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Intaglio printmaking technique
steel) is covered with a waxy ground which is resistant to acid. The artist then scratches off the ground with a pointed etching needle where the artist wants
Etching
A ground is waxy material applied to the surface of a metal etching plate. A metal etching plate is a piece of sheet metal, usually copper, zinc, steel
Ground_(etching)
19th-century Belgian artist
date) soft-ground etching (15.88 × 31.75 cm) Los Angeles County Museum of Art Genesis from Les Sataniques (ca. 1882) soft-ground etching (18.89 x 25
Félicien_Rops
Watercolor painting by Félicien Rops
paint heightened with pastel on paper. Reproductions of the work (soft-ground etchings, heliogravures and aquatints, sometimes colored) are also held in other
Pornocrates
Tonal printmaking technique
a variant of etching that produces areas of tone rather than lines. For this reason it has mostly been used in conjunction with etching, to give both
Aquatint
paper. 13.25 × 9.5 inches. (BOUR-5926) CR# BO.8168. Yes (2004). Soft-ground etching, reworked with watercolor, gouache, and colored pencil: sheet, 22 5/8
List of artworks by Louise Bourgeois
List_of_artworks_by_Louise_Bourgeois
French Impressionist artist (1834–1917)
one of the first people to purchase her art, and he taught her soft-ground etching. He wrote her several letters, most asking her to come see him with
Edgar_Degas
English painter (1727–1788)
with printmaking using the then-novel techniques of aquatint and soft-ground etching. During the 1770s and 1780s Gainsborough developed a type of portrait
Thomas_Gainsborough
American artist
Karamu House. Between 1932 and 1933, Sallée also studied lithography and etching techniques at John Huntington Polytechnic Institute. Sallée was also awarded
Charles_L._Sallée_Jr
Dutch painter and engraver (c.1589 – c.1638)
England over a century later by Alexander Cozens (it is also called lift-ground etching). Hercules Seghers was probably best known to his contemporaries for
Hercules_Seghers
Method used to relatively precisely remove material in a controlled and fine fashion
Reactive-ion etching (RIE) is an etching technology used in microfabrication. RIE is a type of dry etching which has different characteristics than wet etching. RIE
Reactive-ion_etching
American painter (1928–2011)
aesthetic decision-making process. The print combines soft-ground etching, sugar-lift etching, and aquatint techniques, executed on Mauve handmade paper
Helen_Frankenthaler
Industrial process
Plasma etching is a form of plasma processing used to fabricate integrated circuits. It involves a high-speed stream of glow discharge (plasma) of an
Plasma_etching
American abstract expressionist painter, printmaker (1915–1991)
Robert Motherwell, Gray Open with White Paint, 1981, soft-ground etching and pochoir on gray Auvergne à la Main handmade paper, 20¼ × 26¼ in
Robert_Motherwell
French painter and artists' model (1865–1938)
Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. Degas also taught her the skill of soft-ground etching. After her 1895 marriage to the well-to-do banker Paul Mousis, Valadon
Suzanne_Valadon
Belgian Symbolist painter, sculptor and lithographer
1914–1918) Gas Masks (c. 1914–1918) The Massacre (c. 1914–1918), etching and soft-ground etching Dies irae (c. 1914–1918) Portrait of Henry de Groux by his
Henry_de_Groux
European imitation of Japanese art during the 19th and 20th centuries
Japanese artists who studied the imports. Kōkan created one of the first etchings in Japan which was a technique he had learned from one of the imported
Japonisme
Welsh archaeologist (1806–1870)
Soft ground etching by Longueville Jones of Tower, near Mold. Archaeolgia Cambrensis, 1846
Harry_Longueville_Jones
Very small devices that incorporate moving components
make electronics. These include molding and plating, wet etching (KOH, TMAH) and dry etching (RIE and DRIE), electrical discharge machining (EDM), and
MEMS
Italian-British artist (1760–1838)
Griffiths, &c. &c. (1802). Her numerous other plates, some in soft-ground etching, are held mostly by the British Library. Jefferson in Paris, 1995 movie
Maria_Cosway
French artist (1827–1886)
(November 27, 1827 – July 29, 1886) was a French artist known for his etchings and charcoal drawings (fusain). Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Maxime_Lalanne
English painter (1744-1797)
A view of the Fort of Agra in India, soft ground etching with aquatint, 1786
William_Hodges
Belgian illustrator and painter (1862–1934)
ink for etching, an ink that can be dissolved to expose the metal of the plate. Felicien Rops had been an early adopter of soft ground etching, using several
Armand_Rassenfosse
Belgian painter, sculptor and etcher
Oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, signed. La Dame au collier, no date. Soft-ground etching on paper, 33 x 56 cm, signed and titled. Private collection M.J. Waterloo
Henri_Joseph_Thomas
Group of techniques in printing
process is known as etching. In etching, for example, the plate is covered in a thin, acid-resistant resin or wax ground. Using etching needles or burins
Intaglio_(printmaking)
English painter
