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Medieval school of Roman law
12th-century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense. They studied Roman law based on the Digesta, the
Glossator
Graduate-entry professional degree in law
four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the glossator school in that city. This served as the model for other law schools of
Juris_Doctor
Italian poet and writer (1923–1977)
Institute. 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-02-09. "Glossator 11, Cristina Campo: translation/commentary". Glossator. 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2021-08-06. "The Unforgivable
Cristina_Campo
Type of undergraduate qualification
degrees were doctorates. The foundations of the first universities were the glossators of the 11th century, which were also schools of law. The first university
Bachelor_of_Laws
Type of real estate ownership right
which appears in medieval Roman law and is credited to 13th-century glossator Accursius; it was notably popularized in common law in Commentaries on
Air_rights
British poet (1936–2026)
Pollen. Barque Press, 2006. "Tintern Abbey, Once Again," by J. H. Prynne. Glossator 1 (2009). "Difficulties in the Translation of 'Difficult' Poems" by J
J._H._Prynne
Capital and largest city of Emilia-Romagna, Italy
originated as a centre for the study of medieval Roman law under major glossators, including Irnerius. It numbered Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarch among its
Bologna
Continuation of ancient Roman law in the late Middle Ages
contradictions. The commentators of the 12th and early 13th centuries, called glossators, such as Azo of Bologna and Accursius, produced large-scale harmonization
Medieval_Roman_law
10th century religious translator
Aldred the Scribe (also known as Aldred the Glossator) is the name by which scholars identify a tenth-century priest, otherwise known only as Aldred,
Aldred_the_Scribe
System of courts that interprets and applies the law
the Emperor and the Pope with regard to the old laws. This led to the Glossators to start translating and recreating the Corpus Iuris Civilis and create
Judiciary
Catholic scholar
1245), also Joannes Simeca Teutonicus and John Zimeke, was a Decretist glossator, best known for his glosses on Gratian's Decretum in collaboration with
Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke
Roman adaptation of the Greek divine hero Heracles
while the monsters he battles were regarded as moral obstacles. One glossator noted that when Hercules became a constellation, he showed that strength
Hercules
Hindu scholar
scholar and theologian in the Dvaita Vedānta tradition. He is a prolific glossator of the early 17th century. He is the follower of Uttaradi Math and the
Bidarahalli_Srinivasa_Tirtha
highest point of development of medieval Roman law. The school of the glossators in Bologna lost its vitality, resulting in the rise of a new school of
Postglossator
American black metal band
Retrieved March 16, 2020. Hideous Gnosis – Transcendental Black Metal. Glossator. March 8, 2010. p. 53. Retrieved June 6, 2011. Castillo, Arielle (March
Liturgy_(band)
Subgenre of heavy metal music
Nicola Masciandaro (ed.). Hideous Gnosis: Black Metal Theory Symposium. Glossator. pp. 106–108. Olson 2008, p. 129. Olson 2008, p. 4. Olson 2008, p. 50
Black_metal
Italian jurist (fl. 1150–1230)
influential Italian jurist and a member of the school of the so-called glossators. Born circa 1150 in Bologna, Azo studied under Joannes Bassianus and became
Azo_of_Bologna
Public university in Bologna, Italy
Susa (Hostiensis); Pope Innocent IX Irnerius, founder of the School of Glossators Joaquín Chapaprieta, former Prime Minister of Spain. Juan Fernando López
University_of_Bologna
Name list
Lindisfarne, 10th-century Northumbrian bishop Aldred the Scribe, 10th-century glossator Aldred Lumley, 10th Earl of Scarbrough, British peer and soldier Surname:
Aldred
Norse seafarers, merchants and raiders
to Old English Literature. p. 278 Sauer, Hans (2008). "How Anglo-Saxon Glossators Adapted Latin words and their world". The Journal of Medieval Latin. 18:
Vikings
Brief marginal notation of the meaning of a word or wording in a text
glosses is a glossary. A collection of medieval legal glosses, made by glossators, is called an apparatus. The compilation of glosses into glossaries was
Gloss_(annotation)
French sculptor
Visconti's Inverted Stoicism". Glossator: Practice and Theory of the Commentary: On the Love of Commentary. Glossator. ISBN 978-1-4664-3095-2. Retrieved
Victor_Huguenin
Italian jurist (d. 1192)
Placentinus (died 1192) was an Italian jurist and glossator. Originally from Piacenza, he taught at the University of Bologna. From there he founded the
Placentinus
Early Medieval Irish alphabet
or less forcefully reinterpreted as epithets of trees by the medieval glossators. McManus (1991, §3.15) discusses possible etymologies of all the letter
Ogham
Roman army officer and father of emperor Theodosius I
attributed to the praetorian prefect Maximinus, who was explicitly blamed in a glossator for Jerome. After Maximinus and his associates were removed from power
Theodosius_the_Elder
Law in Ancient Rome (c. 449 BC – AD 529)
was rediscovered in Italy. This was done mainly through the works of glossators who wrote their comments between lines (glossa interlinearis), or in the
Roman_law
Legal and philosophical theory that there are values inherent in nature
role in the diffusion of a contractual consentualism. First recognize by glossators and postglossators before the ecclesiastic courts, it was only in the
Natural_law
Middle English translations of the Bible
of Glossing: The Lord's Prayer (Pater noster) from Lindesfarne Gospels (698) with word-for-word Old English glosses (ca.970) by Aldred the Glossator
Wycliffe's_Bible
Collection of legal works codified by Justinian I of Byzantium
the so-called Four Doctors of Bologna, were among the first of the "glossators" who established the curriculum of medieval Roman law. The last and most
Corpus_Juris_Civilis
Apprentice in a printing establishment
of Handiworks, Applied to the Art of Printing. Cisco, Michael (2013). Glossator: Practice and Theory of the Commentary. Vol. 8. CreateSpace Independent
Printer's_devil
Legal system originating in Western Europe
turn influenced the main source of law. Eventually, the work of civilian glossators and commentators led to the development of a common body of law and writing
Civil_law_(legal_system)
Italian jurist
("lantern of the law"), was an Italian jurist, and founder of the School of Glossators and thus of the tradition of medieval Roman Law. He taught the newly recovered
Irnerius
Academic discipline
manuscript of Justinian's Digest was discovered there, prompting the glossators to begin teaching based on the preserved Roman law. Methodologically,
Legal_science
Italian jurist (1225–1293)
(1225–1293) was an Italian lawyer, the son of the celebrated jurist and glossator Accursius. The two are often confused. Born in Bologna, Franciscus was
Franciscus_Accursius
French black metal band
Masciandaro, Nicola (2010). Hideous Gnosis: Black Metal Theory Symposium 1. Glossator. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4505-7216-3. "PESTE NOIRE Interview 2021 PART 2 (France)"
Peste_Noire
Letter of the Ogham alphabet
"lightning". An alternative kenning has aire srábae "chief of streams", and glossators adhering to the "Tree Alphabet" base an identification with draigen "blackthorn"
Straif
Legal entity incorporated through a legislative or registration process
the recovery and annotation of Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis by the glossators and their successors the commentators in the 11th–14th centuries. Particularly
Corporation
Book of the Bible
Israel not be overridden by a lenient policy toward the Ninevites. For the glossator, Jonah's pro-Israel motivations correspond to Christ's demurral in the
Book_of_Jonah
Roman law digest
ISBN 9789004731929. Retrieved 21 March 2026. In the Middle Ages the glossators gave to the whole of Justinian's legislation the name Corpus iuris civilis
Digest_(Roman_law)
Legal code
the Byzantine one, the Bolognese jurisprudence and the thought of the glossators of the Catalan court culture, but above all the local juridical elaboration
Carta_de_Logu
Legal maxim: the court knows the law
legal systems. The maxim is first found in the writings of the medieval glossators about ancient Roman law. Iura novit curia means that the court alone is
Iura_novit_curia
Occitan dialect of central and southern France
"The Passion of Occitan", in Anna Klosowska and Valerie Wilhite (eds.), Glossator: Practice and Theory of the Commentary, Vol. 4: Occitan Poetry (2011)
Auvergnat
Textile made mainly from linen
man's front and back, with wounds consistent with crucifixion. Aldred the Glossator, a 10th-century priest, offered an explanation for the term "sindon" (i
Sindon_(cloth)
porch of the Cathedral of Clogher in his time, so he was probably the glossator mentioned above as the gloss occurs in the copy of the Martyrology which
Cermand_Cestach
American historian of science (born 1939)
Notably in his work on Shams al-Din al-Khafri (died 1550), a Safavid glossator of the writings of the astronomers of Maragha, about whom Saliba writes:
George_Saliba
European civil law through the discovery of The Authenticum by the medieval glossators in Bologna. It would be a concept that would influence medieval ideas
Lex_animata
Academic degree conferred for studies in law
doctorates. The foundations of the first universities in Europe were the glossators of the 11th century, which were schools of law. The first European university
Law_degree
Metaphor comparing a polity to a body
upon its recovery and annotation by the glossators beginning in the 11th century. It remained for the glossators' 13th century successors, the commentators—especially
Body_politic
12th-century Italian jurists
Doctors of Bologna (Latin: Quatuor Doctores) were Italian jurists and glossators of the 12th century, based in the University of Bologna: Bulgarus, Martinus
Four_Doctors_of_Bologna
Italian jurist (d. 1263)
published at Lyon in 1589, in six folio volumes. Apart from his work as a glossator, Accursius was also engaged very profitably as a legal consultant. He
Accursius
12th-century anthology of canon law
glosses were called "gloss apparatus" or Lectura in Decretum (see also glossator). Systematic commentaries were called Summae. Some of these Summae were
Decretum_Gratiani
Authentica, which Savigny regarded as one of the most precious works of the glossators. Joannes, as he is generally termed, was remarkable for his talent in
Joannes_Bassianus
Italian legal scholar (d. 1166)
of the University of Bologna and was regarded as the Chrysostom of the Glossators, being frequently designated by the title of the "Golden Mouth" (os aureum)
Bulgarus
Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, 13, 1873, pp. 415-417. E. Bernheim, Der Glossator der Gesta Berengarii imperatoris, Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte
Gesta_Berengarii_imperatoris
accuracy of the Corpus Iuris Civilis. Thus, they described the work of the glossators and commentators as a malignant cancer on the text. They particularly
Legal_humanists
12th-century song written by Bernart de Ventadorn
musico-literary commentary on Bernart de Ventadorn's 'Qan vei la laudeta mover'", Glossator: Practice and Theory of the Commentary, 4: 81–99 Hill, Thomas D. (1979)
Can_vei_la_lauzeta_mover
Tlatoani of Texcoco
of Tlatelolco who coincidentally shared his name, despite the Romances glossator and other sources claiming otherwise. Rather strangely, the version of
Nezahualcoyotl_(tlatoani)
Conventional division in Irish mythology
Érenn, although Macalister is dismissive of it as fiction invented by glossators. List of High Kings of Ireland Metrical Dindshenchas Celtic astrology
Mythological_Cycle
Catholic text of Canon law
The Decretum of Gratian is already called Corpus juris canonici by a glossator of the 12th century, and Innocent IV calls by this name the Decretales
Corpus_Juris_Canonici
Topics referred to by the same term
General of the Dominican order Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke (d. 1245) - glossator on the Decretum Gratiani Other uses include: Furor Teutonicus ("Teutonic
Teutonicus
Concept in the postmodern theory of social control
as capitalism, an economic category). Kantorowicz also refers to the Glossators who belonged to a well-known branch of legal schools in medieval Europe
Biopower
Law of the European Middle Ages
civilis of Justinian were reconstructed and studied by the school of the glossators, initiated by Irnerius in Bologna around the beginning of the 12th century
Medieval_law
Legal system of early medieval Ireland
material. There have been numerous questions about the degree to which such glossators understood the material they worked on. It is also possible that in some
