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Group of genes from one parent
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material
Haplotype
In genetics, haplotype estimation (also known as "phasing") refers to the process of statistical estimation of haplotypes from genotype data. The most
Haplotype_estimation
Haplotype convergence is the unrelated appearance of identical haplotypes in separate populations, through either convergent evolution or random chance
Haplotype_convergence
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
of the HLA antigens. It coined the "Super B8" haplotype, also called the ancestral European haplotype because of its common occurrence in Europe, particular
HLA-B8
Genomic region containing only a few distinct haplotypes
In genetics, a haplotype block is a region of an organism's genome in which there is little evidence of a history of genetic recombination, and which
Haplotype_block
Hypothesized last common ancestor of the Kohanim caste
for six Y-STR markers, which researchers named the extended Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH). Subsequent research using twelve Y-STR markers indicated that nearly
Y-chromosomal_Aaron
Human genotype
HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: AH8.1, COX, Super B8, ancestral MHC 8.1 or 8.1 ancestral haplotype) is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority
HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
In human genetics, Haplotype 35, also called ht35 or the Armenian Modal Haplotype, is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated
Haplotype_35
gene-alleles within the haplotype. In Europe A1-B8 is found, generally as part of the HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype. This haplotype is 4.7 million nucleotides
HLA_A1-B8_haplotype
In human genetics, the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH) or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with
Atlantic_modal_haplotype
Group of similar haplotypes
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs
Haplogroup
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ2.2 and DQ2.5, are also encoded
HLA-DQ2
Several extinct domestic dog varieties
Kalimantan, were mDNA haplotype A75 (40%) and "the dingo founder haplotype" A29 (8%). Also present were haplotypes A120 and A145. All 4 haplotypes fall within the
Polynesian_Dog
The Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) is an open-access, annotated collection of population samples typed for Y chromosomal sequence variants
Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database
Y_Chromosome_Haplotype_Reference_Database
Subspecies of canine
marker and found 2 yDNA haplotypes. A haplotype named H3 could be found in domestic dogs in East Asia and Northern Europe. Haplotype H60 had not been previously
Canis_lupus_dingo
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Ashkenazi Jews which together account for 45% of all Ashkenazi mtDNA haplotypes. Approximately 19% of Ashkenazi Jews with ancestry from Poland are in
Haplogroup_K1a1b1a_(mtDNA)
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) is a clinical method of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) used to determine the presence of single gene
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping
Preimplantation_genetic_haplotyping
Project that developed a haplotype map of the human genome
International HapMap Project is an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human
International_HapMap_Project
Ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people
A modal haplotype is an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people, using genetic genealogy. The two most commonly
Modal_haplotype
Human leukocyte antigen serotype, associated with coeliac disease
antigens in humans, haplotype frequencies do not exceed 40%. For example, in the US the highest haplotype frequency, the haplotype that encoded DQ6.2,
HLA-DQ8
Cultivated trees bearing sweet oranges
using knowledge of the haplotypes. The updated annotation identified 28,076 and 27,665 protein-coding genes in the two haplotypes, respectively, and expanded
Citrus_×_sinensis
The haplotype-relative-risk (HRR) method is a family-based method for determining gene allele association to a disease in the presence of actual genetic
Haplotype-relative-risk
Repetitive DNA sequence
containing N number of haplotypes. For example, if a haplotype has been observed twice in a database of N = 2000, the frequency of that haplotype will be: 2/2000
Y-STR
Classification of leukocyte antigens
accompanying figure, two similar haplotypes (unknown to early clinicians) are identical, except for the one antigen in the top haplotype. The transplant may not
History and naming of human leukocyte antigens
History_and_naming_of_human_leukocyte_antigens
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
The ancestral sickle cell haplotype to modern haplotypes (e.g., Cameroon/Central African Republic and Benin/Senegal haplotypes) may have first arose in
Haplogroup_E-M2
Dog breed
dogs carried universal haplotypes that could be found around the world (haplotypes A16, A18, A19, and B1), 5% carried haplotypes associated with Korea
Carolina_Dog
