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Military strategy of the Kennedy administration
Flexible response was a defense strategy advocated by John F. Kennedy and implemented by his Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1961 to address the
Flexible_response
Topics referred to by the same term
appliances Flexible electronics Flexible response Flexible-fuel vehicle Flexible rake receiver Flexible AC transmission system Semi-flexible rod polymer
Flexible
Military doctrine focusing on using more force in retaliation to an attack
perception in his presidential campaign by championing a new strategy, flexible response, that would develop the US's ability to fight limited wars. After
Massive_retaliation
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
possibility of nuclear war, Kennedy implemented a defense strategy known as flexible response. This strategy relied on multiple options for responding to the Soviet
John_F._Kennedy
Political and military tactic
own defense. Fundamentally, the notion of flexible response was to "increase the ability to confine the response to non-nuclear weapons." The Korean War
Brinkmanship
Sister of John F. Kennedy (1918–2005)
and difficult", according to the recollection of her sister Eunice. In response to these issues, her father arranged a lobotomy on her in 1941, when she
Rosemary_Kennedy
1962 proposed U.S. false flag operation against American citizens
to include requisite preliminary actions such as had been developed in response to Task 33 c, could be executed as an initial effort to provoke Cuban reactions
Operation_Northwoods
1974 alteration of U.S. nuclear strike policy
responded to in-kind. As a result of these technical changes, the idea of flexible response ossified, while mutually assured destruction (MAD) became the primary
Schlesinger_Doctrine
American politician and lawyer (1925–1968)
the first place, and often become bogged down in bureaucracy and lack flexibility. The Kennedy administration backed U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia
Robert_F._Kennedy
U.S. presidential administration from 1961 to 1963
a global nuclear war, Kennedy implemented a new strategy known as flexible response. This strategy relied on conventional arms to achieve limited goals
Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy
assure the survival and the success of liberty.' Kennedy's strategy of flexible response, managed by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, was aimed to reduce
Foreign policy of the Kennedy administration
Foreign_policy_of_the_Kennedy_administration
Nuclear weapons used on strategic targets outside of battlefields
deterrence and would become the basis of the US strategic arsenal. Flexible response was a defense strategy first implemented by President John F. Kennedy
Strategic_nuclear_weapon
American businessman and government official (1916–2009)
instituted a Cold War defense strategy of flexible response, which anticipated the need for military responses short of massive retaliation. During the
Robert_McNamara
Former U.S. Army command with a mission of high readiness, active in the 1960s
rather than a true designation. The additional mission was to provide a flexible strike capability that could deploy worldwide on short notice without declaration
Strategic_Army_Corps
Rural Vietnamese anti-communist strategy
‘flexible response’ program, which would increase the spectrum of military responses available to the U.S. to fight counterinsurgency. This response aimed
Strategic_Hamlet_Program
Topics referred to by the same term
different appropriate behavioural responses a person can make in situations that they face. Cognitive flexibility, the ability to switch between thinking
Flexibility
2000 US film directed by Roger Donaldson
they are not carrying weapons. The Soviet Union sends mixed messages in response. Off the shores of Cuba, the Soviet ships turn back from the quarantine
Thirteen_Days_(film)
1961 failed landing operation of Cuba
administration for allowing communism to flourish so close to the U.S. In response, Nixon revealed plans for an embargo against Cuba, but the Democrats criticized
Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion
Concept of conventional warfare escalating to nuclear warfare
initiating a nuclear war.[citation needed] In 1967, NATO also adopted the 'flexible response' policy, which had been recently developed by the United States. This
Nuclear_escalation
1963 assassination in Dallas, Texas
rifle" on the sixth floor of the depository during the assassination; in response, Harkness radioed that he was sealing off the depository. Witness Howard
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy
De jure independent foreign aid agency
agencies Office of Transition Initiatives POPLINE Strengthening Emergency Response Abilities (SERA) Project The INFO Project United States foreign aid United
United States Agency for International Development
United_States_Agency_for_International_Development
Ability to switch thinking about two concepts
behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. The term cognitive flexibility is traditionally
Cognitive_flexibility
1963 speech by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in West Berlin
president's German line; Kennedy was obviously relieved at the crowd's positive response and thanked Weber for his translation. Weber translated this compliment
Ich_bin_ein_Berliner
1960s was largely the result of the company's skillful marketing and flexible response to customer demand. In 1962, the Filet-O-Fish sandwich, billed as
History_of_McDonald's
Book by John F. Kennedy
government to take steps to prevent World War II and its initial lack of response to Adolf Hitler's threats of war. Rather than castigating the popular appeasement
Why_England_Slept
US national security policy
still that of economy, but a shift toward what would later be called "flexible response" had begun. The new approach was embodied in NSC 5440 (approved as
New_Look_(policy)
Book by John F. Kennedy
public man. Nixon wrote his book Six Crises (1962) in response to Profiles in Courage. In response to criticism that the book included only men, in 1958
Profiles_in_Courage
Law of Ontario, Canada
The Reopening Ontario (A Flexible Response to COVID-19) Act, 2020 (French: Loi de 2020 sur la réouverture de l'Ontario (mesures adaptables en réponse
Reopening_Ontario_Act
U.S. international development program since 1961
serving in South Africa, created First Response Action, an advocacy group for a stronger Peace Corps response for volunteers who are survivors or victims
Peace_Corps
format decided was: Eight minute opening statements Two and a half minute responses to questions Optional rebuttal three minute closing statements. Nixon
1960 United States presidential debates
1960_United_States_presidential_debates
Submarine-launched ballistic missile
that argued for the strategic bomber and ICBM as key elements in flexible response. Polaris formed the backbone of the US Navy's nuclear force aboard
UGM-27_Polaris
Temporary defense committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis
signs of weakness and attempts at cooperation. This can be seen in the response of the hawkish Joint Chiefs of Staff to the crisis as well as Kennedy himself
EXCOMM
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
forces to save money. Kennedy implemented a new strategy known as flexible response. This strategy relied on conventional arms to achieve limited goals
Cold_War
1962 confrontation between the US and USSR
primarily an Air Force and Navy carrier operation, was designed with enough flexibility to do anything from engaging individual missile sites to providing air
Cuban_Missile_Crisis
Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier (active 1968–2007)
signing of the Paris Peace Accords. John F. Kennedy was involved in the Navy response to the Yom Kippur War in the Middle East in October 1973, with her actions
USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)
U.S. foreign policy doctrine
1962 ratification of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, July 1963 Flexible response Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy at the Avalon Project at Yale
Kennedy_Doctrine
Military unit
January 1999 Wilson, John B. (1998). "Chapter XI: A New Direction – Flexible Response". Maneuver and Firepower:The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades
194th Armored Brigade (United States)
194th_Armored_Brigade_(United_States)
Catatonia psychomotor symptom
decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture. If one were to move the arm of someone with waxy flexibility, the patient
Waxy_flexibility
Vehicle that runs on multiple fuels
A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion
Flexible-fuel_vehicle
Cold War incident in divided Berlin
assertive public statements less credible to the Soviets. Kennedy decided on a flexible policy proposed by his younger advisors, with only a few concessions to
Berlin_Crisis_of_1961
Memorial in the United States
called the monument "a disappointing product of the city's ambivalent response to the events of November 1963" and said that Johnson lacked "an animating
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial
John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial
1960 revision of the US Republican Party platform by Richard Nixon and Nelson Rockefeller
spending on U.S. nuclear capability as well as the establishment of a flexible response force to deal with armed conflicts. In addition, the document supports
Treaty_of_Fifth_Avenue
Intercontinental ballistic missile
something US politicians considered to be a serious problem (part of the flexible response doctrine). Even if the Soviets attacked only the bombers, the US would
LGM-118_Peacekeeper
U.S. political event held in Los Angeles, California
"JFK's kid brother" would brashly urge him to stay off the ticket. In response to his blunt confrontation with Robert Kennedy, Johnson called JFK to confirm
1960 Democratic National Convention
1960_Democratic_National_Convention
Resistance to deformation in response to force
resists deformation in response to an applied force. The inverse of stiffness is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff
Stiffness
United States military command structure
terror, and define the force of the future. Strategic deterrence Decisive response A combat-ready force Embrace strategic deterrence, consisting of innovative
United States Strategic Command
United_States_Strategic_Command
operations, also known as multiskilling, involves training employees for flexible response to changing production schedules. Cross-training has been closely
Cross-training_(business)
American long-range, subsonic cruise missile
April 2021. Burgess, Richard (2 February 2018). "Nuke Posture: More Flexible Response Posed for Navy Submarines". Sea Power. Archived from the original
Tomahawk_missile
Policymaking body within NATO
Michael (1983). Theater nuclear weapons and the NATO strategy of flexible response. ISBN 0-8330-0475-1. OCLC 636491394. Lovell, John P.; Kronenberg,
NATO_Nuclear_Planning_Group
Laser-guided aerial bomb family
precisionstrike.org. Retrieved 2019-09-25. Poole, Walter (2013). Adapting to Flexible Response, 1960-1968. Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense
Paveway
Shared transport services based only on demand without fixed routes or timetables
transit, demand-responsive service, Dial-a-Ride transit (sometimes DART), flexible transport services, Microtransit, Non-Emergency Medical Transport (NEMT)
Demand-responsive_transport
Metabolic flexibility is the capacity to alter metabolism in response to exercise or available fuel (especially fats and carbohydrates). Metabolic inflexibility
Metabolic_flexibility
Laboratory near Santa Fe, New Mexico
priorities spanning nuclear security, intelligence, defense, emergency response, nonproliferation, counterterrorism, energy security, emerging threats
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory
Computer software to manage projects
Agile project management concept and focused on adaptive planning and flexible response to changes. In 2006, users were already able to trigger total cost
Project_management_software
Type of manufacturing system
A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in case of
Flexible_manufacturing_system
Chess opening
1...Nf6 is a move that is likely to be made anyway, the move is a flexible response to White's first move. White usually plays 2.c4. Then Black tends
Queen's_Pawn_Game
Aspect of learning procedure
classical conditioning refers to the process of an automatic, conditioned response that is paired with a specific stimulus. It is essentially equivalent to
Classical_conditioning
Military unit
July 2010. Wilson, John B. (1998). "Chapter XI: A New Direction – Flexible Response". Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate
197th Infantry Brigade (United States)
197th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)
First laser-guided aerial bomb
Post. Retrieved 11 April 2021. Poole, Walter (2013). Adapting to Flexible Response, 1960-1968. Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense
BOLT-117
Contract involving additional payment to allow for risk and incentive sharing
Contracting" (PDF). www.csis.org. Poole, Walter S. (2013). Adapting to Flexible Response 1960-1968. History of Acquisition in the Department of Defense. Washington
Cost-plus_contract
1963 protest against racial integration of schools in Alabama
American students attempting to enter: Vivian Malone and James Hood. In response, Democratic President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 11111, which
Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door
Military unit
adapted to the missions performed and are meant to confer a highly flexible response capacity. The Special Intervention Brigade is equipped with the following:
Brigada Specială de Intervenție a Jandarmeriei
Brigada_Specială_de_Intervenție_a_Jandarmeriei
1964 film directed by Stanley Kubrick
war. With this reasoning, Kahn became one of the architects of the flexible response doctrine which, while superficially resembling MAD, allowed for the
Dr._Strangelove
2012 non-fiction book by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard
of Communism, and the potential threat from organized crime. Critical response to Killing Kennedy was mixed, with The New York Times writing that the
Killing_Kennedy
Phenomena of sensory perception
crinkling and crumpling of a flexible material such as paper, or writing. Many YouTube videos that are intended to trigger ASMR responses feature a single person
ASMR
Inner state causing goal-directed behavior
paired with the claim that it leads to flexible behavior in contrast to blind reflexes or fixed stimulus-response patterns. This is based on the idea that
Motivation
Storage container
interaction effects on and dynamic response of pressure vessels and tanks subjected to dynamic loading, 2007 (rigid and flexible tanks) Australian Government
Flexible_tank
American foreign policy
Michael Legge, "Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response" (RAND Corporation, 1983) online "Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
Foreign policy of the Carter administration
Foreign_policy_of_the_Carter_administration
US Army National Guard formation
– Flexible Response". History.army.mil. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2012. "Chapter XII: Flexible Response". History
42nd Infantry Division (United States)
42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)
Danish political party
ed. (2003). Denmark and National Liberation in Southern Africa: A Flexible Response. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 106. ISBN 9789171065179. On August 30
Venstre_(Denmark)
Phase of the Cold War during 1953–1962
brinkmanship, whereby the US would threaten overwhelming nuclear force in response to Soviet aggression. This strategy aimed to avoid the high costs of conventional
Cold_War_(1953–1962)
American strategic bomber
AMSA program after taking office, keeping with his administration's flexible response strategy that required a broad range of options short of general nuclear
Rockwell_B-1_Lancer
2002 phrase from Donald Rumsfeld
of Acquisition in the Department of Defence, Volume 2, Adapting to Flexible Response 1960-1968. p. 95. Andrews, Walter (December 7, 1968). "The 'Known
There_are_unknown_unknowns
1963 speech given by John F. Kennedy
to put an end once and for all to nuclear tests." Kennedy greeted this response with enthusiasm and suggested that technical discussions for nuclear inspections
American_University_speech
Concept in law
courts of equity from about the time of Henry VIII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based
Equitable_remedy
Political crisis between 1961 and 1963
tactical fighter aircraft. Third, the loss of the base would diminish the flexibility of air operations by limiting available routes. Finally, it would severely
American–Portuguese_conflict
Transmembrane receptors involved in cellular adhesion and signalling
to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an
Integrin
Bridge in Vietnam
probable McFarland, Stephen Lee. "Flexible Response and Vietnam". A Concise History of the U.S. Air Force/Flexible Response and Vietnam, page 67. Wikisource
Thanh_Hóa_Bridge
British singer-songwriter (born 1963)
Bradford area. She helped out at a recording studio in Bradford called Flexible Response Studios, and subsequently began working with musicians John Hughes
Tasmin_Archer
2011 American miniseriess
Carson Reaume as David Kennedy The Kennedys was the subject of negative responses from historians based on early scripts, including charges of historical
The_Kennedys_(miniseries)
American politician and lawyer (1893–1971)
policy groups in the late 1950s. Much of President John F. Kennedy's flexible response policies came from the position papers drawn up by this group.[which
Dean_Acheson
Type of foreign policy
neutrality Double agent Dual loyalty Non-Aligned Movement Flexible response Glomar response Plausible deniability "What is the right amount of 'Strategic
Policy of deliberate ambiguity
Policy_of_deliberate_ambiguity
Tax-advantaged financial accounts in the US
In the United States, a flexible spending account (FSA), also known as a flexible spending arrangement, is a type of tax-advantaged financial account
Flexible_spending_account
Provincial political party in Canada
Doug Ford after voting against Bill 195, the Reopening Ontario (A Flexible Response to COVID-19) Act, which would expand the government's emergency authority
New_Blue_Party_of_Ontario
Military unit
Brigades p131 army.mil and Wilson, "Chapter XI: A New Direction -- Flexible Response". Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 14 April
187th Infantry Brigade (United States)
187th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)
1968 song, a memorial for assassinated Americans
Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy. It was written in response to the assassination of King and that of Robert Kennedy in April and June
Abraham,_Martin_and_John
Inactive US Army formation
Separate Brigades Archived 4 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter Flexible Response: The Buildup of the Army, Center of Military History, United States
5th Infantry Division (United States)
5th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)
Military unit
inadequate to provide the Ministry of the Interior with the rapid and flexible response needed to counter the highly trained terror organizations that emerged
SOBT
Chinese-American physicist
William D. Ohlsen, supervised and approved the M.S. Physics thesis, "Flexible Response Modes of Missile Experimental: Multiple Aims Points System and Deception
Eugene_Loh
United States Army general (1901–1987)
criticized Eisenhower's defense policy and championed a muscular "flexible response" policy intentionally aligned with Taylor's views as described in
Maxwell_D._Taylor
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been varied, and have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews. As of
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic
Use of armoured fighting vehicles in war
approach while commanding VII Panzer-Division which allowed him a flexible response to the battlefield situation, an instance of the Auftragstaktik (reliance
Armoured_warfare
U.S. Army infantry regiment
into the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, culminating in the Flexible Response reforms implemented by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. The
335th_Infantry_Regiment
Chinese-American martial art
practitioners claim this method of training builds an automatic and flexible response in much the same way we learn language a few words at a time until
San_Soo
Military conflict that deploys nuclear weaponry
the 1950s Eisenhower doctrine of "massive retaliation" to one of "flexible response", which has been growing in importance in the US nuclear war fighting
Nuclear_warfare
Paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests
In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT, also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for
Item_response_theory
Actions that governments take in the economic field
based on rules or discretionary. Discretionary policy allows for flexible response to unforeseen developments, but may suffer from dynamic inconsistency
Economic_policy
1961–2003 US nuclear strategy document
McNamara. He aimed to change the doctrine from massive retaliation to flexible response. SIOP-63 took effect in July 1962 and remained mostly unchanged for
Single Integrated Operational Plan
Single_Integrated_Operational_Plan
NATO quick reaction force at Heidelberg, Germany, active from 1960 to 2002
Maloney, Sean (2004) 'Fire Brigade or Tocsin? NATO's ACE Mobile Force, Flexible Response and the Cold War', Journal of Strategic Studies, 27:4, pp. 585–613
Allied Command Europe Mobile Force
Allied_Command_Europe_Mobile_Force
Iranian academic (born 1931)
Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US. Green, Robert Donald (1982). Flexible Response Modes of Missile Experimental: Multiple Aim Points System and Deception
Iraj_Zandi
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian
Kind; Soft; Flexible
Boy/Male
English American
Flexible.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
With a Water Like Form; Flexible; An Idol of the God of Water
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, German, Jamaican
Lives by the Linden Tree Hill; Flexible; Lime Tree Hill
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Rest; Response; Comfort
Female
Greek
(ΆτÏοπος) Greek name ATROPOS means "cannot be turned; inflexible." In mythology, this is the name of one of the original three Fates.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Mercy; Very Flexible
Boy/Male
Irish
The name is given to boys as a mark of respect to the great Irish orator and patriot Robert Emmet who was a leader of the unsuccessful 1798 rebellion against the British. He was captured on August 25, 1803 and tried for high treason and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered. When asked if he had any thing to say in response to this sentence Emmet gave what is considered to be one of the most moving speeches of the period “â€â€¦When my country takes her place among the nations of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be written. I have done.â€â€
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Windsor in Berkshire, Broadwindsor in Dorset, or Winsor in Devon and Hampshire, all named from an unattested Old English windels ‘windlass’ + Old English Åra ‘bank’.Windsor is the surname of the present British royal family, adopted in place of Wettin in 1917 as a response to anti-German feeling during the World War I. The original surname of Edward VII (and hence of George V up to 1917) was Wettin, his father, Prince Albert, being Prince Wettin of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The family took the name Windsor from the place in Berkshire, England, where Windsor Castle is a royal residence. There is unlikely to be any royal connection for American bearers, however: the name was an ordinary English habitational surname for centuries before this event.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
In Attentive Response
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Rest Response
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh
White Wave; Variant of Jenny which is a Diminutive of Jane and Jennifer; Fair; Smooth; Gracious Gift of God; Soft; White and Smooth; Enjoy; Pretty; Flexible
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
With a Flexible Mind
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Boy/Male
English
Little rock.
Female
English
 Scottish feminine form of Hebrew Adam, ADAMINA means "earth" or "red."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Friend of Beauty
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Travels by night
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Mariam, MARJAANA means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Indian God of Death
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Sun
Girl/Female
Tamil
Celestial Apsara
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Crown
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
n.
A small, flexible twig or rod.
a.
Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.
a.
Wriggling; frisky; pliant; flexible.
a.
Soft; flexible.
a.
Weak; flexible; limber.
a.
Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome.
n.
A long, flexible instrument, that is
a.
Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.
a.
Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding.
a.
Long and flexible, like a wand.
a.
Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.
a.
Inflexible.
a.
Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent; plastic; tractable.
a.
Limp; flexible; flimsy.
a.
Pliant; limber; flexible; supple; nimble; lissom.
a.
Inflexible.
a.
Capable of being discovered or understood by apparent marks or indications; as, the thoughts of men are often legible in their countenances.
a.
Capable of being read or deciphered; distinct to the eye; plain; -- used of writing or printing; as, a fair, legible manuscript.
a.
Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; as, a flexible language.
a.
Fluxible.