Early_Irish_law
Letter of the Ogham alphabet
to the reddening of the face caused by intense emotion, and medieval glossators also refer to the practice of reddening the cheeks with the juice of plants
Ruis_(letter)
9th-century Croatian law document
disappearing as knowledge of Corpus Juris Civilis was growing by the activity of glossators, but they also linger at least in Italy even in the 9th century AD. Trpimir's
Charter_of_Duke_Trpimir
library where the glossary is prepared, partly in what they suggest the glossator's interests were. For instance, Theodore's interest in the works of Pope
Leiden_Glossary
1534 novel by François Rabelais
Adages and Pico della Mirandola. And yet, he mocks the exaggeration of the glossators and brings people back to the unsurpassable horizon of the letter by playing
Gargantua
Collection of annotations to the Corpus Iuris Civilis by Accursius
gifts during examination procedures. Accursius was part of the school of glossators in Bologna, who annotated the Corpus Iuris Civilis with glossa interlinearis
Glossa_ordinaria_(Accursius)
Czech television channel
moderated by Josef Klíma Polibte mi preference - a satirical show by glossator Zuzana Bubílková Tomáš Magnusek na cestách - talk show of the actor and
A11_TV
Letter of the Ogham alphabet
much like Gothic pairþra, qairþra, and may refer to "yew". The medieval glossators all assign "yew" as the meaning of the letter name referred to by the
Iodhadh
Borghi, Italian cognitive psychologist Irnerius, founder of the School of Glossators Valerio Massimo Manfredi, Italian historian, writer, archaeologist and
List of University of Bologna people
List_of_University_of_Bologna_people
French composer (c. 1460–1512/13)
Aspasia Stephanou; Ben Woodard (15 June 2012). Reza Negarestani (ed.). Glossator Practice and Theory of the Commentary. CreateSpace Independent Publishing
Antoine_Brumel
Roman Legal Concept
his use of the term are contested. In the commentaries of the medieval glossators and postglossators, which took Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis as their
Lex_regia_(imperial)
Italian jurist and writer (1492–1550)
to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators. He published many legal works, and some annotations on Tacitus and accumulated
Andrea_Alciato
Martinus Gosia was one of the glossators and a 12th-century Italian jurist, counted among the Four Doctors of Bologna, the others being Bulgarus, Hugo
Martinus_Gosia
Unit of Roman law
it comes to be known as the Authenticum, because Irnerius and other Glossators think it an official compilation made at Justinian's order. (It is also
Novellae_Constitutiones
13th century Bologna. Accursia would have been the daughter of the great glossator Accursio: according to Guido Panciroli, Accursia would also have taught
Accursia
Letter of the Ogham alphabet
used for a grandma. Look up ᚅ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The glossators of the Ogam Tract and the Auraicept na n-Éces seem to refer to at least
Nion
Italian canonist
for him the admiration of his contemporaries; so that he was styled "Glossator", and his work, commonly known as Glossa Ordinaria, became the fruitful
Bernard_of_Botone
German jurist (1877–1940)
Studies in the Glossators of the Roman Law. 1938 – via Internet Archive. with W. W. Buckland The Quaestiones disputatae of the Glossators, 1939## (Posthumous
Hermann_Kantorowicz
German lawyer and academic (born 1956)
Fundamina. Special edition). University of South-Africa, Pretoria 2014. The Glossators’ Monetary Law. In: John W. Cairns, Paul J. du Plessis (Hrsg.): The Creation
Wolfgang_Ernst
Judge of Arborea from 1383 to 1404
the Byzantine one, of Bolognese jurisprudence and of the thought of the glossators of the Catalan curial culture itself, above all of the local juridical
Eleanor_of_Arborea
Castilian medieval code of laws
important were the Corpus Iuris Civilis of Justinian; the works of the Roman glossators and commentators, for example Franciscus Accursius and Azzus; canon law
Siete_Partidas
Medieval Florentine knight
place of Buoso Donati il Vecchio [it]. The question widely debated by the glossators, albeit with some differences but substantially the same, is that this
Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
