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Computing concept
In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data
Entropy_(computing)
Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
Concept in computer science
successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles
Reversible_computing
Relationship between the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information entropy
concept of entropy is central, Shannon was persuaded to employ the same term 'entropy' for his measure of uncertainty. Information entropy is often presumed
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
be confused Entropy encoding, data compression strategies to produce a code length equal to the entropy of a message Entropy (computing), an indicator
Entropy_(disambiguation)
Generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm
Tsallis_entropy
Interpretation of entropy as the change in arrangement of a system's particles
(information theory) Entropy (computing) Entropy (energy dispersal) Second law of thermodynamics Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(order_and_disorder)
Principle in Bayesian statistics
The principle of maximum entropy states that, among all probability distributions consistent with a given set of constraints (such as normalization or
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Measure of relative information in probability theory
In information theory, the conditional entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the outcome of a random variable Y {\displaystyle
Conditional_entropy
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Type of entropy in quantum theory
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system
Von_Neumann_entropy
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Probability distribution that has the most entropy of a class
In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of
Maximum entropy probability distribution
Maximum_entropy_probability_distribution
Subject of study in ergodic theory
crucial role in the construction of the measure-theoretic entropy of a dynamical system. The entropy of a partition Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is defined
Measure-preserving dynamical system
Measure-preserving_dynamical_system
Consortium on random number generators
The League of Entropy (LoE) is a voluntary consortium of organizations working together to implement an unpredictable, bias-resistant, fully decentralized
League_of_Entropy
Concept in quantum physics
The entropy of entanglement (or entanglement entropy) is a measure of the degree of quantum entanglement between two subsystems constituting a two-part
Entropy_of_entanglement
Resistance of a password to being guessed
methods are not used, passwords with more entropy are needed. It also pays to bear in mind that since computing power continually grows, to prevent offline
Password_strength
Influence of thermodynamics on evolution
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the
Entropy_and_life
Type of random number generator
without the use of a dedicated hardware entropy source. An NPTRNG uses a non-physical noise source that obtains entropy from system data, such as outputs of
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Quantum information quantity
enlarged Hilbert space and computing the entanglement entropy between the two subsystems in this purified state. Reflected entropy provides a way to characterize
Reflected_entropy
Physical law for entropy and heat
Rex, Andrew F. (eds.) 2003. Maxwell's Demon 2 : Entropy, classical and quantum information, computing. Bristol UK; Philadelphia PA: Institute of Physics
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Upper limit on entropy in physics
after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy S, or Shannon entropy H, that can be contained within a given finite region of space
Bekenstein_bound
Unit of information
is usually a nibble. In information theory, one bit is the information entropy of a random binary variable that is 0 or 1 with equal probability, or the
Bit
Entropy of a substance near absolute zero
Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used
Residual_entropy
Computer data measurements and scales
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory. Entropy (information theory), such as the amount of information that can be stored in DNA Entropy (thermodynamics)
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Cryptographic device
generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy, unlike a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that utilizes a deterministic
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Physical lower limit to energy consumption of computation
Landauer's principle and reversible computing Maroney, O.J.E. "Information Processing and Thermodynamic Entropy" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Landauer's_principle
Scientific study of digital information
ISBN 0-486-60434-9 H. S. Leff and A. F. Rex, Editors, Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1990).
Information_theory
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Measure of algorithmic complexity
complexity, program-size complexity, descriptive complexity, or algorithmic entropy. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject
Kolmogorov_complexity
Measure of dependence between two variables
(2007). "Section 14.7.3. Conditional Entropy and Mutual Information". Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University
Mutual_information
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity
Entropic_gravity
2.71828…, base of natural logarithms
methods for computing the exponential function, it is impractical because of high overhead cost. Tools such as y-cruncher are optimized for computing many digits
E_(mathematical_constant)
South African-born Israeli neuroscientist
team developed the so-called theory of liquid state machine, or high entropy computing. In 2002, he moved to EPFL as full professor and founder/director
Henry_Markram
Physics phenomenon
entanglement measures reduce for pure states to entanglement entropy, and are difficult (NP-hard) to compute for mixed states as the dimension of the entangled
Quantum_entanglement
Concept in information theory
distributions. It can be defined as the exponentiation of the information entropy. The larger the perplexity, the less likely it is that an observer can
Perplexity
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information can be measured using von Neumann entropy. Recently, the field of quantum computing has become an active research area because of the
Quantum_information
Thought experiment of 1867
Leff, Harvey S. & Andrew F. Rex, ed. (1990). Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing. Bristol: Adam-Hilger. ISBN 978-0-7503-0057-5. Leff, Harvey
Maxwell's_demon
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
In the mathematical theory of probability, the entropy rate or source information rate of a stochastic process is, informally, the time density of the
Entropy_rate
Coherent measure for value at risk
concept of relative entropy. Because of its connection with the VaR and the relative entropy, this risk measure is called "entropic value at risk". The
Entropic_value_at_risk
Physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions
an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather
Entropic_force
Index to measure economic inequality
which is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy. It is a special case of the generalized entropy index. It can be viewed as
Theil_index
Cryptographic property of random output
In cryptography, full entropy is a property of an output of a random number generator. The output has full entropy if it cannot practically be distinguished
Full_entropy
Computer security technique
{\displaystyle E_{s}} (entropy bits of stack top) E m {\displaystyle E_{m}} (entropy bits of mmap() base) E x {\displaystyle E_{x}} (entropy bits of main executable
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Topics referred to by the same term
XEB may refer to: Cross-entropy benchmarking, a benchmarking method for quantum computing XEB-AM, a radio station XEB, a band formed by Kevin Cadogan
XEB
Probability distribution
available for the computing of the cdf, pmf, quantile function, and random number generation of the Poisson binomial distribution. For computing the PMF, a DFT
Poisson_binomial_distribution
quantum computing. The paper was submitted in June 1979 and published in April 1980. Yuri Manin briefly motivates the idea of quantum computing. Tommaso
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Methods of estimating differential entropy given some observations
learning, and time delay estimation it is useful to estimate the differential entropy of a system or process, given some observations. The simplest and most
Entropy_estimation
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
tunnel between the SSL server and the SSL client. Cloud computing Cyberspace Distributed computing History of the Internet Information Age ISO/IEC 11801 –
Computer_network
Chart describing internal energy of thermodynamic systems
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic
Enthalpy–entropy_chart
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). The CSPRNG is seeded with entropy (a value that provides randomness) from environmental noise, collected
/dev/random
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
numbers without an access to a dedicated hardware source, by scavenging entropy that is present in the computer system. See the details in True vs. pseudo-random
Random_number_generation
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
mental stimuli, pattern, perception, proposition, representation, and entropy. Information is often processed iteratively: Data available at one step
Information
Time reversal symmetry in physics
results in modern computing are closely related to this problem—reversible computing, quantum computing and physical limits to computing, are examples. These
T-symmetry
Type of data structure
Transparency: when computing leaf node hashes, a 0x00 byte is prepended to the hash data, while 0x01 is prepended when computing internal node hashes
Merkle_tree
Unit of measure for digital data
information is used to measure information contained in messages and the entropy of random variables. Due to the need to work with data sizes that range
Units_of_information
In statistics, the uncertainty coefficient, also called proficiency, entropy coefficient or Theil's U, is a measure of nominal association. It was first
