Beaucreux Iris, a goddess soprano Mlle Des Fronteaux A Zephyr haute-contre Dominique de La Grille Hercule, Anthæe, Castor, Pollux, Lyncée, Idas
Atys_(Lully)
Opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck
Girardin Narcisse, a hunter, son of Cephisus haute-contre Étienne Lainez Cynire, friend of Narcisse haute-contre Joseph Legros Sylphie, a nymph soprano Thanais
Écho_et_Narcisse
du Bourg (Dubourg) Claude-Louis-Dominique Chassé de Chinais Mercure haute-contre Louis Murayre (Muraire) Denis-François Tribou A Hora soprano Mlle Mignier
Les_élémens
Opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck
their daughter soprano Sophie Arnould Achille (Achilles), a Greek hero haute-contre Joseph Legros Patrocle (Patroclus) bass Durand Calchas, the High Priest
Iphigénie_en_Aulide
Linguistic phenomenon in French
sing.) haute-contre (n. m./f. sing.) haute-forme (n. m. sing.) hautement (adv.) hautesse (n. f.) hauteur (n. f.) hautes-contre (n. m./f. pl.) hautes-formes
Aspirated_h
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
List_of_Orphean_operas
Subgenre of pop music
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
Operatic_pop
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
soprano Mlle Saint-Christophle Jupiter bass Godonesche Alphée (Alpheus) haute-contre Bernard Cledière Aréthuse (Arethusa) soprano Catherine Ferdinand Mercure
Proserpine_(Lully)
Musical settings of biblical text
Noemi Rime, soprano, Nathalie Stutzmann, contralto, Charles Brett, haute-contre, Howard Crook, ténor, Virgin classics 1989 Neuf leçons de Ténèbres, Marc
Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet
Lamentations_of_Jeremiah_the_Prophet
Opera by Antonio Salieri
former singer emerged from the Chapels of Italy, being sensitive and gay haute-contre Jean-Joseph Rousseau [it] Spinette, a European slave woman, Calpigi's
Tarare_(opera)
Opera by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
Brion La Poésie, Poetry soprano Antoinette Talon La Peinture, Painting haute-contre Marc-Antoine Charpentier L'Architecture, Architecture mezzo-soprano Marie
Les_arts_florissants_(opera)
1712 opera by André Campra
bass-baritone Charles Hardouin Idamante haute-contre Jacques Cochereau Ilione soprano Françoise Journet Arcas haute-contre Jean-Baptiste Buseau Dircé soprano
Idoménée
American opera singer
du Jeudy Sainct, H.102, H.103, H.109, Concerto Vocale, René Jacobs, haute-contre, Judith Nelson, soprano, Anne Verkinderen, soprano, William Christie
Judith_Nelson
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
wife of Alquif (prologue) soprano Amadis, son of King Perion of Gaul haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Oriane, daughter of King Lisuart of Britain soprano
Amadis_(Lully)
Compact, low-power binoculars
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
Opera_glasses
are notated in the alto clef, which was ordinarily used only for the haute-contre voice. She was born Anne-Marie Simonet (1763-1829) and was also known
Héléna_(opera)
Opera by Louis Lacoste
and Haute-contre (Tenor 1). The fact that the libretto does not offer opportunities to have male trios (Basse-taille, Taille (Tenor 2), Haute-contre) is
Orion_(Lacoste)
Super flumina, H.171 a Psalmus 3 us, H.172 Miserere à deux voix, une haute-contre et basse continue, H.173 Psaume 41, H.174 Psaume 1, H.175 Psaume 97,
List of compositions by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
List_of_compositions_by_Marc-Antoine_Charpentier
Opera by Étienne-Nicolas Méhul
di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian). The part of Othon is notated for haute-contre (alto clef) in solos (and in duets with a soprano), for taille (tenor
Ariodant
Opera by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
Rochois Nérine, Medea's confidante soprano Jason, Prince of Thessaly haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Arcas, Jason's confidant tenor Créon, King of Corinth
Médée_(Charpentier)
Opera by Étienne Méhul
are notated in the alto clef, which was ordinarily used only for the haute-contre voice. She was born Anne-Marie Simonet (1763–1829) and was also known
La_journée_aux_aventures
Early wind instrument with a cup mouthpiece
lowest note is F3. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica called this the haute-contre or alto cornet. Baines said that the use of this variant for an alto
Cornett
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
List_of_major_opera_composers
Music genre
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
Spanish_opera
1748 opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau
Role Voice type Premiere Cast Zaïs, Genie of the air haute-contre Pierre Jélyotte Zélidie soprano Marie Fel Oromasès, King of the Genies basse-taille (bass-baritone)
Zaïs
Princess of Joinville
Charpentier began composing for the three Guises, sometimes singing haute-contre lines. Mlle de Guise protected him and advanced his career by soliciting
Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise
Marie_de_Lorraine,_Duchess_of_Guise
Type of music ornamentation
Surtitles French Claque Coup de glotte Divertissement Encore Entr'acte Haute-contre Intermède Overture Répétiteur Roulade Timbre Tragédie en musique Travesti
Roulade_(music)
French Baroque music genre
Noemi Rime, soprano, Nathalie Stutzmann, contralto, Charles Brett, haute-contre, Howard Crook, ténor, Virgin classics 1989 Neuf leçons de Ténèbres, Marc
Leçons_de_ténèbres
Ino soprano Françoise-Claude-Marie-Rosalie Campagne (called Mlle Duplant) Ismène soprano Mlle Châteauvieux Neptune haute-contre Joseph Legros Elphingor
Hellé
Italian-French composer (1632–1687)
five voices of strings such as dessus (a higher range than soprano), haute-contre (the instrumental equivalent of the high tenor voice by that name), taille
Jean-Baptiste_Lully
Operas in Italy or in the Italian language
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
Italian_opera
Swiss operatic tenor
2010) was a Swiss classical tenore di grazia, sometimes placed in the haute-contre category, and music educator known for his performances in international
Hugues_Cuénod
Opera by Antoine Dauvergne
haute-contre François Poirier Le grand prêtre de Janus (the high priest of Janus) haute-contre Jean-Pierre Pillot Premier faune, the first faun haute-contre
Énée_et_Lavinie_(Dauvergne)
Spinto Dramatic Mezzo-soprano Contralto (Alto) Countertenor Sopranist Haute-contre Castrato Tenor Tenore contraltino Tenore di grazia Baritenor Baritone
List_of_prominent_operas
Opera by Étienne-Nicolas Méhul
Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre (known as Mme Dugazon) Antiochus, Prince of Syria haute-contre Louis Michu Séleucus, King of Syria taille (baritenor) Philippe Cauvy
Stratonice_(opera)
Opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully
6 September 1686 Galatea, a sea nymph soprano Marie Le Rochois Acis, a mortal haute-contre Louis Gaulard Dumesny Polyphème (Polyphemus), a monster basse-taille
Acis_et_Galatée
French opera singer
singing French Baroque music, especially the parts called in French haute-contre, written for a very high tenor voice with no falsetto singing. Specialist
Jean-Paul_Fouchécourt
Merlin haute-contre Jacques Cochereau L'ordonnateur de la fête haute-contre Guesdon La Folie soprano Mlle Haran Un acteur de la fête haute-contre Louis
Les_âges
Genre of French drama
Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198165996. Sawkins, Lionel, "Haute-contre", in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (cit., II, pp. 668–69) Portions
Comédie-ballet
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE
HAUTE CONTRE