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Work managing feelings and expressions
Emotional labor is the act of managing one's own emotions and the emotions of others to meet job expectations. It requires the capacity to manage and
Emotional_labor
American professor of sociology (born 1940)
Unexpected Community), flight attendants and bill collectors who perform "emotional labor" (The Managed Heart), working parents struggling to divide housework
Arlie_Russell_Hochschild
1983 book by Arlie Russell Hochschild
collectors. Hochschild coined the need at work for surface acting as emotional labor. A 20th Anniversary edition, with a new afterword added by the author
The_Managed_Heart
Offer of sexual services for payment
achieve an orgasm. Emotional labor is an essential part of many service jobs, including many types of sex work. Through emotional labor sex workers engage
Sex_work
Unseen mental work mostly by women
women do in relationships and families. It is related to invisible labor, emotional labor, and unpaid work while emphasizing the cost of planning, organizing
Cognitive_labor
Capability to understand one's emotions
Emotional intelligence (EI), also known as emotional quotient (EQ), is the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions. High emotional
Emotional_intelligence
Conscious subjective experience
organizations can be credited to Arlie Russell Hochschild's concept of emotional labor.[citation needed] The University of Queensland hosts EmoNet, an e-mail
Emotion
Work that is intended to produce or modify emotional reactions
Affective labor is work carried out that is intended to produce or modify emotional experiences in people. This is in contrast to emotional labor, which
Affective_labor
Act of maintaining family ties
strengthening familial ties. It is a form of emotional labor done both out of a sense of obligation and because of emotional attachment. Kinkeepers play an important
Kinkeeping
Component of workplace dynamics
for the sake of profit". Emotional labor inhibits workers from being able to participate in authentic emotional work. Emotional work is described as "emotion
Emotions_in_the_workplace
American author and journalist
journalist whose article in Harper's Bazaar on emotional labor led to her book Fed Up: Emotional Labor, Women, and the Way Forward (HarperCollins, 2018)
Gemma_Hartley
form of exploitation. This exploitation entailed reproductive and emotional labor, where women were often unrecognized and unpaid for their vital contributions
Marxist_feminism
Concept in communication theory
rationality and emotional labor, were used to describe conventional organizational theory pertaining to emotional regulation. Whereas bounded emotionality encourages
Bounded_emotionality
Employee propensity to serve in governmental organizations
and organizational expectations can all contribute to one's emotional labor. Emotional labor is the act of behaving or displaying specific emotions and
Public_service_motivation
Commercial sex service
makes it more meaningful for both client and sex worker as it involves emotional labor. The term "client" is often used to describe a person who pays prostitutes
Girlfriend_experience
Position in an aircrew
Yonghwi (1 September 2015). "The effects of emotional display rules on flight attendants' emotional labor strategy, job burnout and performance". Service
Flight_attendant
Personality trait or a mainly destructive form of communication
environments while helping customers, the key objective must be emotional labor. Emotional labor is the self-regulatory process that unfolds over the course
Verbal_aggression
Chronic state of physical and emotional depletion
Emotional exhaustion is a symptom of burnout, a chronic state of physical and emotional depletion that results from excessive work or personal demands
Emotional_exhaustion
Spontaneous spread of emotions among a group
Emotional contagion is a form of social contagion that involves the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors. Such emotional convergence can
Emotional_contagion
Work that employs people against their will
Forced labor of Germans after World War II Gulag Human trafficking Involuntary servitude Indentured servitude Labor army Labour battalion Labor trafficking
Forced_labour
Training and rehearsal techniques
6–9. doi:10.1037/a0014644 – via ResearchGate. Judge, Timothy A. "Is Emotional Labor More Difficult for Some than for Others? A Multi-level, Experience-sampling
Method_acting
Assesses whether a person performs a job well
jobs that do not require emotional labor. In other words, emotional intelligence tends to predict job performance for emotional jobs only. A more recent
Job_performance
Occupational burnout in education
during the summer months and into the beginning of the school year. Emotional labor—the hidden work of managing one’s own feelings to support students—often
Teacher_burnout
sociologist Erving Goffman as well as labor scholar Harry Braverman to discuss the dramaturgical demands and emotional labor entailed by jobs in the service
Feeling_rules
Psychological disorder proposed by professor Makoto Natsume
similar to the symptoms of repetitive strain injury. Honne and tatemae Emotional labor Belkin, Lisa. "Putting Some Fun Back Into 9 to 5", New York Times,
Smile_mask_syndrome