Uncertainty_coefficient
Computing by new or unusual methods
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods
Unconventional_computing
Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases
the entropy is an exact differential, using the chain rule, the change in entropy when going from a reference state 0 to some other state with entropy S
Ideal_gas
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
generate entropy. It has been shown that computational hardware can be designed not to encounter this theoretical obstruction (see reversible computing), though
Brute-force_attack
Quantity in information theory
of the random variable. The Shannon information is closely related to entropy, which is the expected value of the self-information of a random variable
Information_content
Italian computer scientist
model of spacetime. He also co-introduced the Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy. Severini serves on the Strategic Advisory Board of the Lean Focused Research
Simone_Severini
Concept in cryptography
Entropic security is a security definition used in the field of cryptography. Modern encryption schemes are generally required to protect communications
Entropic_security
Study of the relations between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
accounts for the entropy change before and after a change in the entire system. A dynamical viewpoint is based on local accounting for the entropy changes in
Quantum_thermodynamics
Statistical mechanics of quantum-mechanical systems
von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, quantifies the extent to which a state is mixed. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical
Quantum_statistical_mechanics
American music theorist
{a_{j-1}+a_{j}}{b_{j-1}+b_{j}}}} From here, the process to compute harmonic entropy is as follows: (a) compute the areas defined by the normal (Gaussian) bell curve
Paul_Erlich
Topics referred to by the same term
Entropia may mean: Entropy a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Entropia Universe
Entropia
Concept in computing
is information collected about the software and hardware of a remote computing device for the purpose of identification. The information is usually assimilated
Device_fingerprint
Algorithm in quantum information theory
Algorithmic cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment
Algorithmic_cooling
Book by Konrad Zuse
pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes. A New Kind of Science Simulated
Calculating_Space
Textbook by scientists Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang
Nielsen, Michael (2019). "Quantum computing for the very curious". Michael Nielsen, Isaac Chuang. Quantum Computing and Quantum Information. Cambridge
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information
Lemma in cryptography
length asymptotic to H ∞ ( X ) {\displaystyle H_{\infty }(X)} (the min-entropy of X) bits from a random variable X) that are almost uniformly distributed
Leftover_hash_lemma
engaged in the development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area. Thermodynamics limit the data
Limits_of_computation
Digital logic implementation technology based on superconducting Josephson junctions
be operated with zero energy loss (no local increase in entropy), making reversible computing possible. Low energy use and heat generation is critical
Quantum_flux_parametron
Inequality measure
inequality by groups; svygei and svyatk to compute design-consistent variances for the generalized entropy and Atkinson indices; glcurve to obtain generalized
Atkinson_index
Short story by Ted Chiang
California Sunday Magazine praised it as an "inventive meditation on death". Entropy Heat death of the universe Eclipse 2: New Science Fiction and Fantasy:
Exhalation_(short_story)
Machine learning algorithm
usual Boltzmann-Gibbs or Shannon entropy. In this sense, the Gini impurity is nothing but a variation of the usual entropy measure for decision trees. Used
Decision_tree_learning
Gain from observing another random variable
splits for each node. For the next step, the entropy at parent node t of the above simple decision tree is computed as: H(t) = −[pC,t log2(pC,t) + pNC,t log2(pNC
Information gain (decision tree)
Information_gain_(decision_tree)
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
S {\displaystyle S} the entropy of the system. With these relations the fundamental thermodynamic relation, used to compute changes in internal energy
Thermodynamic_system
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
controller (NIC) or hardware device driver and must not appear outside of a computing system, or be routed by any router. This permits software testing and
Localhost
Thought experiment in statistical physics
semi-classical derivation of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive
Gibbs_paradox
Predictive model of human movement
Jian; Ren, Xiangshi (2011). "The Entropy of a Rapid Aimed Movement: Fitts' Index of Difficulty versus Shannon's Entropy". Human Computer Interaction: 222–239
Fitts's_law
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
entropy, and thus just any kind of pseudorandom number generator is insufficient. Ideally, the generation of random numbers in CSPRNGs uses entropy obtained
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Lowest theoretical temperature
temperature, a state at which a system's internal energy, and in ideal cases entropy, reach their minimum values. The Kelvin scale is defined so that absolute