watercolours and a few oils, he turned to printmaking by way of etching, lithography and soft-ground etching. He was the brother of George Orleans Delamotte, landscape
William_Alfred_Delamotte
American artist (born 1957)
Lasansky learned the standard techniques of printmaking – hard- and soft-ground etching, engraving, aquatint, scraping and burnishing – from his father, and
Tomas_Lasansky
Process of creating artworks by printing
Leyden Etching is part of the intaglio family. In pure etching, a metal plate (usually copper, zinc, or steel) is covered with a waxy or acrylic ground. The
Printmaking
French painter
brasero (1892), pastel on cardboard Laundresses (Blanchisseuses) - Soft-ground etching and aquatint; printed in three colors (1893) Jeu des grâces dans la
Auguste-Louis_Lepère
Type of electronics manufacturing
speed the etching rate. In bubble etching, air is passed through the etchant bath to agitate the solution and speed up etching. Splash etching uses a motor-driven
Printed circuit board manufacturing
Printed_circuit_board_manufacturing
American painter
experimented with a variety of etching techniques, including hard-ground, soft-ground, aquatint, and color inking. In the etching medium, Hale worked on a more
Ellen_Day_Hale
Illustration printed with a steel plate
also used etching, where acid creates the lines in the plates in the pattern made by selectively removing a thin coating of acid-resistant ground by tools
Steel_engraving
Czech-American printmaker
Museum of Art, demonstrates the effect she achieved by combining soft ground etching with silk-screen printing. Harvard University Art Museums, the Honolulu
Marian_Korn
This is a descriptive list of erotic etchings and drawings by Thomas Rowlandson, based upon the research of Henry Spencer Ashbee published in his three-volume
List of erotica by Thomas Rowlandson
List_of_erotica_by_Thomas_Rowlandson
Czech artist (1877–1942)
Japanese printmaking techniques, in particular color aquatints with soft ground etching. Šimon was also a master of the mezzotint but completed very few prints
Tavík_František_Šimon
French engraver (c.1592–1635)
also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image, using lute-makers
Jacques_Callot
Technique in an intaglio print
with a burin, or through an etching process. Stippling was used as an adjunct to conventional line engraving and etching for over two centuries, before
Stipple_engraving
18th-century English architect
John Yenn by William Daniell, after George Dance, soft-ground etching, 17 November 1793
John_Yenn
Austrian-Swedish sculptor and painter
she published three acclaimed graphic folders in lithography and soft ground etching. During her years in Vienna, she participated in many exhibitions with
Pepi_Weixlgärtner-Neutra
Mexican-born American painter, printmaker and educator
'Liberty Club in the Sky', (2005) hard ground and spit bite aquatint and etching with drypoint by Chagoya
Enrique_Chagoya
American British illustrator and cartoonist
especially dry-point, soft-ground etching and aquatint. In the early years after World War II he undertook several etchings for his own delight while teaching
George_Worsley_Adamson
English painter
of every type of field and other sporting activity," and his soft-ground etchings were often colored by hand. When Alken was 26, he and his young family
Henry_Thomas_Alken
Welsh historical society
Tower, Broncoed, near Mold 1846. Soft Ground etching by Harry Longueville Jones, Archaeologia Cambrensis, vol. 1 (1846), p. 54
Cambrian Archaeological Association
Cambrian_Archaeological_Association
American multimedia artist (born 1937)
techniques, creating woodblock prints, spray-painted stencils, soft-ground etchings, and elaborate three-dimensional lithograph constructions. His 1973
Red_Grooms
German-American painter
member of the California Society of Etchers. In 1956 her colored, soft ground etching, L'Opera was exhibited in the Society of American Graphic Artists' (now
Irene_Aronson
English watercolour painter (1752–1797)
very technically accomplished, apparently combining aquatint and soft-ground etching. In 1794, at the age of 42 and three years before he died, he suffered
John_Robert_Cozens
German expressionist artist (1884-1966)
hard ground etchings, lithographs, and dry point. He continued making portraits in printmaking, such as a lithograph Theodor Dauber and an etching of Johannes
Ludwig_Meidner
American painter
relationship. Mairs' early works featured soft-ground etching, a process she often combined with aquatint. The etching process created textured masses and gave
Clara_Mairs
American painter (1834–1903)
transferred to the etching division of the United States Coast Survey. He lasted there only two months, but he learned the etching technique that later
James_McNeill_Whistler
hallmark of most of the Fort Worth Circle's prints was the use of soft ground etching, a technique taught to Dickson Reeder and Flora Blanc Reeder by Paris-based
Fort_Worth_Circle
British artist (1857–1945)
Maxwell Bank," a soft-ground etching "New moon over the Bure", aquatint "The Ferry over the Blyth," "Walberswick Pier," soft-ground "Dutch Greengrocery
Frank_Short
Ground level of a theatre
comes from the French par and terre and literally translated means "on the ground". The main meaning of the word is the front section of a formal garden,
Parterre_(theater_audience)
1990 series of 11 etchings by Keith Haring with Sean Kalish
(with Sean Kalish) is an untitled and unordered series of eleven untitled etchings, drawn between 1989 and 1990 by Keith Haring in collaboration with Sean
Untitled Series (with Sean Kalish)
Untitled_Series_(with_Sean_Kalish)
American artist, architect, and author
and author. Geerlings is known for his early-20th century architectural etchings, aquatints, and intaglio prints depicting the rise of American metropolises
Gerald_K._Geerlings
American artist (1921-2018)
with Anthony Gross. During that time, Colescott experimented with hard-ground etching while continuing his screenprinting; in a few instances, he combined
Warrington_Colescott
pour is commonly used to create a ground plane. Another reason for using copper pour is to reduce the amount of etching fluid used during manufacturing
Copper_pour
Motif produced on the ground; observable only from a height
Retrieved 30 July 2018. Tiffany May (19 Oct 2020). "2,000-Year-Old Cat Etching Found at Nazca Lines Site in Peru". The New York Times. Kennedy, David
Geoglyph
Type of industrial plasma source
chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)) and etching. Inductively coupled plasma Multipactor effect Plasma etching UK Wireless Telegraphy (Short Range Devices)
Capacitively_coupled_plasma
Type of engraving process
mirror finish. Methods were soon devised for differentially etching the image grains and the ground so that the daguerreotype could be used as a printing plate
Photoengraving
English painter
soft-ground etchings after drawings by Thomas Gainsborough (thirty-three by Laporte, the remainder by Wells). They initially issued these etchings as individual
William_Frederick_Wells
Emission of surface atoms through energetic particle bombardment
utilised in science and industry—there, it is used to perform precise etching, carry out analytical techniques, and deposit thin film layers in the manufacture
Sputtering
Girl with Black Cap Sitting on the Ground
List of works by Vincent van Gogh
List_of_works_by_Vincent_van_Gogh
Photograph made from a hand-drawn negative
their other work. Most were already etchers, at the start of the French etching revival. Unlike Corot and the others, it is thought that Daubigny did much
Cliché_verre
1990 suite of etchings by Keith Haring with text by William S. Burroughs
fifteen sheets. † Soft-ground and hard-ground etchings in black ink ‡ Photo-etched in red ink The complete series of eleven etchings is held in the permanent
The_Valley_(suite)
after etching. Signal traces are usually narrower than power or ground traces because the current carrying requirements are usually much less. Ground plane
Signal_trace
1977 suite of 20 etchings in colour by David Hockney
The Blue Guitar is a suite of twenty etchings with aquatint by David Hockney, drawn in 1976–77 and published in 1977 in London and New York by Petersburg
The_Blue_Guitar
1932 painting by Edward Hopper
Hopper had only sold two paintings, but there was still demand for his etchings, with Hopper producing dozens from 1915 to 1923. When the Academy elected
Room_in_Brooklyn
Air-to-ground & Ground-to-air Communication". AT&T Labs. Retrieved 2011-11-07. "Image 281 of the war of the nations : Portfolio in rotogravure etchings : Compiled
Air-to-ground_communication
British artist (1795–1880)
Monarch of the Glen (1852) and, his last work, The Font (1875). His soft-ground etchings complimented his brother's animal paintings, and sales of the popular
Thomas_Landseer
Type of translucent glass
Frosted glass is produced by the sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass. This creates a pitted surface on one side of the glass pane and has
Frosted_glass
English poet and artist (1757–1827)
method of relief etching, a method he used to produce most of his subsequent books, paintings, pamphlets and poems. Relief etching, or illuminated printing
William_Blake
Topics referred to by the same term
(printmaking), a group of printmaking techniques, including engraving and etching Intaglio (rock art) Intaglio (burial mound), a technique for decorating
Intaglio
German artist (1867–1945)
1945) was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking (including etching, lithography and woodcuts) and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including
Käthe_Kollwitz
Quaker, founder of the Religious Society of Friends (1614–1702)
She was buried in an unmarked grave in the Society of Friends' burial ground at Sunbrick, to the south of Birkrigg Common. The Margaret Fell room at
Margaret_Fell
German artist (1470–1536)
been the first to use etching in printmaking, at the end of the 15th century. He also worked in woodcut. Although his etchings were widely ignored by
Daniel_Hopfer
Board to support and connect electronic components
assigned to the U.S. Army. With the development of board lamination and etching techniques, this concept evolved into the standard printed circuit board
Printed_circuit_board
English participant in the Gunpowder Plot (1570–1606)
condemned would be drawn backwards to his death, by a horse, his head near the ground. They were to be "put to death halfway between heaven and earth as unworthy
Guy_Fawkes
2025 assassination in Orem, Utah, U.S.
What's known about Charlie Kirk shooting suspect's politics, bullet casing etchings". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on September 12, 2025. Retrieved
Assassination_of_Charlie_Kirk
State of matter
modern devices and technologies, such as plasma televisions or plasma etching. Depending on the physical conditions, a certain number of neutral particles
Plasma_(physics)
Series of philosophical aphorisms by William Blake
written in 1788. Following on from his initial experiments with relief etching in the non-textual The Approach of Doom (1787), All Religions are One and
All_Religions_are_One
Form of petroleum primarily used in road construction
during the manufacturing process. Bitumen is also commonly used as a ground in the etching process of intaglio printmaking. Bitumen is frequently utilized
Bitumen
American sculptor (1914–2006)
1945, Fuller produced her best- known print, a semi abstract soft- grounded etching called The Hen. Fuller was also included in the printmaking selection
Sue_Fuller
American printmaker
printmaking at KCAI. The History of Communication, Part Three is soft-ground etching and silkscreen print. Berman completed it in 2001 and it is in the permanent
Laura_Berman_(artist)
Print by Francisco Goya
etchings published in 1799 wherein Goya criticized the rampant political, social, and religious abuses of the time period. In this series of etchings
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
The_Sleep_of_Reason_Produces_Monsters
The following is a list of etchings by the Dutch painter and etcher Rembrandt, with the catalogue numbers of Adam Bartsch. Each change or addition to the
List_of_etchings_by_Rembrandt
Spanish painter and printmaker (1746–1828)
Other works from his mid-period include the Caprichos and Los Disparates etching series, and a wide variety of paintings concerned with insanity, mental
Francisco_Goya
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
without the use of solvents. Like ink jet material deposition, inkjet etching (IJE) deposits precise amounts of solvent onto a substrate designed to
OLED
Association football club in Spain
Masia. Salvador Dalí paid tribute to the club's 75th anniversary with an etching. In performing arts, music has also been present, from the tango that Gardel
FC_Barcelona
abrasion ISO 4212:2023 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys — Method of oxalic acid etching test for intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steel [original
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Scottish artist and printmaker (1859–1921)
and other art magazines. He worked in many techniques: etching, drypoint, mezzotint, sand-ground mezzotint, burin engraving, lithography and woodcut. He
William_Strang
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
methods such as ion etching may be required to perform final stage thinning. Certain samples may be prepared by chemical etching, particularly metallic
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
French revolutionary, lawyer and politician (1758–1794)
arrest of Cécile Renaud in the courtyard of Duplay's house on 22 May 1794, etching by Matthias Gottfried Eichler after a drawing by Jean Duplessis-Bertaux
Maximilien_Robespierre
Painting attributed to Leonardo da Vinci
composition of the 'Salvator Mundi' documented in Wenceslaus Hollar's etching of 1650; and its manifest superiority to the more than 20 known painted
Salvator_Mundi_(painting)
Two phonograph records on board Voyager spacecraft
Gardena, California Phonograph record Recording section Record etching Record etching Gold plating Gold plating Gold plating control Voyager 1 was launched
Voyager_Golden_Record
Capital of the Dutch East Indies
part of the city) and Weltevreden (the relatively newer city), on higher ground to the south. It was a European colonial city for about 320 years until
Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies
Mexican painter (1907–1954)
artistic expression. She experimented with different techniques, such as etching and frescos, and her paintings began to show a stronger narrative style
Frida_Kahlo
American glassware made in the Depression Era
platters, etc. were ground so they would sit evenly on a table. Many patterns of Elegant glass were embellished with acid etching, cutting, enamel decoration
Elegant_glass
Protection used in manufacturing and art
photolithography. Etching processes use a resist, though in these typically the whole object is covered in the resist (called the "ground" in some contexts)
Resist
British painter and engraver (1922–2011)
much larger. In his late career, he often followed a portrait with an etching of the subject in a different pose, drawing directly onto the plate, with
Lucian_Freud
Species of bird
as the 'Brown and Ash-colour'd Crane'. Edwards based his hand-colored etching on a preserved specimen that had been brought to London from the Hudson
Sandhill_crane
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
Boy/Male
Norse
Growing.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in coarse meal, Old English grūt, Old Norse grautr ‘porridge’.
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Hrafn the Foolish.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Midlands)
English (chiefly West Midlands) : nickname for a plump person, from Middle English, Old French rond, rund ‘fat’, ‘round’ (Latin rotundus).
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : probably a Middle English metathesized form of the Old French personal name Gondri, Gundric (see Gundry).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English p(o)und ‘enclosure (especially for confining animals)’; a topographic name for someone who lived near an enclosure in which animals were kept, or a metonymic occupational name for an official responsible for rounding up stray animals and placing them in a pound.Probably a translation of German Pfund or the North German cognate Pund.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Compare Grounds.Perhaps an Americanized form of German Grund.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumberland and Durham)
English (Northumberland and Durham) : nickname for a vain or haughty man, from Middle English prod, prud ‘proud’ (late Old English prūd, from the oblique form of Old French proz).
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Spear Defender
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gold.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Round.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bond
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps an occupational name for a maker of bottles or cups, from Old French gourde ‘water vessel’, ‘flask’, but possibly of the same derivation as 2.French : from Old French gourd ‘heavy’, ‘dull’, ‘sluggish’, hence a nickname for a slow lumbering person.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant of Brand 1.
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Thori.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : presumably a variant of Mount.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Spear Protector
Boy/Male
Hindu
Basil, Goddess Radha, Tulsi
Girl/Female
Swedish
Defender of man.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. There are four farms so named in Warwickshire, one in Oxfordshire, and one in Worcestershire, and the surname is most probably derived from one of these.
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Leafy
Female
Greek
(Ἀθήνη) Greek myth name of the goddess of wisdom. Plato fancifully derived her name from a-theo-noa, ATHENE means "mind of God," but the true meaning is unknown. Her Roman name is Minerva ("intellect").
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse VigdÃs, VIGDIS means "war goddess."
Girl/Female
French American
Feminine of Bernard, meaning strong as a bear, or bear hard.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Emily, EMILEE means "rival."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Steven. It is also found in this spelling as a Dutch and North German name, and as an Americanized form of some like-sounding Jewish name, as well as cognate names in other European languages such as Stefan and Steffen and their derivatives.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Free from Illusion; Undeluded
Boy/Male
Greek English
follower of Christ; the annointed.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of rope, especially the type of stout rope used in maritime applications, from Anglo-Norman French cable ‘cable’ (Late Latin capulum ‘halter’, of Arabic origin, but associated by folk etymology with Latin capere ‘to seize’).English : possibly from an Old English personal name, Ceadbeald.English : metonymic occupational name for a horseman, from Middle English cabal ‘horse’.From German Göbel (see Goebel), assimilated to the English name.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Jyothsna | ஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à¯à®¸à®¨à®¾Â
Light from the full Moon or Moon light
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
GROUND ETCHING
n.
Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown].
v. t.
To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn.
a.
Round.
n.
That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause.
adv.
On all sides; around.
imp. & p. p.
of Grind
a.
Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note.
v. t.
To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
imp. & p. p.
of Ground
adv. & a.
On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground.
v. i.
To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.
n.
Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground.
v. t.
To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
a.
Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.
v. t.
To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
prep.
On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass.
n.
An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians.
v. t.
To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
n.
Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.