Process of changing the emotional experience of oneself or another's through interaction
emotion regulation relates to emotional labor, the regulation of emotion as part of one's job role. In emotional labor, an employee (usually in a service
Interpersonal emotion regulation
Interpersonal_emotion_regulation
invest significant "immaterial labor", including creative contributions, project management, and importantly, emotional management of themselves and others
Transnational_cinema_in_India
Expansion of a concept to the point of meaninglessness
Retrieved 2022-03-14. Beck, Julie (2018-11-26). "The Concept Creep of 'Emotional Labor'". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2022-03-14. Haslam, Nick; Vylomova, Ekaterina;
Concept_creep
Feeling of detachment from reality
ranging from a mild emotional detachment from the immediate surroundings, to a more severe disconnection from physical and emotional experiences. The major
Dissociation_(psychology)
South Korean rapper (1984–2026)
Music Chart (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-11-17. "Realistic charting". "Emotional Labor charting". "July 2008 K-pop Album Sales Volume" (in Korean). Recording
Jerry.K
Verbal and non-verbal displays of emotion
various settings. Service workers often engage in emotional labor, a strive to maintain positive emotional expressions despite difficulties in working conditions
Affect_display
2026 drama film by Irene Emma Villamor
praising it for focusing on the exhausting day-to-day realities and emotional labor of the women’s work rather than sensationalism and stereotypes. It
Midnight_Girls
Management of one's own feelings, or work done in an effort to maintain a relationship
from emotional labor: emotional work done in a paid work setting. Emotion work occurs when people attempt to change their emotions or their emotional display
Emotion_work
Tasks that meet the needs of others
separates caring activities (the labor performed) from caring feelings (the emotional motivations associated with that labor). The dual meaning complicates
Care_work
Labor that does not receive any direct remuneration
Child care Cognitive labor Double burden Emotional labor Feminist economics Housewife Human capital Labour economics Invisible labor Precariat Unfunded
Unpaid_work
American singer-songwriter (born 2000)
13, 2020. The songs on the latter explored sensitive topics such as emotional labor, insecurity, and healthcare. A song from that album, "Sweet Hibiscus
Penelope_Scott
Type of social action as defined by Max Weber
emotional labor, an idea developed by Arlie Russell Hochschild. The idea speaks about emotional regulation carried out in order to fit the "emotional
Affectional_action
Construct in psychology
positivity (excessive positivity or positive toxicity) is dysfunctional emotional management without the full acknowledgment of negative emotions, particularly
Toxic_positivity
American political scientist and academic
Phoenix Syndrome, Emotional Labor: Putting the Service in Public Service, Ethical Decision Making for Everyday Work Situations, Emotional Labor and Crisis Response:
Mary_E._Guy
AI system to detect and respond to human emotions
that compared them. Care-givers who perform emotional labor above and beyond the requirements of paid labor can experience chronic stress or burnout, and
Artificial_empathy
coffee or tea, etc. Recently, work by Cheshin and colleagues on Digital Emotional Labor , extended this work to the effort done in digital text-based interaction
Rehumanization
Unseen and undervalued work
Care work Cognitive labor Double burden Emotional labor Feminist economics Gender role Glass ceiling Precariat Reproductive labor Shadow work Standpoint
Invisible_labor
Suppression of autistic behaviors
of stimming compounds the stress further. In Hochschild's theory of emotional labor, masking/camouflaging involves cognitive, bodily, and expressive efforts
Autistic_masking
Experience of feeling or emotion
feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood. It encompasses a wide range of emotional states and can be positive (e.g., happiness, joy, excitement) or negative
Affect_(psychology)
Habitual pattern of absence
reduces absence. Absenteeism is a habitual pattern correlated with emotional labor and personal reasoning, but there are resolutions to finding ways to
Absenteeism
Relationship between the individual and society
constructionism, social norms and deviance, identity and roles, and emotional labor. The primary methods of data collection are sample surveys, field observations
Social_psychology_(sociology)
Ruined brothel in Pompeii, Italy
skeleton. Prostitutes were not only responsible for physical labor but also emotional labor. The prostitutes of lupanar were expected to offer kindness
Lupanar
Study of human behavior in organizational settings
including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job involvement and emotional labor. Job satisfaction reflects employees' feelings about their job or facets
Organizational_behavior
Using images to tell a news story
on those who document it and is but one of many different forms of emotional labor that photojournalists report experiencing. In this case, the photographer
Photojournalism
Concept in Karl Marx's theory of alienation
Arlie Russell Hochschild defined emotional labor and how it can make you feel estranged from yourself. This type of labor requires you to be in a good state
Self-estrangement
Marxian economic framework
embodied component. Digital labor Affective labor Emotional labor Microwork Post-Fordism Post-Marxism Reproductive labor Computer and network surveillance
Immaterial_labor
2018 American comedy television series
April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019. It's not just the time and emotional labor that goes into hanging out in a depressing office with annoying strangers
Corporate_(TV_series)
2019 debut novel by Kiley Reid
babysitting to be. In the context of Emira's job, the novel also explores emotional labor and transactional relationships. Reid stated in an interview that "the
Such_a_Fun_Age
1988 book by Robert Jackall
as providing emotional labor as one of their major activities. They must be able to work well with others and to sublimate their emotional and psychological
Moral_Mazes
Native American feminist educator and writer
bullshit, and we have a science-backed term for it: emotional labor. And as with any kind of labor, women are now ready and eager to get paid." She contributed
Lauren_Chief_Elk
American sociologist
for both client and sex worker as it involves a particular form of emotional labor. This was explored in her book Temporarily Yours, which compiled decades
Elizabeth_Bernstein
AI-mediated manipulation in online messaging
the sender (e.g., letting the AI conduct the relationship-defining emotional labor without disclosure). Coverage of chatfishing typically describes multiple
Chatfishing
2016 video game
Retrieved November 5, 2020. "Revisiting How Mystic Messenger Gamified Emotional Labor in Relationships". TheGamer. February 14, 2020. Retrieved November
Mystic_Messenger
American music media franchise
restricting women to roles associated with desirability, drama, or emotional labor. After the show's premiere, its audience grew substantially over the
Love_&_Hip_Hop
American pop culture podcast
Trial in Ireland with" Molly Aitken January 30, 2025 (2025-01-30) 215 "Emotional Labor with Rachel Monroe and Ash Compton of Bad Therapist" Rachel Monroe
You're_Wrong_About
Women's Hotline has promoted the public transformation of emotional labor. According to emotional labor theory, hotline volunteers transform individual trauma
Role of women in the democratization of South Korea
Role_of_women_in_the_democratization_of_South_Korea
Identity for lesbians, with feminine characteristics
moved into the mainstream, it has also been connected to notions of emotional labor, witchcraft and self-empowerment. Based on the understanding of femme
Femme
South Korean indie pop singer
Oohyo) 2016 21 Pit a Pat "Call Center" (콜센터) (Jerry.K feat. Oohyo) — Emotional Labor "Thoughts at the Dawn" (새벽에 든 생각) (PPCX feat. Oohyo) — 1999 "With the
Oohyo
Minimum wage in United Kingdom
Credentialism and educational inflation Emotional labor Evil corporation Going postal Kiss up kick down Labor rights Make-work job Narcissism in the workplace
National_Living_Wage
Area bombardment technique
(3 September 2019). The Palgrave Handbook of Global Perspectives on Emotional Labor in Public Service. Springer Nature. p. 345. ISBN 978-3-030-24823-9
Carpet_bombing
Ways men and women use language differently
'emotional labor' (smiling, expressive intonation, showing rapport/empathy and giving minimal responses) for their customer-callers. This emotional labor
Language_and_gender
American writer, business executive convicted of forced labor conspiracy
labor conspiracy as the CEO of the company she co-founded in 2004, OneTaste. A federal jury in 2025 convicted Daedone for the crime of forced labor conspiracy
Nicole_Daedone
Social group or culture's informal norms that distinguish how one should express oneself
Dahling, Jason J. (April 2011). "Emotional display rules as work unit norms: a multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses". Journal of Occupational
Display_rules
Attitude of a person towards work
Organizational Behavior 21, 185±202 Pugliesi K. (1999). The Consequences of Emotional Labor: Effects on Work Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Weil-BeinMotivation
Job_satisfaction
Leadership philosophy
Jia, Ming (October 2019). "Does Servant Leadership Affect Employees' Emotional Labor? A Social Information-Processing Perspective". Journal of Business
Servant_leadership
African American poet and DJ
About Now, 2020 "Archie aka Ode to my Father", Button Poetry, 2019 "On Emotional Labor", Button Poetry, 2018 "Personal Protest (after Robbie Dunning)", Women
Janae_Johnson
identities. Women are more likely to engage in what Schuck refers to as emotional labor, the "management of feelings in an effort to invoke a specific state
Women in policing in the United States
Women_in_policing_in_the_United_States
International feminist campaign
labor such as washing dishes, doing laundry, vacuuming, etc. but also emotional labor such as sending out birthday cards, organizing family vacations, preparing
Global_Women's_Strike
Topics referred to by the same term
available to make the decision Bounded emotionality, a concept within communication theory that stems from emotional labor and bounded rationality Boundedness
Boundedness
exploitation of children, encompassing physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and child labor. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection
Child_abuse_in_China
Form of payment
2008-05-31 Lauchheimer, Malcolm H. (1919), "The Terms of Employment (in the Labor Law of Maryland)", Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political
Truck_wages
Health care profession
the demands of nursing, including mastering new technology, emotional labor, physical labor, shift work, and high workload. This stress puts nurses at
Nursing
American communication scholar
(Sage Publications, 1999, ISBN 978-0761920977). Her doctoral thesis on Emotional labor and correctional officers: A study of emotion norms, performance and
Sarah_J._Tracy
Historical social designation
Credentialism and educational inflation Emotional labor Evil corporation Going postal Kiss up kick down Labor rights Make-work job Narcissism in the workplace
Inquilino
Individual who provides medical treatments and health advice
countries threat of malpractice litigation. Other stressors include the emotional labor of caring for ill people and high patient loads. The consequences of
Health_professional
Discomfort or fear in social settings
(Asperger syndrome, Autism) Avoidant personality disorder Competition Emotional labor Emotion work Evaluation Harassment Highly sensitive person Identity
Social_anxiety
2018 studio album by Tierra Whack
black in a predominantly white school, which inspired much of the "emotional labor" that was done on the album. With each song length being a minute long
Whack_World
Condition characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion
journalism Countertransference Diffusion of responsibility Donor fatigue Emotional labor Post-traumatic stress disorder Self-licensing Alexander Mitscherlich
Compassion_fatigue
1816 short story by E. T. A. Hoffmann
125–144. Romero, Aurora (Spring 2023). "Pulled to Pieces: Women and (Un)Emotional Labor in E.T.A. Hoffmann's 'The Sandman'". Monatsheft. 115 (1): 65–80 – via
The_Sandman_(short_story)
Social category
Peonage is any form of wage labor, financial exploitation, coercive economic practice, or policy in which the victim or a laborer (peon) has little control
Peonage
First generation of Japanese people who immigrated to the Americas
childcare duties, leaving Issei women to shoulder most of the physical and emotional labor. The kanreki (還暦), a traditional, pre-modern Japanese rite of passage
Issei
Japanese manga artist (1938–2023)
Yuki demonstrate professional competence, they are often tasked with "emotional labor" to soothe male egos, and female antagonists like the Mazone or Queen
Leiji_Matsumoto
Negative emotional changes in trauma workers
compassion fatigue, and report emotional disengagement (a common symptom of VT) as a coping strategy. Allostatic load Emotional labor Historical trauma W. H.
Vicarious_traumatization
Aggregate of traditions
traditions, such as preparing particular foods for holidays, is a form of emotional labor called kinkeeping. Family traditions have their roots in distant past
Family_traditions
Psychological model
components associated with work (e.g., tasks, autonomy, job demands, and emotional labor) and their impact on job outcomes support AET. Tasks that are considered
Affective_events_theory
Conclusion of the human pregnancy
pregnancy), the healthcare provider may use a medication to delay delivery. Labor pains have both visceral and somatic components. During the first and second
Childbirth
Theme restaurants and pubs in Japan
away from reality. The style of service was referred to as a form of emotional labor that connects people through play and imagination (Galbraith, Patrick
Cosplay_restaurant
Australian sociologist (born 1957)
through its examination of "modern negotiated mothering practices and emotional labor". She also wrote that a gender perspective is required to understand
Catherine_Waldby
2021 American drama film
consensus reads, "Mass requires a lot of its audience, but rewards that emotional labor with a raw look at grief that establishes writer-director Fran Kranz
Mass_(2021_film)
Occupational hazard to one's psychological well-being
working hours Work intensification Lean production and outsourcing Emotional labor Work–life balance Job insecurity Precarious work Other psychosocial
Psychosocial_hazard
Facebook group concerning New Urbanism
Eldred requested that group members compensate the moderators for emotional labor via Venmo, a request that was met with a critical reception. Eldred
New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens
New_Urbanist_Memes_for_Transit-Oriented_Teens
Industry which claims to help teenagers
people who are considered to have struggles with learning disabilities, emotional regulation, mental illness, and substance abuse. Young people may be labeled
Troubled_teen_industry
American media executive
Cherubini, Jason, Kevin Rich, Hong Zhu, and Alfred Michenzi Emotional labor in the liberal arts Emotional intelligence : current evidence from psychophysiological
Jason_Cherubini
Expression
Individuals affected by the "Have a Nice Day" syndrome must carry out emotional labor, which could lead to diminished self-esteem, depression, and cynicism
Have_a_nice_day
1978 film by Norman Jewison
plays Cleveland warehouse worker Johnny Kovak who becomes involved in the labor union leadership of the fictional "Federation of Inter-State Truckers" (F
F.I.S.T._(film)
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