Absolute_zero
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
(RGG) Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block Blockmodeling Maximum entropy Soft configuration LFR Benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic/SIR
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
Technique to compress data
verify that it minimizes L over all codes, but we will compute L and compare it to the Shannon entropy H of the given set of weights; the result is nearly
Huffman_coding
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
the material. 5D optical data storage DNA computing DNA nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Natural computing Plant-based digital data storage The Xenotext
DNA_digital_data_storage
American physicist and physics teacher (1937–2023)
2024. Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo, CRC Press, Aug 2020 Maxwell's Demon 2: Entropy, Classical and Quantum Information, Computing, Institute of Physics
Harvey_S._Leff
Form of entropy encoding used in data compression
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number
Arithmetic_coding
This glossary of quantum computing is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in quantum computing, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Bacon–Shor
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
Theoretical Physics
holography that posits a quantitative relationship between the entanglement entropy of a conformal field theory and the geometry of an associated anti-de Sitter
Ryu–Takayanagi_conjecture
Hypothetical all-predicting intellect
with early 19th century developments of the concepts of irreversibility, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, Laplace's demon
Laplace's_demon
Process whose direction can be reversed
Time reversibility Carnot cycle Entropy production Toffoli gate Time evolution Quantum circuit Reversible computing Maxwell's demon Stirling engine McGovern
Reversible process (thermodynamics)
Reversible_process_(thermodynamics)
Theorem in statistical mathematics
relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease
Fluctuation_theorem
Thermodynamic process that is reversible and adiabatic
would show that the initial and final entropies are the same, thus, the reason it is called isentropic (entropy does not change). Thermodynamic processes
Isentropic_process
Computing paradigm based on information entities ("granules")
Granular computing is an emerging computing paradigm of information processing that concerns the processing of complex information entities called "information
Granular_computing
American computer scientist
entropy deficiency of the source (rather than its length) and that extract almost all the entropy of high min-entropy sources. These high min-entropy
Salil_Vadhan
Hypothetical quantum cosmological effect
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy formula is reproduced. However, quantum gravitational corrections to the entropy and radiation of black holes have been computed based on
Hawking_radiation
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
Biblical
an entry or vestibule
Biblical
helper; entry-way
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Entry; Good in Look
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Entry Point into a Dispute
Boy/Male
Arabic, Biblical
Helper; Entry-way
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Entry
Girl/Female
Biblical
An entry or vestibule.
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
Boy/Male
Tamil
Name of Lord Murugan
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Pure; Clear; Distinguished
Boy/Male
Muslim
Politics, Leader
Boy/Male
Tamil
Mukti, Emancipation, Liberation
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a pouch maker (see Poucher).Polish : possibly a nickname for a shirker, from a derivative of pouchylać się ‘to avoid one’s duties’, ‘shirk’.
Girl/Female
Indian, Indonesian, Russian
Intelligent:gifted:famous
Surname or Lastname
French and English
French and English : from a medieval personal name (Latin Constans, genitive Constantis, meaning ‘steadfast’, ‘faithful’, present participle of the verb constare ‘stand fast’, ‘be consistent’). This was borne by an 8th-century Irish martyr. This surname has also absorbed some cases of surnames based on Constantius, a derivative of Constans, borne by a 2nd-century martyr, bishop of Perugia. Compare Constantine.English : perhaps also a nickname from Old French constant ‘steadfast’, ‘faithful’.
Male
English
Short form of English Matthew, MATT means "gift of God."
Girl/Female
Native American
Land.
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Osbeorht, OSBERT means "god-bright."
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
n.
Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.
imp. & p. p.
of Entrap
n.
One who lays snares, or entraps.
n.
The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap.
v. t.
To entrap; to insnare.
pl.
of Entry
n.
The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.
n.
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
n.
Same as Ectopia.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Entrap
n.
A putting upon record in proper form and order.
v. t.
To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men.
a.
Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.
v. t.
See Entrap.
a.
Having equal entropy.
v. t.
Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
n.
An additional or subsequent entry.
n.
The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.