Human DNA groupings
Zhivotovsky, LA; Hammer, MF (2003). "High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup
Gene variant
of a specific haplotype, termed Haplotype A, which includes 86 linked variants in high linkage disequilibrium (LD). Within this haplotype, two single nucleotide
CCR5-Δ32
Genes on human chromosome 6
The Super-B8 haplotype is associated with a number of diet-associated autoimmune diseases. There are 100,000s of extended haplotypes, but only a few
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Czech and Slovak breed of dog
maternal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and two paternal Y DNA haplotypes within the breed. Both mDNA haplotypes and one yDNA haplotype originated with German
Czechoslovakian_Wolfdog
component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with
HLA-DR3
Species of butterfly
three haplotypes (HphH1, HphH26, and HphH31) to be shared in roughly 64.1% of all sampled individuals. Due to this high percentage, these haplotypes likely
Fiery_skipper
Indigenous peoples of the United States
factor for the number of gene lineages, zygosity mutations and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous American populations. The most popular theory
Native Americans in the United States
Native_Americans_in_the_United_States
Human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group
designation for the haplotype HLA-A*02:01~C*05:01~B*4402, the class I portion, of an ancestral haplotype (A2~B44~DR4~DQ8). The full haplotype is (for relative
HLA-A*02
high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype. It is possible to identify genetic variation and association to phenotypes
Tag_SNP
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, are all HLA-DQ1 encoded by the DQA1*01 allele
HLA-DQ5
Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences
referred to as its haplotype. In principle, since there are four base types, with 1000 base pairs, we could have 41000 distinct haplotypes. However, for organisms
Molecular_phylogenetics
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
appears to have been the main route of entry, as the Egyptian and Anatolian haplotypes are considerably older in age (13,700 BP and 9,000 BP, respectively) than
Haplogroup_T-M184
mediate apoptosis in autoimmune disease and HLA A*0201 in with the HLA-DQ8 haplotypes has been documented. The class I sites were found on the carboxyl end
Gluten_immunochemistry
Evolutionary process
000 and 250,000 years ago. Recent DNA evidence suggests that several haplotypes of Neanderthal origin are present among all non-African populations, and
Human_evolution
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
modal haplotype. They said that it was necessary to look at a more detailed STR haplotype in order to define a new "Extended Cohen Modal Haplotype" which
Haplogroup_J-M267
Allele association in population genetics
question is, what is the expected frequency pAB of the allele pair, or haplotype, AB? (See note below about genetic nomenclature.) If the A and B alleles
Linkage_disequilibrium
French general and emperor (1769–1821)
Peter (September 2013). "Reconstruction of the Lineage Y Chromosome Haplotype of Napoléon the First" (PDF). International Journal of Sciences. 2 (9):
Napoleon
series on Genetic genealogy Concepts Population genetics Haplogroup / Haplotype / Subclade Most recent common ancestor DNA haplogroups (Human mitochondrial
List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
List_of_Y-chromosome_haplogroups_in_populations_of_the_world
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
United States. B7 is found in two major haplotypes in Europe, where it reaches peak frequency in Ireland. One haplotype A3-B7-DR15-DQ1 can be found over a
HLA-B7
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
1 haplotype. This haplotype is more common in Japan and other parts of East Asia. DQB1*0602 is commonly linked to DQA1*0102 to form 6.2 haplotype. DQ6
HLA-DQ6
Medical condition of the brain
same disorder. A variant in the MAPT gene for tau protein called the H1 haplotype, located on chromosome 17 (rs1800547), has been linked to PSP. Nearly
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive_supranuclear_palsy
British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic
Y-chromosome haplotypes are of African and West Eurasian origin. However, unlike other English-speaking New World colonies, most African mtDNA haplotypes appear
Bermuda
Genus of flowering plants
generated improved haplotype-aware annotations for the pomelo, sweet orange, and mandarin genomes. In the same year, a haplotype-resolved genome assembly
Citrus
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Genetic genealogy Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade
Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)
Ethnic Greek population of Cyprus
the shared haplotypes. No shared haplotypes were observed between Greek Cypriots and mainland Turkish populations, while total haplotypes shared between
Greek_Cypriots
Archaeological culture
exclusively to haplotypes of U5, U4 and U2. With regards to Y-DNA, the vast majority of samples belonged to R1b1a1a haplotypes and I2a1 haplotypes. The results
Narva_culture
Subspecies of carnivore
recognised as a distinct subspecies, it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype and a distinct skull morphology. It has been strictly protected in Italy
Italian_wolf
8th–11th century expansion by Norsemen
mitochondrial C1 haplotype is primarily an East Asia-American haplotype that developed just prior to migration across the Bering sea. This maternal haplotype, however
Viking_expansion
Haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA
genetics, human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are collections of similar haplotypes defined by combinations of single nuclear polymorphism (SNPs) in mtDNA
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup
File format for genomic variation data
Description="Read Depth"> ##FORMAT=<ID=HQ,Number=2,Type=Integer,Description="Haplotype Quality"> #CHROM POS ID REF ALT QUAL FILTER INFO FORMAT NA00001 NA00002
Variant_Call_Format
Species of bivalve
and C. noetlingi Martens, 1899. The invasive lineage "form B/Rlc" (COI haplotypes FW1/FW4) corresponds to C. leana. In Korean cuisine, Corbicula leana are
Corbicula_leana
that are present in an individual due to parents transmitting identical haplotypes to their offspring. The potential of predicting or estimating individual
Runs_of_homozygosity
Small citrus fruit
segments. In 2026, the Ponkan mandarin genome was reannotated as part of a haplotype-aware annotation study of three major Citrus crops. The updated annotation
Mandarin_orange
Extinct North American wolf
clade was basal to all other wolves except for the Himalayan wolf. A haplotype is a group of genes found in an organism that are inherited together from
Beringian_wolf
This allele group is most commonly found in West Africa, but A single Haplotype of Cw16 is found in Western Europe at unusually high frequencies. There
HLA-Cw*16
Name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to a portion of Southeast Africa
individual, demonstrating maternal ancestry patterns, showed a L* haplotype. The L* haplotype is predominantly found in present-day Sub-Saharan African populations
Zanj
Genus of placozoans
known whether all haplotypes correspond to distinct species. Only one species of Cladtertia, C. collaboinventa (formerly haplotype H23), has been formally
Cladtertia
Species of plant
the wild kiwifruit species in the genus Actinidia. A chromosome-level haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a wild kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) individual
Actinidia_eriantha
Extinct lineage of the grey wolf
extinctions of ecomorphs and phylogeographic shifts in populations. A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of genes in an organism that are inherited
Pleistocene_wolf
haplotyping is a technique for the physical separation of individual chromosomes from a metaphase cell followed by direct resolution of the haplotype
Microfluidic whole genome haplotyping
Microfluidic_whole_genome_haplotyping
German youth kept in total isolation
study ruled out Hauser's princely descent by comparing mitochondrial DNA haplotypes with the House of Baden. On 26 May 1828, Hauser, then a teenage boy, was
Kaspar_Hauser
following functionalities: LD & haplotype block analysis Haplotype population frequency estimation Single SNP and haplotype association tests Permutation
Haploview
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6. A3 is primarily composed of A*03:01 and *03:02 which
HLA-A3
Descendants of Genghis Khan
dynasty. According to a study using molecular genealogy, Y-chromosome haplotypes from the Lu clan in northwestern China, who claim to be descendants of
Chinggisids
Genus of bivalves
900–29,600 protein-coding genes were predicted. A telomere-to-telomere, haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome assembly of Meretrix taiwanica was published
Meretrix_(bivalve)
Molecule triggering an immune response
haplotype: type III autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis. DRB1*04:DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 haplotype: Type
HLA-DR4
Autoimmune disorder
process. Most people with coeliac bear a two-gene HLA-DQ2 haplotype called DQ2.5. This haplotype is composed of two adjacent gene alleles, DQA1*0501 and
Coeliac_disease
Genus of Placozoa
I and II, including haplotypes H1, H2, H3 and H17. A 2022 study defined Trichoplax more restrictively as only clade I (haplotypes H1, H2 and H17), with
Trichoplax
Human blood group classification
very closely located together on chromosome 4 and are inherited as a haplotype. The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant
MNS_antigen_system
Most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended
The term is also used in reference to the ancestry of groups of genes (haplotypes) rather than organisms. The ancestry of a set of individuals can sometimes
Most_recent_common_ancestor
American wildlife biologist
study consisted of results where coyote DNA haplotypes were found in wolf populations, but wolf DNA haplotypes were not found in coyote populations. Boyd
Diane_K._Boyd
Subregion of Oceania
Y-chromosome data of Kayser et al. (2000), which shows that all three haplotypes of Polynesian Y chromosomes can be traced back to Melanesia. In the archaeological
Polynesia
Canadian genome scientist
his role in the International HapMap Project whose goal is to develop a haplotype map of the human genome. As director of the McGill University and Genome
Thomas_J._Hudson
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
for 12 Y-STR loci, and observed that 77% (113/147) had typical E-V32 haplotypes. This is currently the highest frequency of E-V32 found in any single
Haplogroup_E-V12
Suite of free genome analysis software by Nvidia
GATK HaplotypeCaller, one of the most relevant tools in the domain for germline variant calling. Besides the pipeline that resorts to HaplotypeCaller
Nvidia_Parabricks
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA-C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human
HLA-C
Dutch medical researcher
applications in genome science, including the production of chromosome-length haplotype information and the characterization of polymorphic inversions. Continuous
Peter_M._Lansdorp
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
found against LRP4, agrin, and titin proteins. Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to myasthenia gravis and
Myasthenia_gravis
Species of deer
based on genetic distance, genetic divergence and shared vs. private haplotypes and alleles, together with ecological and behavioral differences, may
Reindeer
Medical condition
single origin of the sickle trait, with one haplotype ancestral to all sickle-cell variants. This haplotype is thought to have originated in the Sahara
Sickle_cell_trait
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
to the level of singular nucleotides. It also managed to resolve two haplotypes of each chromosome, so now scientists know not only how many copies of
HeLa
Staple crop
Leaf Leaf detail Flower buds Seeds and opened fruit The complete and haplotype-resolved African cassava (TME204) genome has been reconstructed and made
Cassava
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
an unknown mixing area of West Pacific Rim haplotypes and West African/Middle Eastern derived haplotypes in Eastern Asia before the first migration.
HLA-A68
Citrus fruit from Southeast Asia
essentially complete genome assembly of pomelo was published in 2026. The two haplotypes span approximately 344 Mb and 343 Mb, respectively, and each was assembled
Pomelo
Archaeological site in Tunisia
Leïla Ladjimi; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2016-05-25). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa"
Carthage
ago and that the H2 haplotype has been under selection pressure since that time, possibly because of the role of this H1 haplotype in neurodegenerative
Genetic_history_of_Europe
Inferred statistical population
suggests that many populations outside of Africa should also contain haplotypes from this introgression event, though detection is difficult because many
Ghost_population
Canid species native to Australia
and mitochondrial DNA sequencing demonstrating at least two dingo mtDNA haplotypes colonised Australia. In 2020, a genetic study found that the New Guinea
Dingo
calling in ctDNA, gene expression in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and haplotyping via linked reads[clarification needed]. Batch effect Multiplex (assay)
Unique_molecular_identifier
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
(Eivissan) islanders and Pontic Greeks from Giresun. The first Y-STR haplotype belonging to this lineage appeared in the paper of Tomas et al in 2006
Haplogroup_T-L206
Ancient Celtic peoples of Europe
as Gauls. The mtDNA of the examined individuals belonged primarily to haplotypes of H and U. They were found to be carrying a large amount of steppe ancestry
Gauls
Extinct species of carnivore
highly divergent. The haplotype designated as S805 (28,000 YBP) from the Yana River was one mutation away from another haplotype S902 (8,000 YBP) that
Canis_mosbachensis
Genetics on the peopling of the Americas
for the number of genetic lineages, zygosity mutations, and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous American populations. Indigenous American
Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Historical group of nomadic Iranian peoples
data was finally provided by Keyser et al. in 2009. They studied the haplotypes and haplogroups of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area
Saka
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
Boy/Male
Norse
Affectionate.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Walking, Going on foot
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name, a variant of East.English : variant of Eastmond.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Strength; Flower
Female
English
Feminine form of English unisex Kimberley, KIMBERLY means "King's City Meadow."
Female
French
French form of Greek Lydia, LYDIE means "of Lydia."
Female
French
French form of Latin Carola, CAROLE means "man."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Talented; Scholar; Another Name for God; Virtuous; Expert; Intelligent; Wise Elligent
Girl/Female
French Latin
Free-born; noble.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Swan or Beautiful Lady
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE