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Concept of this parameter
In telecommunications, extinction ratio (re) is the ratio of two optical power levels of a digital signal generated by an optical source, e.g., a laser
Extinction_ratio
Mass extinction event c. 444 million years ago
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes
Late Ordovician mass extinction
Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction
Earth's most severe extinction event
global decrease in δ13C, the ratio of the stable isotope carbon-13 to that of carbon-12, coincides with this extinction, and is sometimes used to identify
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Ongoing extinction event caused by human activity
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Holocene or Anthropocene extinction is an
Holocene_extinction
Consequence affecting an organism's future behavior
interval; poor resistance to extinction. Variable interval: steady activity results, good resistance to extinction. Ratio schedules produce higher rates
Reinforcement
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction
Extinction_event
Set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation
transmittance direction. Here, the ratio of maximum transmittance to minimum transmittance is defined as the extinction ratio E R = ( 1 + D O L P ) / ( 1 −
Stokes_parameters
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light
filters form a dichroic prism Polarizing cube beamsplitters have lower extinction ratio than birefringent ones, but less expensive Partially-metallized mirrors
Prism_(optics)
Extinction of large animals at the end of the last Ice Age
The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw the extinction of the majority of the world's megafauna, typically defined as animal species
Late_Pleistocene_extinctions
Termination of a taxon in a region which it previously inhabited
though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area
Local_extinction
Optoelectronics component
(>15 dB) of the polarization extinction ratio that are independent on the fibre bending. The polarization extinction ratio of the emission depends also
Superluminescent_diode
Optical filter device
polarization axis; the ratio of the transmission of the unwanted component to the wanted component is called the extinction ratio, and varies from around
Polarizer
+ P 0 ) / 2 {\displaystyle P_{\text{av}}=(P_{1}+P_{0})/2} and the extinction ratio r e = P 1 / P 0 {\displaystyle r_{e}=P_{1}/P_{0}} OMA = 2 P av r e
Optical_modulation_amplitude
Single-mode optical fiber for linearly polarized light
a PM fiber is typically characterized by its polarization extinction ratio (PER)—the ratio of correctly to incorrectly polarized light, expressed in decibels
Polarization-maintaining optical fiber
Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiber
Fiber-optic connector
rotational misalignment between mated fibers decreases the polarization extinction ratio of the connection. PM FC/PC connectors typically use FC/APC keying
FC_connector
Device used for modulating a laser beam
direction perpendicular to the modulated light beam. For achieving a high extinction ratio, one usually exploits the Quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) in a
Electro-absorption_modulator
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Devonian mass extinction, also known
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Interstellar absorption and scattering of light
In astronomy, extinction is the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by dust and gas between an emitting astronomical object and the
Extinction_(astronomy)
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
relevant figure of merit is the polarizer's degree of polarization or extinction ratio, which involve a comparison of g1 to g2. Since Jones vectors refer
Polarization_(waves)
Multiple star system in the constellation Ophiuchus
1051/0004-6361/202554023. ISSN 0004-6361. Wegner, W. (2003). "The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars". Astronomische Nachrichten
Rho_Ophiuchi
Oscilloscope display of a digital data signal
jitter Constellation diagram Signal integrity Raised-cosine filter Extinction ratio Christopher M. Miller "High-Speed Digital Transmitter Characterization
Eye_pattern
Extinction event around 260 million years ago
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Capitanian mass extinction event, also known
Capitanian mass extinction event
Capitanian_mass_extinction_event
Ratio of total mass of a galaxy or cluster to its luminosity
[citation needed] Mass-to-light ratios in application can be used to gain insight into the dark matter content and dust extinction in a galaxy. Historically
Mass-to-light_ratio
Class of models about the dynamics of extinctions of species
Extinction vortices are types of extinction causing the population dynamics to "spiral" in a feedback loop, i.e., for small populations to become increasingly
Extinction_vortex
Yang; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Li, Yubo; Yang, Jianyi (2013). "Low-chirp high-extinction-ratio modulator based on graphene–silicon waveguide". Optics Letters. 38
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
Physicist
the time. He reported non-monotonic dependence of the polarization extinction ratio on the parameters of the diffraction grid in QWIP detectors in 2010
Unil_Perera
Ratio of animal feed to desired product
In animal husbandry, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or feed conversion rate is a ratio or rate measuring of the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock
Feed_conversion_ratio
Components used for routing signals between optical fibres on a per-wavelength basis
mirror and maximise coupling. MEMS based WSS typically produce good extinction ratios, but poor open loop performance for setting a given attenuation level
Wavelength selective switching
Wavelength_selective_switching
Risk of plant or animal species becoming extinct due to climate change
several plausible pathways that could lead to plant and animal species extinction from climate change. Every species has evolved to exist within a certain
Extinction risk from climate change
Extinction_risk_from_climate_change
Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential
Global_catastrophic_risk
Age-population ratio of those in the labor force to those not in the labor force
Dependency ratios are ratios of the numbers of dependents (youths aged 0–14 and/or elderly aged 65+) to the number of working-age adults (15–64). They
Dependency_ratio
Sharp reduction in the size of a population
determine the effective population size when a population is at risk for extinction. The effects of a population bottleneck often depend on the number of
Population_bottleneck
Space Global Laser Engagement Excimer laser Extensometer Extinction cross Extinction ratio Extreme Light Infrastructure Extreme ultraviolet Extreme ultraviolet
List_of_laser_articles
Variable star in the constellation Canis Major
1051/0004-6361/202037730. ISSN 0004-6361. Wegner, W. (2003). "The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars". Astronomische Nachrichten
Tau_Canis_Majoris
Clade of reptiles
became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic
Dinosaur
Variety and variability of life forms
extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse may have led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event
Biodiversity
Star in the constellation Taurus
1051/0004-6361/201219219, S2CID 59451347. Wegner, W (2003). "The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars". Astronomische Nachrichten
139_Tauri
Major climatic change and biotic turnover during the Triassic
establishment of symbiotic zooxanthellae within them. The CPE also saw the extinction of many aquatic invertebrate species, especially among ammonoids, bryozoans
Carnian_pluvial_episode
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction. Operant conditioning originated with Edward Thorndike, whose law of effect
Operant_conditioning
Slovak-Canadian engineer and physicist
Schmid, Jens H.; Cheben, Pavel; Ye, Winnie N. (2015-10-01). "High Extinction Ratio and Broadband Silicon TE-Pass Polarizer Using Subwavelength Grating
Pavel_Cheben
Extinct species of canine mammal
10,000 years ago, according to dated remains. Its extinction occurred during the Quaternary extinction event, disappearing along with its main prey species;
Dire_wolf
Range of spectroscopic analysis
require a longer measurement time to achieve the same signal to noise ratio. The extinction coefficient of an analyte in solution changes gradually with wavelength
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet–visible_spectroscopy
Property in optics
which is often shortened to the acronym IOR), often denoted n, is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum (c) to the speed of light in a given optical
Refractive_index
Book by Robert T. Bakker
Heresies: New Theories Unlocking the Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction is a 1986 book written by Robert T. Bakker exploring extant evidence indicating
The_Dinosaur_Heresies
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
around 50,000 years ago was marked by the extinction of most large terrestrial animals outside Africa, an extinction event otherwise unprecedented in the geological
Pleistocene
Research timeline
research has been conducted on the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the mass extinction that ended the dinosaur-dominated Mesozoic Era and set the
Timeline of Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event research
Timeline_of_Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event_research
Large igneous province in India
suggested the eruptions were a major cause of the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction event at roughly the same time, this theory has been rejected as a result
Deccan_Traps
Star in the constellation Cygnus
0W. Vizier catalog entry Wegner, W. (2003). "The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars". Astronomische Nachrichten
68_Cygni
Extinct species of bird
destroyed. The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo was in 1662. Its extinction was not immediately noticed, and some considered the bird to be a myth
Dodo
Extinct species of marine mammal
by Europeans, the slow-moving and easily caught mammal was hunted into extinction for its meat, fat, and hide. Some 18th-century adults would have reached
Steller's_sea_cow
Prehistoric impact crater in Mexico
impact was the primary cause of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, a mass extinction of 75% of plant and animal species on Earth, including all
Chicxulub_crater
Current geological epoch
ecosystems of the Holocene continued to be impacted by extinctions (the ongoing Holocene extinction), largely of human causation. In July 2018, the International
Holocene
Medical measurement formula
reflect a disease's incidence. They are neither rates, incidence rates, nor ratios (none of which are limited to the range 0–1). They do not take into account
Case_fatality_rate
Model for the extinction of family names
process arising from Francis Galton's statistical investigation of the extinction of family names. The process models family names as patrilineal (passed
Galton–Watson_process
Measurement in astronomy
Single-scattering albedo is the ratio of scattering efficiency to total extinction efficiency (which is also termed "attenuance", a sum of scattering and
Single-scattering_albedo
Brightness of a celestial object observed from the Earth
Its value depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and any extinction of the object's light caused by interstellar dust or atmosphere along
Apparent_magnitude
{\displaystyle Q_{ext}} is the efficiency factor of extinction, which is defined as the ratio of the extinction cross section and geometrical cross section πa2
Anomalous_diffraction_theory
Phenomenon where a species is perpetuated by a daughter species
Pseudoextinction (or phyletic extinction) of a species occurs when all members of the species are extinct, but members of a daughter species remain alive
Pseudoextinction
Extinct species of carnivore
as part of the end-Pleistocene extinction event along with most other large animals across the Americas. The extinctions followed human arrival in the
American_lion
Extinct, aquatic ground sloth from South America
from snout to tail 2.55 meters (8.4 ft). Based on a femur-to-body-length ratio, the T. littoralis specimen—probably a female—measured 2.1 meters (6.9 ft)
Thalassocnus
Extinct species of ostrich
morphological features, including the minimum shaft width/total length ratio of the femur. Buffetaut and Angst conclude that Struthio anderssoni was
Struthio_anderssoni
Meteorological hypothesis
ratio by 1.0%, which is not thought to be a realistic possibility. Moreover, sea levels were rising rather than falling at the time of the extinction
Clathrate_gun_hypothesis
Measure of relative carbon-13 concentration in a sample
paleoceanography δ13C (pronounced "delta carbon thirteen") is a normalized ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon—13C and 12C—reported in parts per thousand
Δ13C
Extinct genus of mammals
determined). This is further supported by the breeding age female-to-male ratio in the Ashfall Fossil Beds being 4.25:1. There is also a rarity of young
Teleoceras
Genus of extinct rhinoceroses
credible. These late dates place Elasmotherium's extinction within the timeframe of the late Quaternary extinction event, when most large terrestrial animals
Elasmotherium
Extinct species of elephant
hippopotamus Hexaprotodon, along with the local extinction of ostriches, as part of the Late Quaternary extinction event during the Late Pleistocene, where most
Palaeoloxodon_namadicus
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
and extinction of previously widespread gymnosperm groups. The Cretaceous (along with the Mesozoic) ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous
Largest anoxic event in the Jurassic period and Phanerozoic eon
The Toarcian extinction event, also called the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction event, the Early Toarcian mass extinction, the Early Toarcian palaeoenvironmental
Toarcian_Oceanic_Anoxic_Event
Extinct genus of marsupials
weight. In an analysis of remains from Cuddie Springs, the carbon isotope ratios suggests that it consumed both C3 and C4 plants, with a dental microwear
Zygomaturus
approximately 30,000 to 10,000 years before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event and coinciding with the Poladpur phase of the Deccan Traps volcanism
2026_in_paleontology
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds
F-ratio_(oceanography)
Extinct species of rhinoceros
years ago based on remains found in Hayonim Cave in northern Israel. Its extinction in southern Europe was suggested in a 2017 study to be due at least in
Narrow-nosed_rhinoceros
Study of threats to biological diversity
protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject
Conservation_biology
First period of the Cenozoic Era
survivors of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event took advantage of empty ecological niches left behind by the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs
Paleogene
Anoxic extinction event in the Cretaceous period
Cenomanian-Turonian extinction, Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 2), and referred to also as the Bonarelli Event or Level, was an anoxic extinction event
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event
Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event
Extinct giant shark species
regions may have reduced megalodon's primary food source. The shark's extinction coincides with a gigantism trend in baleen whales. Megalodon teeth have
Megalodon
Extinct human species
Western and Central Asia during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. Neanderthal extinction occurred roughly 40,000 years ago with the immigration of modern humans
Neanderthal
Extinct subclass of cephalopod molluscs
last species vanishing during or soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 million years ago. They are often called ammonites
Ammonoidea
Study of changes in ancient climate
on the current situation, specifically the impact of climate on mass extinctions and biotic recovery and current global warming. Studying paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatology
Series of secondary extinctions
series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. Secondary extinctions are likely to occur
Cascade_effect_(ecology)
Hypothetical species and thought experiment
such as Stenonychosaurus had not perished in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, its descendants might have evolved to fill the same ecological
Dinosauroid
Family of fishes
groupers towards extinction: a global assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery: Fishing groupers to extinction". Fish and Fisheries
Grouper
Extinct genus of saber-toothed cat
the late Pleistocene extinction phases of North and South America. Its extinction has been linked to the decline and extinction of large herbivores. Hence
Smilodon
Very large volume eruption of basalt lava
Basalt Group. Large igneous provinces have been connected to five mass extinction events, and may be associated with bolide impacts. Flood basalts are the
Flood_basalt
Family of perching birds
only by humans and a few other mammals. Their total brain-to-body mass ratio is equal to that of non-human great apes and cetaceans, and only slightly
Corvidae
Extinct species of lion
became extinct about 13,000 years ago as part of the end-Pleistocene extinction event, the precise cause of which is unknown, though climatic change,
Panthera_spelaea
Set of people living in a particular area or interbreeding
Biosecurity Biosphere Conservation biology Endangered species Holocene extinction Invasive species Energy Carbon footprint Renewable energy Sustainable
Population_(human_biology)
Large-screen film format
very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (about 1.43:1) and steep stadium seating. More recently the aspect ratio has mostly become 1.90:1 (slightly wider
IMAX
Extinct species of carnivoran from Madagascar
in the same region at the same time. The size ratio between the two species is within the range of ratios seen between similar-sized living cats and mongooses
Cryptoprocta_spelea
Non-native organism causing damage to an established environment
Thriving in an Age of Extinction. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-727-8. Jr, Tom Zeller (May 30, 2017). "The Fascist History of De-Extinction". Undark Magazine
Invasive_species
Class of animals
now extinct, in some cases due to mass extinction events. In particular, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event wiped out the pterosaurs, plesiosaurs
Reptile
Value judgment that procreation is unethical
the Voluntary Human Extinction Movement (VHEMT), efilism (an ideology that advocates for extreme promortalism and forced extinction), and antinatalism
Antinatalism
Mathematical ratio used in analysis of radioactive materials
An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic stable isotopes, stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes
Isotopic_signature
Extinct genus of reptiles
soon after the devastating Permian-Triassic extinction event, but they were subsequently driven to extinction by volcanism and sea level changes by the
Cartorhynchus
Recently extinct species of rodent
Having been the only mammal endemic to the reef, its extinction was described as the first extinction of a mammal species due to anthropogenic climate change
Bramble_Cay_melomys
Extinct species of rhinoceros of northern Eurasia
megafauna, the species became extinct as part of the end-Pleistocene extinction event. The range of the woolly rhinoceros contracted towards Siberia beginning
Woolly_rhinoceros
Extinct species of bird
due to lack of cover. The destruction of Laysan's vegetation led to the extinction of three out of five of its endemic land birds. The Laysan honeycreeper
Laysan_honeycreeper
Reptiles of the superfamily Chelonioidea
threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of
Sea_turtle
Extinct subspecies of bird
were one of the first bird species that Americans tried to save from extinction. As early as 1791, a bill "for the preservation of heath-hen and other
Heath_hen
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Female
English
Modern English name derived from the Sanskrit word nirvana, NIRVANA means "disappearance, extinction (of the soul)."Â
Boy/Male
Indian
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Endowed with Speech; Eloquent; Spokesperson; Talker; Speaker; Rational; Categorical (Decision)
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Telugu, Turkish
Wise; Mature; Conscious; Pious; Righteous; Rightly Advised; Rationale; Pretend; Intelligent; Brave
Girl/Female
American, Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble Kind; Nobility; Rational; Great Happiness; Form of Alice
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Light-hearted; Pledged to God
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Great Happiness
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the village of Brattle, near Ashford in Kent.Thomas Brattle (c.1624–83) was reckoned, at the time of his death, to be the wealthiest man in New England. His son, also called Thomas Brattle (1658–1713), treasurer of Harvard College from 1693 to 1713, was a man noted for his rationality and humanism, which included opposition to the Salem withccraft trials of 1692.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Indian
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : nickname for an intelligent person, from Middle English, Old French raison ‘reasoning’, ‘intellectual faculty’ (Latin ratio, genitive rationis).
Boy/Male
Indian
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Muslim
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Animated; Rational
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Noble; Kind; Rational
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, French, German, Latin, Norse, Swedish
Great
Female
Hebrew
(×ֲבִיגַל) Unisex form of Hebrew Avigayil, AVIGAL means "father rejoices."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Uriela, URIELLA means "flame of God" or "light of the Lord."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dandakaranya Punyakrute | தாநà¯à®¤à®¾à®•à®¾à®°à®¾à®¨à¯à®¯ பà¯à®¨à¯à®¯à®•à®°à®¤à¯‡
One who ennobled the dandaka forest
Boy/Male
Tamil
Debpratim | தேபà¯à®ªà¯à®°à®¤à®¿à®®
Boy/Male
Muslim
Memory of the tribe
Boy/Male
American, British, Chinese, English
Swordsman
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Loves to Obey
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Stoner
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French
Turbulent; Stormy; Tempest; Violent Storm
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
EXTINCTION RATIO
n.
Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction.
n.
Extraction.
n.
The act of obliterating, or the state of being obliterated; extinction.
n.
The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation.
n.
A building up; construction.
n.
The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture.
a.
Of mean extraction.
n.
The act of tingeing or dyeing.
v. i.
Total privation or loss; extinction; cessation; as, the death of memory.
n.
Good extraction; dignity of birth.
n.
Descent; pedigree; extraction.
n.
Act of quenching or extingishing.
n.
Extinction.
n.
A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end.
n.
Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction.
n.
End; conclusion; termination; extinction.
n.
State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim.
n.
A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both together.
n.
Extraction; descent.
n.
The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc.