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Pre-Roman civilization of Etruria (9th–1st century BC)
The Etruscans (/ɪˈtrʌskən/) created a civilization in Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation of city-states
Etruscan_civilization
Topics referred to by the same term
language Etruscan alphabet Etruscan architecture Etruscan art Etruscan cities Etruscan coins Etruscan history Etruscan mythology Etruscan numerals Etruscan origins
Etruscan
Etruscan religion comprises the religious beliefs and practices of the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were polytheistic, and although there is some
Etruscan_religion
Art of the ancient Etruscan civilization
Etruscan art was produced by the Etruscan civilization in central Italy between the 10th and 1st centuries BC. From around 750 BC it was heavily influenced
Etruscan_art
Species of mammal
The Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus), also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew, white-toothed pygmy shrew and Savi's pygmy shrew, is the smallest known extant
Etruscan_shrew
Extinct language of ancient Italy
Etruscan (/ɪˈtrʌskən/ ih-TRUSK-ən) was the language of the Etruscan civilization in the ancient region of Etruria, in Etruria Padana and Etruria Campana
Etruscan_language
Theories on the ancient Italian civilization
several theses were elaborated on the origin of the Etruscans from the 5th century BC, when the Etruscan civilization had been already established for several
Etruscan_origins
Alphabet used by the Etruscans of central and northern Italy
The Etruscan alphabet was used by the Etruscans, an ancient civilization of central and northern Italy, to write their language, from about 700 BC to
Etruscan_alphabet
Region of Central Italy
Padanian Etruria Etruscan history Etruscan origins Etruscan cities Etruscan civilization Etruscan society Etruscan language Etruscan mythology Kingdom
Etruria
Conflicts between the Romans and Etruscans – 8th to 3rd centuries BCE
The Roman–Etruscan Wars, also known as the Etruscan Wars or the Etruscan–Roman Wars, were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (in both the regal
Roman–Etruscan_Wars
Family of writing systems in ancient Italy
languages spoken in that time and place. The most notable member is the Etruscan alphabet, which was the immediate ancestor of the Latin alphabet used by
Old_Italic_scripts
Etruscan cities were a group of ancient settlements that shared a common Etruscan language and culture, even though they were independent city-states
Etruscan_cities
Words, phrases and symbols for numbers of the Etruscan language
symbols. Etruscan numerals are the words and phrases for numbers of the Etruscan language, and the numerical digits used to write them. The Etruscan numerical
Etruscan_numerals
Etruscan history is the written record of Etruscan civilization compiled mainly by Greek and Roman authors. Apart from their inscriptions, from which information
Etruscan_history
Overview of women in Etruscan civilization
Women were respected in Etruscan society compared to their ancient Greek and Roman counterparts. Today only the status of aristocratic women is known because
Women_in_Etruscan_society
Society during the Etruscan civilization
Etruscan society is mainly known through the memorial and achievement inscriptions on monuments of Etruscan civilization, especially tombs. This information
Etruscan_society
Architecture of the Etruscan civilization
Etruscan architecture was created between about 900 BC and 27 BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome finally absorbed Etruscan civilization
Etruscan_architecture
legendary figures found in Etruscan mythology. The names below were taken mainly from Etruscan "picture bilinguals", which are Etruscan call-outs on art depicting
List of Etruscan mythological figures
List_of_Etruscan_mythological_figures
Rome, the Etruscans had a persistent military tradition. Warfare served as a marker of status in Etruscan culture and greatly aided the Etruscan economy
Etruscan_military_history
Daily life among the Etruscans is difficult to trace, as few literary testimonies are available and Etruscan historiography was highly controversial in
Daily_life_of_the_Etruscans
1955 novel by Mika Waltari
The Etruscan (original title Turms, kuolematon which translates to Turms, Immortal) is a novel by Mika Waltari, published in 1955, telling of the adventures
