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Cognitive processes necessary for control of behavior
In cognitive science and neuropsychology, executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive
Executive_functions
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of
Executive_dysfunction
1938 book by Chester I. Barnard
The Functions of the Executive is a book by Chester I. Barnard (1886–1961) that presents a "theory of cooperation and organization" and "a study of the
The Functions of the Executive
The_Functions_of_the_Executive
Part of the brain responsible for personality, decision-making, and social behavior
live, personality, and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in executive functions, such as planning, decision
Prefrontal_cortex
Great Officer of State in the United Kingdom
and to transfer its functions to other officials: legislative functions to a speaker of the House of Lords, executive functions to the secretary of state
Lord_Chancellor
Central organ of the human nervous system
temporal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought
Human_brain
Interpretation of the US Constitution regarding presidential power
Embrace a Maximalist View of the Unitary Executive?". Executive Functions. Retrieved July 14, 2026. "Unitary Executive and Independent Agencies". The Federalist
Unitary_executive_theory
Organ central to the nervous system
its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. Some of these functions relate
Brain
appointing authority over department heads, the county executive oversees the administrative functions of county government and carries out ordinances passed
List of Milwaukee County executives
List_of_Milwaukee_County_executives
Birth defect of the spinal cord
be displaced. Several studies have demonstrated difficulties with executive functions in youth with spina bifida, with greater deficits observed in youth
Spina_bifida
Neurodevelopmental disorder
extreme lower end of the continuous dimensional trait (bell curve) of executive functioning and self-regulation, which is supported by twin, brain imaging and
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Neuropsychological test
Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) is a neuropsychological test used to measure a variety of verbal and nonverbal executive functions for both
Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System
Delis–Kaplan_Executive_Function_System
Topics referred to by the same term
entrepreneurs Executive (government), branch of government that has authority and responsibility for the administration of state bureaucracy Executive functions or
Executive
Head of state and government
leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia. Prior to the independence of Liberia in 1847, executive power in the
President_of_Liberia
Experience of thoughts not remaining on a single topic for a long period of time
unhappy. Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive processes that make a person pay attention or concentrate on a task. Three executive functions that relate
Mind-wandering
The relationship between autism and memory, specifically memory functions in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is an ongoing topic of research
Autism_and_memory
Assessment of executive function behaviors
indicate a "disorder of executive function" but rather suggest a higher level of dysfunction in a specific domain of executive functions. Particular attention
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function
Behavior_Rating_Inventory_of_Executive_Function
Proposed model on executive functioning of attentional control
Executive functions are a cognitive apparatus that controls and manages cognitive processes. Norman and Shallice (1980) proposed a model on executive
Supervisory attentional system
Supervisory_attentional_system
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
concerns the function of these brain areas. The PFC has been found to be active in a variety of tasks that require executive functions. This has led
Working_memory
Type of attention disorder
distinct from ADHD. Unlike ADHD, which is the result of deficient executive functioning and self-regulation, CDS presents with problems in arousal, maladaptive
Cognitive disengagement syndrome
Cognitive_disengagement_syndrome
Condition usually resulting from brain damage
by Alan Baddeley to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions, such as planning, abstract thinking, flexibility and behavioural
Dysexecutive_syndrome
Area of the prefrontal cortex of primates
concerned with how to interact with stimuli. An important function of the dlPFC is the executive functions, such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex
Cognitive process
response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural
Inhibitory_control
Medical condition
of memory and intellectual function and by changes in mood. These changes encompass what are known as executive functions of the brain. It usually presents
Binswanger's_disease
Totality of psychological phenomena
the number and capacity of mental functions increased with particular brain areas dedicated to specific mental functions. Individual human minds also develop
Mind
Financial service code names
The Controlled Functions of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) are simplifying code names given to various functions within the financial services and
FCA_Controlled_Functions
Consequences of not getting enough sleep
impairments resulting from inadequate sleep, impacting attention, executive function and memory. Recent 2025 research specifies these include reduced cognitive
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance
Aspect of inhibitory control
an aspect of inhibitory control, one of the core human executive functions. Executive functions are cognitive processes that are necessary for regulating
Self-control
Highest-ranking officer of an organization
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a chief executive or managing director, is the top-ranking corporate officer charged with the management
Chief_executive_officer
Overview multilingualism's effects on cognition
have an influence on the function of one another and on cognitive function outside of language. Research on executive functions like working memory, perception
Cognitive effects of bilingualism
Cognitive_effects_of_bilingualism
Assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors and brain damage
usually good early tests to rule out problems in certain functions and provide an indication of functions which may need to be tested more specifically.} Barcelona
Neuropsychological_test
Neural, cognitive, and behavioral effects of physical exercise
the effect sizes of improvements in cognitive function are largest for indices of executive functions and small to moderate for aspects of memory and
Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise
Devolved government of Wales
minister of Wales since May 2026. Prior to devolution in 1999 many executive functions for Wales were carried out by the Secretary of State for Wales and
Welsh_Government
Model of human memory
of the central executive in individuals with Alzheimer's. Recent research on executive functions suggests that the 'central' executive is not as central
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Focused attention on one's mental distress
between executive functions and rumination has yielded mixed results. Some studies have observed a negative correlation with two executive functioning abilities
Rumination_(psychology)
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
and subcortical regions and are closely linked to working memory, executive functions, and consciousness. Patterns of attention also vary across cultures
Attention
Part of a UK government department
the executive functions of that department. Each of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive use
Executive_agency
Devolved government of Northern Ireland
reorganised the functions of the departments of the Northern Ireland Executive. The legislative basis for departments of the Northern Ireland Executive is set
Northern_Ireland_Executive
take any of several kinds of executive actions. Executive orders are issued to help officers and agencies of the executive branch manage the operations
List of executive actions by Joe Biden
List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden
American psychologist and author (born 1949)
his clinical work, he is also an expert in the neuropsychology of executive function and self-regulation. He is board certified in three clinical specialties:
Russell_Barkley
Brain disorder
disease or frontal lobe injury. The frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions such as motivation, planning, social behavior, and speech production
Frontal_lobe_disorder
Field of robotics
robotics in special education as promoting superior cognitive functions, including executive functions. This can lead to an increased ability in "problem solving
Educational_robotics
Head of state
Forces of Slovenia as commander-in-chief. In the performance of these functions, the president upholds the rule of law and, through their ongoing mediation
President_of_Slovenia
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. Each pathway is
Dopaminergic_pathways
Individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore
attentional shifting are thought to be closely related to other executive functions such as working memory. Sources of attention in the brain create
Attentional_control
American neuroscientist
Cognitive Neuroscience. Her research focuses on the development of executive functions and the biological and environmental factors that influence them
Adele_Diamond
Types of local governments in England
legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/22/part/1A/chapter/2/crossheading/executive-functions Part III, LGA 2000 as amended: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/22/contents
Executive_arrangements
Ability to switch thinking about two concepts
cognitive flexibility is traditionally used to refer to one of the executive functions. In this sense, it can be seen as neural underpinnings of adaptive
Cognitive_flexibility
Third and highest tier of the Panchayati Raj system of local governance
president (Upadhyaksha) assists the president. The executive functions are carried out by the chief executive officer or secretary, a senior administrative
District_council_(India)
Mental illness caused by a lack of thiamine in the brain
impaired executive functions, which can lead to behavioral problems and interfere with daily activities. It is unclear, however, which executive functions are
Korsakoff_syndrome
Administrative division in India and Pakistan
land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative
Tehsil
Region of the parietal lobe of the brain
somatosensory areas. The areas with which it links are involved in executive functions, working memory and motor planning. Visual Posterior Region This
Precuneus
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
non-linguistic cognitive deficits in areas such as attention, memory, executive functions and learning. By some accounts, cognitive deficits, such as attention
Aphasia
Directly elected politician
is a directly elected local authority mayor responsible for the executive functions of Salford City Council, created in 2012 for the City of Salford
Mayor_of_Salford
Civic body governing Patna, Bihar, India
corporation functions under the provisions of the Patna Municipal Corporation Act, 1951, and is headed by a Mayor, while executive functions are carried
Patna_Municipal_Corporation
Part of the brain
responsible for executive functions such as planning for the future, judgment, decision-making skills, attention span, and inhibition. These functions can decrease
Frontal_lobe
High-detailed autobiographical memory
of memory, lateralisation, executive functions, language, calculations, IQ, and visual-spatial and visual-motor functions. They also devised novel tests
Hyperthymesia
Set of disorders affecting development of nervous system
areas involved in working memory and attention. Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Neurodevelopmental_disorder
Mental disorder
self-monitoring Deficits in self-awareness Hallucinations Deficits in executive functions Deficits in cognitive flexibility History of seizure activity Epileptogenic
Fregoli_delusion
Cognitive processing, either influenced or not
during these tasks. Cold cognition is thought to be associated with executive functions elicited by abstract, deconceptualized tasks, such as card sorting
Hot_and_cold_cognition
Medication used to treat ADHD
alone or along with psychostimulant medication. It enhances the executive functions of self-motivation, sustained attention, inhibition, working memory
Atomoxetine
Medical condition
lobes of their brain causing disinhibition, loss of planning and executive functions, and a disregard for the consequences of their behavior. Other types
Alcohol-related_dementia
Leader of a university or college
position has only ceremonial functions (unlike the chancellor and deputy chancellor, who frequently preside at functions such as graduations, the visitor
Chancellor_(education)
Theory of cognitive development
cognitive mechanisms, collectively named Executive Functions. Mechanisms commonly labeled executive functions include: working memory, inhibition, set
Domain-general_learning
Safety mechanism to quickly shut down a system
simply and quickly (so that even a panicked operator with impaired executive functions or a bystander can activate it). Kill switches are usually designed
Kill_switch
Neural pathways
information processing. Frontostriatal circuits play a key role in executive functions, such as selection and perception of important information, manipulation
Frontostriatal_circuit
Cognitive process of decision to act
to the processes of self-regulated learning. Appetition Avolition Executive functions Free will Motivational salience Neuroscience of free will Self-agency
Volition
Repetition of some action despite the cessation of stimulus
funkciók kényszerbetegségben" [Intact short-term memory and impaired executive functions in obsessive compulsive disorder]. Ideggyógyászati Szemle (in Hungarian)
Perseveration
Tibetan government-in-exile based in India
later became permanent head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans-in-exile. On 11 February 1991, Tibet became a founding
Central Tibetan Administration
Central_Tibetan_Administration
Officer who leads an organization; typically second to a commanding officer in militaries
power over officials with executive function (Bowsher v. Synar). However, statutes can restrict removal if not purely executive (Humphrey's executor), but
Executive_officer
Impairment in the clarity of consciousness
degree of arousal." Cognition includes perception, memory, learning, executive functions, language, constructive abilities, voluntary motor control, attention
Clouding_of_consciousness
How babies develop the ability to think and know things
joint attention. Executive function is a high-order cognitive ability, which allows you to sustain, switch and inhibit cognitive functions. It is involved
Infant_cognitive_development
Medical condition
differ from CBD in that CBD also includes cognitive deficits in the executive functions. The average survival time after disease onset is estimated at 6
Corticobasal_syndrome
Tendency to act on a whim without considering consequences
480. PMID 1431740. Diamond, A. (May 1997). Executive functions: Developmental perspective. Executive Function and Developmental Psychopathology. Toronto
Impulsivity
Parliamentary system of government
primarily of ceremonial and procedural functions, which are performed apolitically. Substantive, legal functions (eg assenting to bills) are exercised
Westminster_system
Executive function
is a very similar executive function, but it involves conscious (not unconscious) change in attention. Together, these two functions are subcategories
Task_switching_(psychology)
Method of development
ISBN 9780307743152. OCLC 699763760. Barkley, Russell A. (2012). Executive Functions: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Evolved. New York: Guilford
Coaching
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
and inability to acquire new information. Subtle problems with the executive functions of attentiveness, planning, flexibility, and abstract thinking, or
Alzheimer's_disease
Group of subcortical nuclei involved in the motor and reward systems
brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in executive functions. It has also been hypothesized that the basal ganglia are not only
Basal_ganglia
which are responsible for exercising political, administrative and executive functions, in accordance with the Constitution and the laws. The term "government"
Government_of_Chile
Supreme legislature of the Netherlands
province, each of the seven provinces having one vote) took on many executive functions after the Council of State of the Netherlands had temporarily come
States General of the Netherlands
States_General_of_the_Netherlands
policy. The provincial executive functions as a collegial body and most decisions are taken by consensus. "Provincial executive members". Government.nl
Provincial_executive
Type of progressive dementia
1017/S0033291717003257. PMC 6088773. PMID 29143692. Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies
Effect of psychological interference on reaction time
been used to study the relations between speed of processing and executive functions with working memory and cognitive development in various domains
Stroop_effect
Activities intended to maintain or improve cognitive abilities
ability" usually refers to components of fluid intelligence such as executive function and working memory. Cognitive training reflects a hypothesis that
Brain_training
American businessman (1886–1961)
His landmark 1938 book, The Functions of the Executive, sets out a theory of organization and of the functions of executives in organizations. The book
Chester_Barnard
Parliament of Jersey, a British Crown Dependency
parliamentary functions, although the suspension does not prevent constituency work which does not involve exercising parliamentary functions. Deputy Philip
States_Assembly
Neurodevelopmental disorder
individuals with ADHD have difficulty with "executive functioning". In higher organisms, such as humans, these functions are thought to reside in the frontal
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Adult_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Form of local government
members or elected as an at-large council member with no executive functions, similar to a non-executive chairperson in a corporation. The International City/County
Council–manager_government
Principal executive body of India
principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired
Union_Council_of_Ministers
Neurological disorder of written expression
(the movements that result in writing) by one's hands, fingers and executive functions involved in letter writing. The orthographic loop is when written
Dysgraphia
British colony from 1814 to 1966
Representatives became elective positions. The executive functions of the Court of Policy were transferred to a new Executive Council under the control of the Governor
British_Guiana
Delegation
undertakes monitoring, mentoring, and advising activities and has limited executive functions. The Mission works within the framework of UN Security Council Resolution
European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
European_Union_Rule_of_Law_Mission_in_Kosovo
American professor
understood the heritability of the executive functions and surmised that possible differences in the executive functioning of the two human species had perhaps
Frederick_L._Coolidge
Region of in avian brains
region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also for other higher cognitive tasks. The region was renamed
Nidopallium
Cognitive and affective symptoms of cerebellum damage
in the cognitive domains of executive function, spatial cognition, language, and affect. Impairments of executive function include problems with planning
Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
Cerebellar_cognitive_affective_syndrome
Unicameral legislature of Eritrea
President Isaias Afwerki exercises legislative powers in addition to the executive functions granted by the constitution. While Eritrea was federated to Ethiopia
National_Assembly_(Eritrea)
Stages in the development of children
known to control motor functions. This form of development (known as "Proportional Development") explains why motor functions typically develop relatively
Child_development
Administrative divisions of New York City
borough presidents have minimal executive powers, and there is no legislative function within a borough. Executive functions in New York City are the responsibility
Boroughs_of_New_York_City
Psychotherapy aimed at helping clients to a better approach to their negative thoughts
concerning the uncontrollability and dangerousness of some thoughts. Executive functions are also believed to play a part in how the person can focus and
Metacognitive_therapy
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Male
Greek
(ΑγÏίππας) Greek name AGRIPPAS means "wild horse." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of the Herod Agrippa who ordered the execution of the apostle James, and the imprisonment of Peter.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the animal, Middle English catte ‘cat’. The word is found in similar forms in most European languages from very early times (e.g. Gaelic cath, Slavic kotu). Domestic cats were unknown in Europe in classical times, when weasels fulfilled many of their functions, for example in hunting rodents. They seem to have come from Egypt, where they were regarded as sacred animals.English : from a medieval female personal name, a short form of Catherine.Variant spelling of German and Dutch Katt.
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS