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The financial referendum (also known as a budget referendum) is a form of the referendum and an instrument of direct democracy. It always relates to parts
Financial_referendum
Direct vote on a specific proposal
mandatory referendum. These include Australia, Ireland, Switzerland, Denmark, and 49 of the 50 U.S. states (the only exception is Delaware). Financial referendum:
Referendum
Upcoming Icelandic referendum
A referendum on the resumption of European Union membership negotiations is due to be held in Iceland on 29 August 2026. Iceland applied to join the EU
2026 Icelandic European Union membership negotiations referendum
2026_Icelandic_European_Union_membership_negotiations_referendum
European Union membership referendum, commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum, was a referendum that took place on Thursday
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum
Direct democracy instrument in Switzerland
certain amount (referred to as a "financial" referendum). Double majority Optional referendum Mandatory referendum Voting in Switzerland ChF, Chancellerie
Mandatory referendums in Switzerland
Mandatory_referendums_in_Switzerland
Referendum on financial-related amendments to Puerto Rican statute
A referendum on financial issues was held in Puerto Rico on 10 December 1961. The referendum was approved by 82.8% of voters. In 1961 the United States
1961 Puerto Rican financial referendum
1961_Puerto_Rican_financial_referendum
Referendum held in Scotland
A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom was held in Scotland on 18 September 2014. The referendum question was "Should Scotland
2014 Scottish independence referendum
2014_Scottish_independence_referendum
The 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum was a constitutional referendum held on 14 October 2023 in which the proposed Aboriginal and Torres Strait
2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum
Historic vote on the independence of Quebec from Canada
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the predominantly French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should
1995_Quebec_referendum
Former UK political party
The Referendum Party was a Eurosceptic, single-issue political party that was active in the United Kingdom from 1994 to 1997. The party's sole objective
Referendum_Party
Surveying for 2016 referendum
The referendum on EU membership took place on 23 June 2016. Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum was ongoing in
Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
Opinion_polling_for_the_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum
Referendums in the United Kingdom are occasionally held at a national, regional or local level. Historically national referendums that cover the whole
Referendums in the United Kingdom
Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom
2011 referendum in the UK on reforming the voting system
The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system, was held on Thursday 5 May 2011
2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum
2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum
GDP, or 2.5% of GDP. According to a December 2017 Financial Times analysis, the Brexit referendum results had reduced national British income by 0.6%
Economic_effects_of_Brexit
Several referendums were held in Switzerland during 2026, with national votes on 8 March, 14 June, 27 September and 29 November. Four referendums were held
2026_Swiss_referendums
Successful proposal
The referendum of 13 April 1910 approved an amendment to the Australian constitution. The referendum was for practical purposes a vote on the Constitution
1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)
1910_Australian_referendum_(State_Debts)
expressed concerns over the referendum. The Athex stock market index fell amid concerns for instability, as well as global financial markets on concerns about
2011 Greek economy referendum attempt
2011_Greek_economy_referendum_attempt
Disputed referendum on decision whether to join Russia or remain in Ukraine
A disputed referendum concerning the status of Crimea was conducted in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (both subdivisions
2014 Crimean status referendum
2014_Crimean_status_referendum
Possible future referendum
A second referendum (commonly referred to as indyref2) on Scotland becoming independent of the United Kingdom (UK) has been proposed by the Scottish Government
Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
Proposed_second_Scottish_independence_referendum
Proposal for a second referendum
A referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement, also referred to as a "second referendum", a "rerun", a "people's vote", or a "confirmatory public vote"
Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement
Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement
This is a list of referendums related to the European Union, or referendums related to the European Communities, which were predecessors of the European
Referendums related to the European Union
Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union
A referendum to decide whether Greece should accept the bailout conditions in the country's government-debt crisis proposed jointly by the European Commission
2015_Greek_bailout_referendum
Withdrawal of the UK from the EU
predecessors. The Labour prime minister Harold Wilson's pro-EC government held a referendum on continued EC membership in 1975, in which 67.2% voted to stay. Despite
Brexit
Referendum held in Iceland on 6 March 2010
referendum, also known as the Icesave referendum (Icelandic: Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla um Icesave), was held in Iceland on 6 March 2010. The referendum was
2010 Icelandic loan guarantees referendum
2010_Icelandic_loan_guarantees_referendum
A referendum (in some countries synonymous with plebiscite, or a vote on a ballot question) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to
Referendums_by_country
amendment to the Australian Constitution approved by referendum on 17 November 1928. It concerned financial relations between the federal level of government
1928 Australian state debts referendum
1928_Australian_state_debts_referendum
Form of democracy
initiatives have been put to referendums. Most popular initiatives are discussed and approved by the Parliament before the referendum. Out of the remaining initiatives
Direct_democracy
Plebiscite on Quebec's independence from Canada
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path
1980_Quebec_referendum
Location with high concentration of commerce activity
A financial centre (financial center in American English) or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of commerce in financial services
Financial_centre
British newspaper
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current
Financial_Times
Responses from other countries to the Brexit vote
membership referendum of 2016 are the reactions to the decision to leave the European Union by the United Kingdom. The main reaction was on global financial markets
International reactions to the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum
French-British tycoon and politician (1933–1997)
retain the candidate's financial deposit of £500, a part of the 20 million pounds that he had reportedly poured into the Referendum Party in its brief existence
James_Goldsmith
Public votes on proposed changes to the flag of New Zealand
referendums were held by the New Zealand Government in November/December 2015 and March 2016 to determine the nation's flag. In the first referendum,
2015–2016 New Zealand flag referendums
2015–2016_New_Zealand_flag_referendums
Referendum in Mayotte, France
A referendum on becoming an overseas department of France was held in Mayotte on 29 March 2009. Mayotte had been a departmental collectivity of France
2009 Mahoran status referendum
2009_Mahoran_status_referendum
National referendums held in Switzerland in 2016
Thirteen national referendums were held in Switzerland during 2016. On 28 February 2016, referendums were held on four initiatives: Popular initiative
2016_Swiss_referendums
A referendum on reforming the electoral system was held in the Falkland Islands on 24 September 2020, after being postponed from 26 March 2020 following
2020 Falkland Islands electoral system referendum
2020_Falkland_Islands_electoral_system_referendum
Successful corporate governance initiative
It was one of three questions put to the electorate in the March 2013 referendums. The vote took place on the 3 March 2013, and passed with a majority
2013 Swiss executive pay initiative
2013_Swiss_executive_pay_initiative
Following a 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union at the end of January 2020. Since leaving the EU, numerous polling organisations
Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union
Potential_re-accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Union
2024 Chicago tax referendum for homelessness prevention services
Bring Chicago Home, officially known as Ballot Question 1, is a tax referendum that was defeated during the 2024 primary election in Chicago. Labeled as
Bring_Chicago_Home
Proposed US state referendums
is the review of liens, and section 7 is dedicated to the cost. Financial referendum Taxpayer Bill of Rights III, an Act of Congress Proposition 13, which
Taxpayer_Bill_of_Rights
2014 annexation of Ukrainian territory
the pro-Russian Aksyonov government, and announced a referendum on Crimea's status. The referendum was held under Russian occupation and, according to
2014 Russian annexation of Crimea
2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea
1974 referendum to establish a Greek republic following the end of military rule; passed
data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7 Hope, Kevin. Referendum plan faces hurdles. Financial Times 1 November 2011. Nohlen & Stöver, p838 Kollias, Konstantinos
1974 Greek republic referendum
1974_Greek_republic_referendum
Referendum in the Spanish region of Catalonia
An independence referendum was held on 1 October 2017 in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, passed by the Parliament of Catalonia as the Law
2017 Catalan independence referendum
2017_Catalan_independence_referendum
Political movement for Scotland leaving the UK
2017). "Sturgeon postpones plans for second Scottish independence referendum". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved
Scottish_independence
2016 Dutch referendum
advisory referendum on the approval of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement was held in the Netherlands on 6 April 2016. The referendum question
2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum
2016_Dutch_Ukraine–European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum
grant financial assistance to local government bodies, and to borrow money on their behalf. It was put to voters for approval in a referendum held on
1974 Australian referendum (Local Government Bodies)
1974_Australian_referendum_(Local_Government_Bodies)
Referendum for Kurdish Independence
The 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum was a failed bid at Kurdish independence from the Republic of Iraq. It was held on 25 September 2017
2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum
2017_Kurdistan_Region_independence_referendum
Votes on national political status
presented to Puerto Rican voters during Puerto Rico political status referendums: full independence, maintenance or enhancement of the current commonwealth
Puerto Rico status referendums
Puerto_Rico_status_referendums
Referendum in the Spanish region of Catalonia
A non-binding Catalan self-determination referendum, also known as the Citizen Participation Process on the Political Future of Catalonia, was held on
2014 Catalan self-determination referendum
2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum
Minister Silvio Berlusconi, offered no political or financial support. When voting for the referendums took place in 2000, Berlusconi almost abstained and
Referendums_in_Italy
Constitutional referendum in Moldova
A nationwide constitutional referendum was held in Moldova on 20 October 2024 on whether the country should amend the Constitution of Moldova to include
2024 Moldovan European Union membership constitutional referendum
2024_Moldovan_European_Union_membership_constitutional_referendum
Advocacy for Alberta seceding from Canada
legal challenges, intends to lead to a separation referendum. A legal challenge to the proposed referendum on separation from Canada was addressed by Alberta
Alberta_separatism
Military and political organisation in Western Sahara
Morocco until the 1991 ceasefire, pending the holding of a UN-backed referendum which has been consistently postponed ever since. In 2020 the Polisario
Polisario_Front
Democratic financial decision-making process
participatory budgeting in Asia. Civic engagement Citizens' assembly Financial referendum Participatory economics Participatory democracy Participatory planning
Participatory_budgeting
A referendum on the repayment of loan guarantees by Iceland to the governments of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands over the failure of the Icesave
2011 Icelandic loan guarantees referendum
2011_Icelandic_loan_guarantees_referendum
A referendum on the retrospective disclosure of the financial details of large-scale privatisation was held in Slovakia on 22 October 1994. Although approved
1994 Slovak disclosure referendum
1994_Slovak_disclosure_referendum
Multi-year debt crisis in multiple EU countries, 2009–2010
Papandreou announced that a referendum would be held so that the Greek people would have the final say on the bailout, upsetting financial markets. On 3 November
Euro_area_crisis
British politician and broadcaster (born 1964)
2016 EU membership referendum. At the 2015 general election Farage was an unsuccessful candidate in South Thanet. After the referendum, Farage resigned
Nigel_Farage
Unsuccessful constitutional proposal
unsuccessful referendum on the subject of Local Government. The 1974 referendum on Local Government Bodies sought to allow the Commonwealth to grant financial assistance
1988 Australian referendum (Local Government)
1988_Australian_referendum_(Local_Government)
Referendum in British Overseas Territory
A two-part consultative referendum on changing the system of governance was held in Saint Helena on 17 March 2021. In the first question, voters were asked
2021 Saint Helena governance system referendum
2021_Saint_Helena_governance_system_referendum
Several referendums were held in Switzerland during 2023. The only national votes were held on 18 June, with subnational votes held on 12 March, 22 October
2023_Swiss_referendums
A referendum on banning same-sex marriage was held in Slovakia on 7 February 2015. Critics claimed the referendum was pushed by religious and conservative
2015 Slovak same-sex marriage referendum
2015_Slovak_same-sex_marriage_referendum
First Minister of Scotland from 2014 to 2023
raises threat of union's demise". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 27 June 2016. "Second Scotland Referendum 'Highly Likely'". Sky News. 24
Nicola_Sturgeon
A referendum took place on 14 September 2003 to decide whether Estonia should join the European Union (EU). Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and
2003 Estonian European Union membership referendum
2003_Estonian_European_Union_membership_referendum
euro. They were secured under the Edinburgh Agreement in 1992 after a referendum for the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty was rejected by Danish voters
Danish opt-outs from the European Union
Danish_opt-outs_from_the_European_Union
Referendum in Switzerland
Italian: Iniziativa popolare "Contro l'immigrazione di massa") was a referendum that aimed to limit immigration through quotas, as it had been prior to
2014 Swiss immigration initiative
2014_Swiss_immigration_initiative
staged so-called referendums on the annexation of occupied territories of Ukraine by Russia. They were widely described as sham referendums by commentators
2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine
2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine
Housing movement and referendum in Berlin
The 2021 Berlin referendum on a resolution to work out a draft for a law to expropriate housing stock of big housing companies (Volksentscheid über einen
Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen
Deutsche_Wohnen_&_Co._enteignen
European free trade zone established in 1994
accession was rejected in a referendum, Switzerland froze its EU application after the EEA agreement was rejected in a referendum). The fall of the Iron Curtain
European_Economic_Area
UK parliamentary by-election
home-ownership rate is 73%, against 64% nationally. In the 2016 membership referendum, an estimated 75% of those who voted chose to leave the European Union
2026_Clacton_by-election
Form of plebiscite
A mandatory referendum, also known as an obligatory referendum, is a referendum that is legally required to be held under specific circumstances. This
Mandatory_referendum
Two constitutional referendums were held simultaneously in Ireland on 27 October 2011, each on a proposed amendment of the Constitution of Ireland. The
2011 Irish constitutional referendums
2011_Irish_constitutional_referendums
Bilateral relations
accession treaty with the EU should be put to a referendum. The US denied Iceland's request for financial support after the 2008 economic crash. Iceland
Iceland–European Union relations
Iceland–European_Union_relations
Referendum on becoming a US state
A referendum of the status of Puerto Rico was held on November 3, 2020, concurrently with the general election. The Referendum was announced by Puerto
2020 Puerto Rican status referendum
2020_Puerto_Rican_status_referendum
Dispute between Iceland and foreign depositors
Icelandic financial crisis, but later proposed bilateral loan guarantees for repayment were rejected by Icelandic voters in two separate referendums. The Icesave
Icesave_dispute
of the President, was ultimately rejected in the 2006 referendum. In 2011, with the financial crisis ensuing and Berlusconi forced to resign from the
2016 Italian constitutional referendum
2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum
Sovereign debt crisis faced by Greece (2009–2018)
Greece faced a sovereign debt crisis in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. Widely known in the country as The Crisis (Greek: Η Κρίση, romanized: I
Greek_government-debt_crisis
Act of the UK Parliament
European Union Referendum Act 2015 (c. 36) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made legal provision for a consultative referendum to be held
European Union Referendum Act 2015
European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015
Political term for policies that increase public spending by increasing taxation
in the raise revenues for specific programs through financial referendums to voters. Referendums on tax and spend programs often raise revenues in the
Tax_and_spend
Emergency Manager (EM) and gave the Manager additional authority. When the Referendum petitions were approved by the Michigan State Board of Canvassers on August
Financial emergency in Michigan
Financial_emergency_in_Michigan
British Overseas Territory in Iberia
proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum, and for shared sovereignty in a 2002 referendum. Nevertheless, Gibraltar maintains close economic
Gibraltar
trust in referendum", Financial Times, 11 February 2000, p. 13. Tony Hawkins, "Big-spender Mugabe drives Zimbabwe into debt trap", Financial Times, 20
2000 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum
2000_Zimbabwean_constitutional_referendum
National referendums held in Switzerland in 2018
national referendums were held in Switzerland in 2018. Voting took place on 4 March, 10 June, 23 September and 25 November. Two referendums were held
2018_Swiss_referendums
A referendum on extending the term of parliament by six years was held in Sri Lanka on 22 December 1982. It was the first and so far only national referendum
1982 Sri Lankan parliamentary term extension referendum
1982_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_term_extension_referendum
1967 constitutional referendum on the legal status of Indigenous Australians
The second question of the 1967 Australian referendum of 27 May 1967, called by the Holt government, related to Indigenous Australians. Voters were asked
1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)
1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)
British political strategist (born 1978)
executive officer of a number of organisations and been involved in various referendum campaigns, including Vote Leave. Elliott was the founder and has served
Matthew Elliott, Baron Elliott of Mickle Fell
Matthew_Elliott,_Baron_Elliott_of_Mickle_Fell
February 1948 plebiscite in the princely state of Junagadh
The 1948 Junagadh referendum (also referred to as the Junagadh plebiscite) was a public vote held on 20 February 1948 in the erstwhile princely state of
1948_Junagadh_referendum
Independence of Timor-Leste from Indonesia in 2002
an East Timorese referendum on special autonomy or independence on 30 August 1999. In the lead-up to and aftermath of the referendum, in which 78.5% of
Timor-Leste_independence
Independence movement in Europe
the Catalan government lacks legal jurisdiction to organize referendums. The referendum was nonetheless held in 2017 amidst great political and social
Catalan_independence_movement
Person who influences people
towards a particular client (i.e. elected official or referendum) in exchange for political and financial benefits. Power brokers can also negotiate deals
Power_broker
A referendum to amend the Constitution of Liberia was held on 23 August 2011. Voters chose whether to ratify four amendments regarding judge tenure, elections
2011 Liberian constitutional referendum
2011_Liberian_constitutional_referendum
Scheduled independence referendum
An independence referendum for Chuuk State to secede from the Federated States of Micronesia was originally scheduled to take place in March 2015. However
Proposed Chuukese independence referendum
Proposed_Chuukese_independence_referendum
United Nations peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara
The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (Arabic: بعثة الأمم المتحدة لتنظيم استفتاء في الصحراء الغربية; French: Mission des Nations
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara
Referendum approving 100% a reduction of the army and military spending
A referendum on the military was held in Romania on 23 November 1986. Voters were asked whether they approved of reducing the size of the army and cutting
1986 Romanian military referendum
1986_Romanian_military_referendum
Stock market selloff of 2015-2016
the referendum to leave the EU. During a press conference on 27 June 2016, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne attempted to reassure financial markets
2015–2016 stock market selloff
2015–2016_stock_market_selloff
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (c. 41) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that sets out how political parties, elections and referendums are to
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
Political_Parties,_Elections_and_Referendums_Act_2000
constitutional referendum was held in Uzbekistan on 30 April 2023. It was to be held on proposed constitutional amendments. Parliament approved the referendum on
2023 Uzbek constitutional referendum
2023_Uzbek_constitutional_referendum
A constitutional referendum on a number of changes to the constitution was held in Turkey on 12 September 2010. The results showed the majority supported
2010 Turkish constitutional referendum
2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum
polls that were conducted in relation to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, that was held on 18 September 2014. Overall, polls showed that support
Opinion polling for the 2014 Scottish independence referendum
Opinion_polling_for_the_2014_Scottish_independence_referendum
process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either enacting
Initiatives and referendums in the United States
Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States
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