The_Etruscan
The Etruscans engaged in trade and conflict with the rest of the ancient Mediterranean on land and on the water. Though the physical evidence of their
Etruscan_sea-faring
José Luis Sampedro
La sonrisa etrusca ("The Etruscan Smile") is a bestselling novel written by the Spanish economist and author José Luis Sampedro in 1985. Originally, it
La_sonrisa_etrusca
Etruscan god identified with Saturn
Satre or Satres was an Etruscan god who appears on the Liver of Piacenza, a bronze model used for haruspicy. He occupies the dark and negative northwest
Satre_(Etruscan_god)
Etruscan ceramics and sculpture
Etruscan sculpture was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central
Etruscan_sculpture
Forged statues
The Etruscan terracotta warriors are three statues that resemble the work of the ancient Etruscans, but are in fact art forgeries. The statues, created
Etruscan_terracotta_warriors
Town in Lazio, Italy
Province of Viterbo, Lazio, central Italy. It is renowned for its extensive Etruscan necropoleis, which contain some of the most important painted tombs of
Tarquinia
Collection of travel writings by D. H. Lawrence
Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian Essays, or Etruscan Places, is a collection of travel writings by D. H. Lawrence, first published posthumously
Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays
Sketches_of_Etruscan_Places_and_Other_Italian_Essays
Extinct pre-Indo-European language family
exonym used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the Etruscans. The family would consist of the Etruscan language of northern, central and south-western Italy
Tyrsenian_languages
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods. Volterra, known to the ancient Etruscans as Velathri or Vlathri and to the Romans
Volterra
Ancient Roman goddess of marriage and childbirth
Lucina and Juventas. Like Hera, her sacred animal is the peacock. Her Etruscan counterpart is Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome
Juno_(mythology)
Aspect of the Etruscans
Jewelry of the Etruscan civilization existed in several eras. Very little jewelry from the Villanovan Era, an Early Iron Age culture dating c. 900 BC –
Etruscan_jewelry
Chief deity of Roman state religion
daylight, usually identified with Jupiter. Tinia is usually regarded as his Etruscan counterpart. The Romans believed that Jupiter granted them supremacy because
Jupiter_(god)
Ancient extinct language of the Alps
is largely accepted as a non-Indo-European language closely related to Etruscan. The ancient Rhaetic language is not to be confused with the modern Romance
Rhaetic
American publishing company
Etruscan Press is a literary press associated with Wilkes University (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) in partnership with Youngstown State University (Youngstown
Etruscan_Press
Nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
range of Old Italic alphabets, including the Etruscan alphabet and the early Latin alphabet. In Etruscan, the value /s/ of Greek sigma (𐌔) was maintained
S
2007 American film
The Etruscan Mask is a supernatural horror movie written and directed by Ted Nicolaou. Shot in Italy in 2006, the film was released in 2007. In the unique
The_Etruscan_Mask
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
(1996). "The origins of the Etruscans: new evidence for an old question". In Hall, John Franklin (ed.). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations
Lydia
Etruscan deity
Śuri (Etruscan: 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, lit. 'black'), Latinized as Soranus, was an ancient Etruscan infernal, volcanic and solar fire god, also venerated by other Italic
Śuri
Etruscan archaic tomb in Tarquinia
The Tomb of the Bulls (Italian: Tomba dei tori) is an Etruscan tomb in the Necropolis of Monterozzi near Tarquinia, Lazio, Italy. It was discovered in
Tomb_of_the_Bulls
Ancient well in the old town of Perugia
The Etruscan Well, also known as "Sorbello well" from the name of the noble family which still owns the mansion that is home to the structure, is located
Etruscan_Well
Ancient language of Troy
origin of the Etruscans. These scholars place the original Etruscan homeland adjacent to ancient Troy. Herodotus claims the Etruscans sailed from Lydia
Trojan_language
Manuscript in Etruscan language
longest Etruscan text, Tabula Capuana, also seems to be a ritual calendar.) Much of it is untranslated because of the lack of knowledge about the Etruscan language
Liber_Linteus
list of English words that may be of Etruscan origin, and were borrowed through Latin, often via French. The Etruscan origin of most of these words is disputed
List of English words of Etruscan origin
List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin
Roman god of freshwater and the sea
needed] The Etruscans were also fond of horse races. The Etruscan name of Neptune is Nethuns. It had been believed that Neptune derived from Etruscan, but this
Neptune_(mythology)
Lost work by Roman emperor Claudius
"About the Etruscans") is a 20-book lost work written in ancient Greek by the Roman emperor Claudius. It was a historical work on the Etruscans and their
Tyrrhenika
1982 film
the Etruscan Cemetery') is a 1982 film directed by Sergio Martino. Joan has nightmares of Etruscan sacrifices. She knows very well the Etruscan language
The_Scorpion_with_Two_Tails
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
Latin Cortōna, and from Etruscan 𐌂𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌍 (curtun, 𐌍𐌖𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌂 in Etruscan). According to linguist Helmut Rix, ethnic in Etruscan was curthute (curѳute)
Cortona
While some Etruscan coinage can be dated as far back as the 5th century BCE, the vast majority of Etruscan coinage dates to around the 3rd century BCE
Etruscan_coinage
Daughter of Minos in Greek mythology
constructed in her honor. Ariadne, in Etruscan Areatha, is paired with Dionysus, in Etruscan "Fufluns", on Etruscan engraved bronze mirror backs, where
Ariadne
Etruscan sky god
(also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. However,
Tinia
Mythological creature in Phoenician and Greek mythology
'horse', and κάμπος, 'sea monster') is a mythological creature mentioned in Etruscan, Greek, Phoenician, Pictish and Roman mythologies (though its name has
Hippocampus_(mythology)
Sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
pees. The Semitic Pê (mouth), as well as the Greek Π or π (Pi), and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized
P
Numbers in the Roman numeral system
the Etruscan domain, which covered a large part of north-central Italy. The Roman numerals, in particular, are directly derived from the Etruscan number
Roman_numerals
Etruscan king of Clusium involved in wars against Rome
Porsenna; Etruscan: Pursenas) was an Etruscan king (lar) known for his war against the city of Rome. He ruled over the city of Clusium (Etruscan: Clevsin;
Lars_Porsena
Part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy
Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy. The sea is bounded by the islands of Corsica and Sardinia (to
Tyrrhenian_Sea
Etruscan inscribed gold sheets (c. 660 BCE)
the Etruscan Gold Book, is a Thracian artefact consisting of six connected sheets of gold. The small sheets contain writing identified as Etruscan, together
Golden_Orphism_Book
Ninth letter of the Latin alphabet
Egyptian hieroglyph ꜥ Phoenician Yodh Western Greek Iota Etruscan I Latin I
I
Etruscan mythological figure
Etruscan mythology shown in a variety of forms of funerary art, such as in tomb paintings and on sarcophagi. Vanth is a female entity in the Etruscan
Vanth
Italic tribe in ancient antiquity
Italic IE languages and the non-IE languages of the peninsula, notably the Etruscan, which is considered related to the Raetic spoken in the Alps. Other examples
Latins_(Italic_tribe)
Etruscan nobleman of the 6th century BC
Vibenna (Etruscan: Avile Vipina) was an Etruscan nobleman from Vulci of the 6th century BC and the brother of Caelius Vibenna (Caile Vipina in Etruscan). The
Aulus_Vibenna
Etruscan goddess
fertility, family, and women in Etruscan religion and myth, and was the patron goddess of Perugia. She is identified as the Etruscan equivalent of Juno in Roman
Uni_(mythology)
Ancient Etruscan city in Isola Farnese, Italy
Veii (also Veius; Italian: Veio) was an important ancient Etruscan city situated on the southern limits of Etruria and 16 km (9.9 mi) north-northwest of
Veii
One of the gates of the Etruscan wall of Perusian
The Etruscan Arch, also known as the Arch of Augustus or Augustus Gate, is one of the eight gates in the Etruscan walls of ancient Perusia, now modern-day
Etruscan_Arch
Study of the ancient Etruscan civilization
Etruscans in Italy (Etruria), which was incorporated into an expanding Roman Empire during the period of Rome's Middle Republic. Since the Etruscans were
Etruscology
Name used by the ancient Greeks to refer to non-Greek people
variety of ways, the Greeks always called the Etruscans Tyrsenoi, although not all Tyrsenians were Etruscans. The term "Tyrrhenians" was sometimes used by
Tyrrhenians
Architectural order
Tuscan order (Latin Ordo Tuscanicus or Ordo Tuscanus, with the meaning of Etruscan order) is one of the two classical orders developed by the Romans, the
Tuscan_order
List of twelve major deities in the pantheon of Ancient Rome
Twelve. However, Etruscan artifacts show extensive use of Etruscan translations of Greek mythology; it is just as likely that both the Etruscan Twelve and the
Dii_Consentes
Ancient city in Italy
remodeled an earlier Etruscan city, Clevsin, found in the territory of a prehistoric culture, possibly also Etruscan or proto-Etruscan. The site is located
Clusium
Archaeological museum in Rome
The National Etruscan Museum (Italian: Museo Nazionale Etrusco) is a museum dedicated to the Etruscan and Faliscan civilizations, housed in the Villa Giulia
National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia
National_Etruscan_Museum_of_Villa_Giulia
perpetuated or revived over the centuries. Some archaic deities have Italic or Etruscan counterparts, as identified both by ancient sources and by modern scholars
List_of_Roman_deities
Roman god
equivalent to Janus, there is considerable overlap with Culśanś of the Etruscan pantheon. The name of the god Iānus, meaning in Latin 'arched passage,
Janus
Etruscan burial complex
The Tomb of the Leopards (Italian: Tomba dei leopardi) is an Etruscan burial chamber so called for the confronted leopards painted above a banquet scene
Tomb_of_the_Leopards
Sixth letter of the Latin alphabet
letters descended from digamma. In the Etruscan alphabet, ⟨F⟩ probably represented /w/, as in Greek, and the Etruscans formed the digraph ⟨FH⟩ to represent
F
Etruscan tomb
The Tomb of the Reliefs (Italian: Tomba dei Rilievi) is an Etruscan tomb in the Banditaccia necropolis near Cerveteri, Italy. It was discovered in 1847
Tomb_of_the_Reliefs
2nd century BC sarcophagus
Etruscan noblewoman dating from between 150–140 BC. It was acquired by the British Museum in 1887. The brightly painted sarcophagus of the Etruscan aristocratic
Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa
Sarcophagus_of_Seianti_Hanunia_Tlesnasa
Fifth letter of the Latin alphabet
Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ Proto-Sinaitic Proto-Canaanite hillul Phoenician He Western Greek Epsilon Etruscan E Latin E
E
Etruscan mythology's character
Vegoia (Etruscan: Vecu) is a sibyl, prophet, or nymph within the Etruscan religious framework. She is identified as the author of parts of their large
Vegoia
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
territory, including ceramics, utensils and Etruscan tombs, some of which were found just recently. The Etruscan origins were discovered mostly thanks to
Certaldo
Period of Roman history (c. 753 – c. 509 BC)
Rome's second king of Etruscan birth, and the son of a slave. Like his father-in-law, Servius fought successful wars against the Etruscans. He used the booty
Roman_Kingdom
Alphabet of the Latin language
period alphabet. The Latin alphabet evolved from the visually similar Etruscan alphabet, which evolved from the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet
Latin_alphabet
List of demons by name
Akkadian, Babylonian, Buddhist, Chaldean, Chinese, Christian, Egyptian, Etruscan, Finnish, Greek, Gnostic, Guanche, Hindu, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish
List_of_theological_demons
Methodology for cultural comparison
when Augustus made Apollo one of his patron deities. In the early period, Etruscan culture played an intermediary role in transmitting Greek myth and religion
Interpretatio_graeca
Region of Italy
million arrivals, making it the world's 51st most visited city. The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the middle and late Bronze parallels that of the
Tuscany
UNESCO World Heritage Site
of Lazio. Known by the ancient Romans as Caere, and previously by the Etruscans as Caisra or Cisra, and as Agylla (or Άγυλλα) by the Greeks, its modern
Cerveteri
Ancient Etruscan and Roman goddess of the dead
In ancient Etruscan and Roman mythology, Mania (Etruscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌌), also spelled Manea, was a goddess of the dead, spirits and chaos: she was said
Mania_(deity)
Etruscan city near Rome
Vulci or Volci [pronunciation?] (Etruscan: Velch or Velx, depending on the romanization used) was a rich Etruscan city in what is now northern Lazio, central
Vulci
Thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
Egyptian hieroglyph "n" Phoenician Mem Western Greek Mu Etruscan M Latin M
M
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
Chiusi (Etruscan: Clevsin; Umbrian: Camars; Ancient Greek: Klysion, Κλύσιον; Latin: Clusium) is a town and comune in the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy
Chiusi
Ancient Etruscan god
In Etruscan religion, Hercle (also Heracle or Hercl), the son of Tinia and Uni, was a version of the Greek Heracles, depicted as a muscular figure often
Hercle
Roman adaptation of the Greek divine hero Heracles
borrowed through Etruscan, where it is represented variously as Heracle, Hercle, and other forms. Hercules was a favorite subject for Etruscan art, and appears
Hercules
Fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
makes the n sound. The sound value of the letter was /n/—as in Greek, Etruscan, Latin, and modern languages. In English, ⟨n⟩ usually represents a voiced
N
Etruscan vase painting was produced from the 7th through the 4th centuries BCE, and is a major element in Etruscan art. It was strongly influenced by Greek
Etruscan_vase_painting
Part of a banquet in Greek and Etruscan art
the elegies of Theognis of Megara. Symposia are depicted in Greek and Etruscan art that shows similar scenes. In modern usage, it has come to mean an
Symposium_(ancient_Greece)
Fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the letter represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was archaic but still retained. The equivalent Greek
D
Pubescent male companion in a pederastic relationship in ancient Greece and Rome
Zeus to be his companion and cupbearer, according to Greek mythology. The Etruscan form of the name was Catmite, from an alternative Greek form of the name
Catamite
Battle between Cumae and the Etruscans
battle fought by the combined navies of Syracuse and Cumae against the Etruscans in 474 BC. The city of Cumae in southern Italy was founded by Greek settlers
Battle_of_Cumae_(474_BC)
Late 6th century BC painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Apollo
The Apollo of Veii is a life-size painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Aplu (Apollo), designed to be placed at the highest part of a temple. The statue
Apollo_of_Veii
Ancient Etruscan artwork
The Chimera of Arezzo is regarded as the best example of ancient Etruscan art. The British art historian David Ekserdjian described the sculpture as "one
Chimera_of_Arezzo
Roman goddess of wisdom
Minerva (/mɪˈnɜːrvə/; Latin: [mɪˈnɛru̯ä]; Etruscan: Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and
Minerva
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
Male
English
English name derived from Latin Christianus, CHRISTIAN means "believer" or "follower of Christ."Â In the bible, this is the name first given to the worshippers of Jesus by the Gentiles, but from the second century onward accepted by them as a title of honor.
Male
Native American
Native American Dakota name TOKALA means "fox."
Boy/Male
German
Sacred; Bold
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Eternal; Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu
A musical note, Superior, Morality, Bull
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bhagavath Prasad
Boy/Male
Tamil
Beloved, Dear
Girl/Female
Australian, Portuguese
Loyal and Noble Friend
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Devon and Norfolk named Boyland. The Norfolk place name is derived from the Old English personal name Boia + lund ‘grove’ (Old Norse lundr).Irish : variant of Boylan.
Girl/Female
Indian
Lovable
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
ETRUSCAN
n.
A native or inhabitant of Etruria.
n.
One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods.
n.
Of or relating to Etruria.