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Non-Syriac writings using the Syriac alphabet
Garshuni or Karshuni (Syriac alphabet: ܓܪܫܘܢܝ, Arabic alphabet: كرشوني) are non-Syriac writings using the Syriac alphabet, most often being Arabic. The
Garshuni
Dialect of Malayalam written in a variant of Syriac alphabet
denominations. Thomas Koonammakkal is one of the most notable experts in Garshuni Malayalam studies. Over the centuries, Malayalam borrowed Eastern Syriac
Suriyani_Malayalam
Majority inhabitants of Syria
Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86083-3. Braida, Emanuela (2012). "Garshuni Manuscripts and Garshuni Notes in Syriac Manuscripts". Parole de l'Orient. 37. Holy
Syrians
Unicode character block
Anshuman (2015-04-21), Preliminary Proposal to Encode Syriac Letters for Garshuni Malayalam L2/15-149 Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader
Syriac_Supplement
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, three recipes for sulfuric acid occur in an anonymous Garshuni manuscript containing a compilation taken from several authors and dating
Sulfuric_acid
2000 book by Christoph Luxenberg
transcription errors, the Quran was - at least in part - initially written in Garshuni, that is, in Arabic using Syriac script and only later transcribed into
The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran
The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran
Writing system
other set of letters (known as Garshuni) influenced the style of modern Arabic script. After this initial period, Garshuni writing has continued to the
Arabic_script
Writing system
alphabet was not yet widespread; such writings are usually called Karshuni or Garshuni (ܓܪܫܘܢܝ). In addition to Semitic languages, Sogdian was also written with
Syriac_alphabet
8th-century Syriac chronicle from Upper Mesopotamia
Arabisms are similar to Garshuni, but rather than Garshuni's Arabic words being directly transliterated using the Syriac alphabet, they are "Syriacized"
Chronicle_of_Zuqnin
Last book of the New Testament
is an 18th-century manuscript about the book of Revelation written in Garshuni (Arabic written in Syriac script). Jewish Encyclopedia Bible: Revelation
Book_of_Revelation
Apocryphal pseudepigraphical text of the Old Testament
concerning the prophet Jeremiah. It is preserved in Coptic, Arabic, and Garshuni manuscripts. It was most likely originally written in Greek sometime between
History of the Captivity in Babylon
History_of_the_Captivity_in_Babylon
79th patriarch and 12th-century saint & chronicler of the Syriac Orthodox Church
rendering of the Syriac original. The Chronicle was also translated into Garshuni (Arabic in Syriac script) by John Shuqayr (Hanna al-Sadadi), metropolitan
Michael_the_Syrian
People of Lebanon
p. 244. ISBN 978-0-299-03944-8. Braida, Emanuela (2012). "Garshuni Manuscripts and Garshuni Notes in Syriac Manuscripts". Parole de l'Orient. 37. Holy
Lebanese_people
Oriental Orthodox Church
Egypt by the 11th century. Syriac Orthodox clergy wrote in Arabic using Garshūni, a Syriac script in the 15th century and later adopted the Arabic script
Syriac_Orthodox_Church
Using the script of one language to write another
métagrammatisme has also been proposed. The term "garshunography" comes from Garshuni, a term of uncertain origin that refers to the writing of the Arabic language
Garshunography
Valley in North Governate, Lebanon
on the left in Arabic, but written in Syriac letters, which is known as Garshuni. Saydet Hawqa is situated at an altitude of 1150m between Qannubin and
Kadisha_Valley
Third letter of many Semitic alphabets
within it to represent the borrowed phoneme [d͡ʒ] (ܓ̰ܡܵܠ), which is used in Garshuni and some Neo-Aramaic languages to write loan and foreign words from Arabic
Gimel
Jewish varieties of Arabic language
Judeo-Algerian Arabic Letter of the Karaite elders of Ascalon Arab Jews Haketia Garshuni Judeo-Arabic at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Khan, Geoffrey (2017-09-01)
Judeo-Arabic
lingua franca and of Garshuni Malayalam. According to his university profile, he knows Ancient Greek, Latin, Classical Syriac, Garshuni Malayalam and Church
István_Perczel
Syriac Orthodox Church bishop and scholar (died 1171)
Studies: Editions and Translations of Christian Documents in Syriac and Garshūni" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 11 (1): 110–231. doi:10.7227/BJRL
Dionysius_bar_Salibi
copied on Cyprus by Ṣalībā ibn Yūḥannā in August 1336. The latest is a Garshuni copy from 1856. In addition, the letter is quoted in full by Ibn Taymiyya
Letter from the People of Cyprus
Letter_from_the_People_of_Cyprus
First century leading authority on Jewish law in the Sanhedrin
Reasonably complete manuscripts of Laha Maryam exist in both Geʽez and Garshuni versions. Regardless of whether Laha Maryam quotes a lost gospel, Gamaliel
Gamaliel
Text of the biblical Old Testament
but we have Sahidic Coptic manuscripts and, even if less ancient, Arabic Garshuni manuscripts Book of Baruch Book of Jeremiah 2 Baruch 3 Baruch Rest of the
4_Baruch
Christian religious rite
Syriac and Epistles and Gospels in Syriac with an Arabic translation, in Garshuni (Propaganda Press fol., Rome, 1767). A new and revised edition, containing
East_Syriac_Rite
Set of Christian apocalyptic texts
the 15th century or later. There are copies of the prophecy written in Garshuni, that is, Arabic in the Syriac script. Nothing is known about the author
Arabic_Sibylline_prophecy
translations of the Bible are found in Greek, Hebrew, Samaritan, and Syriac (Garshuni) script. Arabic versions of biblical books were not confined to their original
Bible translations into Arabic
Bible_translations_into_Arabic
Indian ethnoreligious group
2010. Frykenberg (2008), pp. 134–136. Perczel, István (September 2014). "Garshuni Malayalam: A Witness to an Early Stage of Indian Christian Literature"
Saint_Thomas_Christians
Alphabet of the Arabic language
Arabic books to use movable type in the Middle East. The monks employed Garshuni, the practice of writing Arabic using the Syriac script, usually by Christians
Arabic_alphabet
Unicode character block
Syriac Major alphabets Estrangela Serto or West Syriac Eastern Syriac Garshuni (Arabic) Neo-Aramaic Assigned 77 code points Unused 3 reserved code points
Syriac_(Unicode_block)
Genre of religious texts
Mingana (Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni, vol. 1, Cambridge 1927, pp. 138–287). Čéplö, Slavomir. “The Life of John
Infancy_gospels
115th Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1847–1871)
with Syriac fonts and published two books. The first was a prayer book in Garshuni and the second was the book of Psalms in Syriac. After he finished printing
Ignatius_Jacob_II
Canadian non-profit organization
Science. The CCED worked with the Harrak Collection of Iraqi Syriac and Garshuni inscriptions, the largest corpus of its type in the world. These inscriptions
Canadian Centre for Epigraphic Documents
Canadian_Centre_for_Epigraphic_Documents
Neo-Aramaic varieties
Malayalam. Such non-Syriac languages written in Syriac script are called Garshuni or Karshuni. The Madnhāyā, or 'eastern', version formed as a form of shorthand
Suret_language
Catholic university in Jounieh, Lebanon
Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Ancient Greek, Syriac, and Garshuni. Special collections include approximately 2,000 manuscripts, handwritten
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
Holy_Spirit_University_of_Kaslik
Process of growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations
Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03944-8. Braida, Emanuela (2012). "Garshuni Manuscripts and Garshuni Notes in Syriac Manuscripts". Parole de l'Orient. 37. Holy
Arabization
Cultural movement in the Arab world (19th–20th centuries)
Qozhaya in Lebanon and dates back to 1610. It printed books in Syriac and Garshuni (Arabic using the Syriac alphabet). The first printing press with Arabic
Nahda
Syriac Christian apochrypha
preserved in multiple manuscripts. Six manuscripts written in either Syriac or Garshuni dated from the nineteenth century and are stored at the Library of the
Acts_of_Mar_Mari
Extinct or dormant Aramaic dialect of Lebanon
loanwords from European languages such as Italian and French. Turoyo language Garshuni Cypriot Maronite Arabic Language attrition Language revitalization Wardini
Lebanese_Aramaic
6th–7th century Syriac pseudepigrapha
insertion of a "Testament of Adam". A second Arabic recension, written in Garshuni, is closer to the Syriac source. The Ethiopic (መዝገብ ገዛ; Baʿāta Mazāgebet)
Cave_of_Treasures
2011 book by Keith E. Small
written transmission of the Quran, such as the use of the Syriac alphabet in Garshuni. In his review, Larry Hurtado endorses Small's conclusions. "In Small's
Textual Criticism and Qurʼān Manuscripts
Textual_Criticism_and_Qurʼān_Manuscripts
Maronite monastery in Lebanon
on the left in Arabic, but written in Syriac letters, which is known as Garshuni. In 1708, it was handed down to the newly formed Lebanese Maronite Order
Monastery_of_Qozhaya
Coptic Christian romance
manuscript copied in Garshuni (that is, Arabic in Syriac script). This was the earliest version known in Europe. A longer Garshuni version translated from
Legend_of_Hilaria
American Syriacist
acts of Saint George and the story of his father: from the Syriac and Garshuni versions, 2009. Introduction to Syriac Spirantization, Rukkâkâ and Quššâyâ
George_Kiraz
series Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshūni. Writings of the early Christians of the 2nd century. Yale Studies in English
Lists of English translations from medieval sources
Lists_of_English_translations_from_medieval_sources
Idiom for knowledge not understandable
yaḥki Karšūni [ˈjaħki karˈʃuːni] He's speaking Syriac. Syriac, using the Garshuni (Arabic) script as a reference to it. The verb in the example can be conjugated
Greek_to_me
9th-century royal grant issued to a Syrian Christian merchant in Kerala, India
seemingly complete transcripts of the inscription are extant. These are the Garshuni Malayalam script transcript (17th century) and the French text of du Perron
Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates
Greek Christian text
The Second Apocalypse was early translated into Arabic. At least three Garshuni copies were known to Giuseppe Simone Assemani, indicating that the text
Second_Apocalypse_of_John
Christian monk and saint (250–327)
population of Kfarsghab. The achievement of this renovation is attested by a Garshuni stone inscription in Syriac placed over the main entrance that reads as
Awtel
New Testament apocrypha
Mingana (Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni, vol. 1, Cambridge 1927, pp. 138–287). Čéplö, Slavomir. “The Life of John
Life_of_John_the_Baptist
99th Patriarch of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1557–1576)
Compendium novae rationis restituendi Kalendarium of 1577 was written in Garshuni in a small book (210x150mm, 55 folios) and consisted of twenty-two sections
Ignatius_Ni'matallah
Head of the Maronite Church from 1581 to 1597
is unknown; the first written reference is found in a marginal note in Garshuni in Rabbula Gospels of 1154.] [The Jesuits had already brought in 1579 two
Sarkis_Rizzi
4th century Syriac-Christian theologian and author
Thoma Darmo Baselios Paulose II Languages Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Garshuni Hertevin Koy Sanjaq Christian Mlaḥsô Senaya Syriac Malayalam Syriac (Liturgical)
Aphrahat
Copto-Arabic treatise against Islam
Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Syriaque 203. It is written in Garshuni, that is, Arabic in Syriac script, specifically of the Serto variety. The
Kitab_al-wadih_bi-l-haqq
5th-century Roman-Egyptian Christian ascetic
the Georgian, plus two copies of the Arabic epitome, including one in Garshuni. Commandments (Ἐντολαὶ, Entolai) is an ascetic treatise that is known in
Stephen_of_Thebes
9th-century Syrian monk
Arabic fragments, as well as a nineteenth-century Arabic manuscript in Garshuni script. This popular passage was translated into Old Church Slavonic no
Leontius_of_Damascus
Municipality in Şırnak, Turkey
1748 behind the right wing of the altar; his grave and an inscription in Garshuni was still extant when visited by Aphrem Barsoum in 1910. A number of archbishops
Cizre
Eparch of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Los Angeles
Thoma Darmo Baselios Paulose II Languages Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Garshuni Hertevin Koy Sanjaq Christian Mlaḥsô Senaya Syriac Malayalam Syriac (Liturgical)
Abdallah_Elias_Zaidan
(translation of this book in the Vulgate Latin to Arabic transcribed in Garshuni); Comment of the prologue of the Gospel according to St. John; Art Writ
Gabriel_ibn_al-Qilai
Hazzāya. In Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshūni (1927). Translated and edited by Iraqi historian Alphonse Mingana (1878–1937)
List of English translations from medieval sources: A
List_of_English_translations_from_medieval_sources:_A
Indian priest, syriacist, scholar, and church historian
language (in Parole de l'Orient (volume 46), 2020) Perczel, István (2014). "Garshuni Malayalam: A Witness to an Early Stage of Indian Christian Literature"
Thomas_Koonammakkal
Literature written by Copts in Arabic
that time. The same practice in the case of Syriac script is known as Garshuni. The Copto-Arabic Sayings was probably created by one who spoke Arabic
Copto-Arabic_literature
Christians from Kerala, India
2010. Frykenberg (2008), pp. 134–136. Perczel, István (September 2014). "Garshuni Malayalam: A Witness to an Early Stage of Indian Christian Literature"
Saint Thomas Christian denominations
Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations
Syriac Orthodox monk and bishop
Yuhanon Dolabani, is in Mardin. A translation into Arabic is found in Garshuni script in a manuscript of Jerusalem. It is based on the Damascus copy,
Theodotus_of_Amida
his theory that a proto-Quran was initially written in Syriac script (Garshuni).:579 Through philological analysis Luxenberg identifies four groups of
Christoph_Luxenberg
7th-century Arabian Christian monk
version survives both complete and abridged and in both Arabic script and Garshuni. The Commentary on the Paradise was also translated from Arabic into Ethiopic
Dadisho_Qatraya
Bishop and Scholar
scholarly and technical terms, including both Syriac words and Greek words in Garshuni (Syriac transliteration). The explanations are usually in Syriac but include
Hasan_bar_Bahlul
Current eparch of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn (born 1955)
Thoma Darmo Baselios Paulose II Languages Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Garshuni Hertevin Koy Sanjaq Christian Mlaḥsô Senaya Syriac Malayalam Syriac (Liturgical)
Gregory_John_Mansour
11th-century archbishop
Syriac Language' ). The Arabic sections of the book were written using Garshuni, a transliteration of Arabic into the Syriac alphabet. The work was further
Elijah_of_Nisibis
10th-century Christian apocalyptic text
(1930). "Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshūni, edited and translated with a critical apparatus". Bulletin of the John
Arabic_Apocalypse_of_Peter
Malayalam (1863), in Malayalam. Thomas Koonammakkal – Syriacist and expert in Garshuni Malayalam. Aimee Nezhukumatathil – poet and essayist Meena Alexander –
List of Saint Thomas Christians
List_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians
Syriac Orthodox facility in Turkey
monastery contain eyewitness accounts of the atrocities in Syriac, Arabic and Garshuni. There were widespread killings of men, women, childrenm and clergy; burnings
Mor_Hananyo_Monastery
necessarily exhaustive) list of eleven manuscripts, including three in Garshuni. Teule & Swanson 2011, pp. 280–281. Walzer 1985, pp. 22–24; Teule & Swanson
Yahya_ibn_Jarir
120th Patriarch of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1933-1957)
Patriarch Aphrem was reading few manuscripts he discovered a book written in Garshuni that was sent to the people of Mardin from the people of Homs in 1852.
Ignatius_Aphrem_I
Iraqi Syriac Catholic prelate (born 1951)
Thoma Darmo Baselios Paulose II Languages Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Garshuni Hertevin Koy Sanjaq Christian Mlaḥsô Senaya Syriac Malayalam Syriac (Liturgical)
Yousif_Habash
Indian usage of the East Syriac Rite
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 415–436. Perczel, István (2014). Garshuni Malayalam: A Witness to an Early Stage of Indian Christian Literature.
Syro-Malabaric_Rite
Maronite Christian family from Lebanon
1730, according to an inscription in the Arabic vernacular language and Garshuni script now located to the left of the western entrance of the 20th century
House_of_al-Dahdah
script in Egypt, and Vatican MS Vat. ar. 657, copied in 1692 in East Syriac Garshuni in Iraq. The authorship of this work is disputed. A note in the Vatican
Eliya_ibn_ʿUbaid
(1878–1937). In Woodbrooke Studies: Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshūni, Volume VII (1934), pp. 70–143, 201–247. Dafydd ap Gwilym. Dafydd ap Gwilym
List of English translations from medieval sources: D
List_of_English_translations_from_medieval_sources:_D
Jesuit-founded research collection, Beirut
Arabic, Christian and Muslim manuscripts, as well as manuscripts in Syriac, Garshuni, Latin, Greek, Turkish, Persian, Armenian, Coptic and Hebrew. The library
Bibliothèque Orientale (Saint Joseph University)
Bibliothèque_Orientale_(Saint_Joseph_University)
20th-century Syriacist and scholar
titled Woodbrooke Studies: Christian documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshūni. The volumes are: Vol. 1. Barṣalībi's Treatise against the Melchites; Genuine
Alphonse_Mingana
Thoma Darmo Baselios Paulose II Languages Sureth Turoyo Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Garshuni Hertevin Koy Sanjaq Christian Mlaḥsô Senaya Syriac Malayalam Syriac (Liturgical)
Robert_Joseph_Shaheen
Anonymous Syriac encyclopedia
in the Church of the East. There is an Arabic translation known from a Garshuni manuscript. Karl Kayser [de] published an edition of the Syriac text under
Cause_of_All_Causes
Christian bishop
Studies collection of early Christian Documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshuni. It states that, during the patriarchate of Shahlupa and Papa, David visited
David_of_Basra
Village in Batman Province, Turkey
1909, an additional structure was added to the monastery according to a Garshuni inscription on the portal on the south side of the monastery. The monastery
Ayrancı,_Beşiri
107th Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1709–1723)
later found by Patriarch Ignatius George V in 1825 and copied again in Garshuni. He also composed a short grammar book in Syriac in 15 chapters on etymology
Ignatius_Isaac_II
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
Boy/Male
African, Indian, Parsi, Sanskrit
Worth Going to; Wealth; Household; Offspring; Life
Male
Norse
Old Norse name ÃRNI means "eagle."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Love; Rain
Boy/Male
Australian, Hebrew, Jewish
David's Son
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Modern, Punjabi, Sikh
Cloud; Immaculate Being
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Herb Garden
Female
Slovene
Slovene form of Roman Latin Claudia, KLAVDIJA means "lame."Â
Girl/Female
British, English
Lighthearted; Happy
Girl/Female
Sikh
Olive, Fiery, Sower of seeds
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Prince
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI
GARSHUNI