Gianni_Schicchi_de'_Cavalcanti
to be some connection to John Wycliffe as inspiration or instigator or glossator or translator — hence it often called Wycliffe's Bible or Wycliffite Bibles
Middle English Bible translations
Middle_English_Bible_translations
12th-century Anglo-Norman nobleman and sheriff
medieval English legal text, although whether by the original author or by a glossator, is unclear. His long career as a justice helped create a sense of continuity
Hugh_Bardulf
Hugo de Porta Ravennate was an Italian jurist, and member of the Glossators of Bologna. He came from a noble family who had residence in the city of Bologna
Hugo_de_Porta_Ravennate
Norse mythical character
legs, in which the stones of a hand-mill sit [...]. It is true that most glossators assume some meaning other than 'flour-bin' in Vafþrúðnismál and Snorra
Bergelmir
Jacobus de Boragine was one of the Glossators, and Four Doctors of Bologna. Jacobus was born in the early 12th century and was an Italian lawyer, one of
Jacobus_de_Boragine
Ancient school of Roman law, to 551 AD
lines. The Roman legal concepts resulting from the studies of these "glossators" spread to the universities and law courts of Europe. The Roman law revival
Law_school_of_Berytus
German translation of the Bible
exegetical work in the Prophezei. However, he was "himself the translator and glossator of the first Zurich partial editions"; his translation decisions, based
Zurich_Bible_of_1531
Method used to resolve issues on which there is no previous authority
tradition, the systematic use of analogy dates to medieval times, when the glossators and subsequent commentators used it to fill in gaps in the topics covered
Analogy_(law)
Letter of the Ogham alphabet
kennings for this letter value are quite cryptic. Medieval "arboreal" glossators assign crand fir no crithach "'true tree' or aspen" (Crann Creathach in
Eadhadh
Book by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
or al-maʿād. Ṭūsī's work has enjoyed the attention of commentators and glossators. The first was by his student al-Allama al-Hilli (d. 1325 CE), others
Tajrid_al-I'tiqad
Concept in medieval Roman law
needed to convict someone of a crime. The concept was introduced by the Glossators of the 1190s such as Azo, who gives such examples as a single witness
Half-proof
16th-century Spanish poetric work
and the first occurrence of a narrative device in which an author, the glossator in this case, claims to be correcting a previously existing version of
Carajicomedia
advantages. The foundations of the first universities in Europe were the glossators of the 11th century, which were schools of law. The first European university
Legal education in the United States
Legal_education_in_the_United_States
Retrieved 19 August 2012. Thompson, Edward Maunde (1885). "Aldred the Glossator (10th cent.)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 01. pp. 248–249
10th_century_in_literature
German sculptor (1845–1916)
Johann von Kröcher (an advisor to the Margrave) and Johann von Buch (Glossator of Sachsenspiegel). In Group 31 (1900), the statue was Frederick William
Karl_Begas
God and culture hero in Ainu mythology
disciple Kubodera [ja]. While the term kur strictly means "person", various glossators take this implicitly to mean a deity, as is the case with Chiri and others
Ae-oyna-kamuy
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
Boy/Male
Hindu
Without anger
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Biblical
Those who dwell in villages.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Joy
Male
Native American
Native American Omaha name EDITON means "standing as a sacred object."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intelligent
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Milk
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an impetuous or hot-headed man, from Middle English st(o)urdi ‘reckless’, ‘rash’ (a reduced form of Old French est(o)urdi, past participle of estourdir ‘to daze or stupefy’).
Boy/Male
American, British, Celtic, English
From the Narrow River; River Man; Keel Friend; Keel
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lamp
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
GLOSSATOR
n.
A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator.