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American chemicals production company
the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. Element Solutions manufactures and supplies specialty chemicals for a broad range of solutions, including mobile phones, consumer
Element_Solutions
Numerical method for solving physical or engineering problems
finite element method by enriching the solution space for solutions to differential equations with discontinuous functions. Extended finite element methods
Finite_element_method
British-American businessman
American, Miami-based businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Element Solutions Inc.; co-founder and co-chairman of Nomad Foods Limited, and co-founder
Martin_E._Franklin
American hedge fund
methods of capital allocation. Pershing Square sold its stake in Element Solutions (formerly Platform Specialty Products) in 2019. Pershing Square's
Pershing Square Capital Management
Pershing_Square_Capital_Management
Indian multinational chemical company
billion agreement with Platform Specialty Products Corporation (now Element Solutions Inc.) to acquire control of Arysta LifeScience Inc. The acquisition
UPL_Limited
(PDF). May 11, 2026. Retrieved May 25, 2026. "Bright Horizons Family Solutions and Remitly Global Set to Join S&P SmallCap 600" (PDF). May 7, 2026. Retrieved
List_of_S&P_600_companies
Type of differential equation
equation): Solutions of elliptic PDEs are as smooth as the coefficients allow, within the interior of the region where the equation and solutions are defined
Partial_differential_equation
Speciality chemicals and equipment company
Schering AG. Major competitors of Atotech are the US-based companies Element Solutions, DuPont, and the French company Coventya. Atotech traces its origins
Atotech
in time. Unlike the conduction equation (a finite element solution is used), a numerical solution for the convection–diffusion equation has to deal with
Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation
Numerical_solution_of_the_convection–diffusion_equation
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver. A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the
Mercury_(element)
Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods
oxidation states in addition to the normal +2 state in aqueous solutions with strong ligands. Element 164 should thus be able to form compounds like 164(CO)4
Extended_periodic_table
American business executive
trustee, Center for Strategic and International Studies director, Element Solutions director, General Motors Corporation member, Harvard Business School
Stanley_O'Neal
Numerical method for solving partial differential equations
linear elastic fracture mechanics problem that sequences of finite element solutions based on the p-version converge faster than sequences based on the
P-FEM
convergence of the finite element, that is, to ensure that the solutions from the finite element method converge to the exact solution of the partial differential
Patch_test_(finite_elements)
Place in Sarawak, Malaysia
which specialises in chemical products manufacturing, was acquired by Element Solutions and underwent restructuring exercises. During the COVID-19 pandemic
Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone
Sama_Jaya_Free_Industrial_Zone
Chemical element with atomic number 85 (At)
Astatine is a chemical element; it has symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only
Astatine
Chemical element with atomic number 93 (Np)
predominant neptunium ion in solutions of pH 4–5. Neptunium(IV) Np(IV) or Np4+ is pale yellow-green in acidic solutions, where it exists as hydrated complexes
Neptunium
Canadian software company
the Port of Montreal, LG Electronics, Agile Data Solutions and others to release several studies. Element AI was founded in October 2016 by Jean-François
Element_AI
Bound state of an electron and positron
Scott, T.C.; Shertzer, J.; Moore, R.A. (1992). "Accurate finite element solutions of the two-body Dirac equation". Physical Review A. 45 (7): 4393–4398
Positronium
(PUM). It extends the classical finite element method (FEM) approach by enriching the solution space for solutions to differential equations with discontinuous
Extended finite element method
Extended_finite_element_method
Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)
is much more stable towards disproportionation in acidic solutions than in alkaline solutions: The hypochlorite ions also disproportionate further to produce
Chlorine
Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I)
Polar solutions, such as aqueous solutions, are brown, reflecting the role of these solvents as Lewis bases; on the other hand, nonpolar solutions are violet
Iodine
(2017) MicroGLEIT, Germany (2018) In June 2021, it was announced that Element Solutions, through its subsidiary MacDermid Enthone, would acquire the company
Coventya
Type of constraint on solutions to differential equations
such that the values that the solution takes along the boundary of the domain are fixed. The question of finding solutions to such equations is known as
Dirichlet_boundary_condition
Rules for elements dissolving in a solid metal
to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions. For substitutional solid solutions, the Hume-Rothery rules are
Hume-Rothery_rules
Any of the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium
plentiful in the entire Earth's crust (cerium being the 25th-most-abundant element at 68 parts per million, more abundant than copper), but in practice they
Rare-earth_element
Type of functional equation (mathematics)
mainly of the study of their solutions (the set of functions that satisfy each equation), and of the properties of their solutions. Only the simplest differential
Differential_equation
Chemical element with atomic number 94 (Pu)
exposed to the element in these waste areas. Oak Ridge National Laboratory displayed that carp and minnow embryos raised in solutions containing plutonium
Plutonium
Chemical element with atomic number 101 (Md)
a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranium element in the actinide series
Mendelevium
Chemical element with atomic number 86 (Rn)
processing after transferring into 1% solutions of hydrochloric or hydrobromic acids. The gas mixture extracted from the solutions contains H 2, O 2, He, Rn, CO
Radon
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
Carbon (from Latin carbo 'coal') is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms
Carbon
Non-zero element of a matrix selected by an algorithm
The pivot or pivot element is the element of a matrix, or an array, which is selected first by an algorithm (e.g. Gaussian elimination, simplex algorithm
Pivot_element
Chemical element with atomic number 79 (Au)
free element (native state), as nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver
Gold
Class of numerical techniques
are one of the most common approaches to the numerical solution of PDE, along with finite element methods. For a n-times differentiable function, by Taylor's
Finite_difference_method
analytic element method is that, for linear differential equations, elementary solutions may be superimposed to obtain more complex solutions. A suite
Analytic_element_method
comparing the refined solutions to the coarse solutions. If further refinement (or other changes) does not significantly change the solution, the mesh is an
Types_of_mesh
Type of alloying which improves strength of pure metals
adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution. The local nonuniformity
Solid_solution_strengthening
Millennium Prize Problem
properties of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, a system of partial differential equations that describe the motion of a fluid in space. Solutions to the
Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness
Navier–Stokes_existence_and_smoothness
constant strain triangle element, also known as the CST element or T3 element, is a type of element used in finite element analysis which is used to
Constant strain triangle element
Constant_strain_triangle_element
ESI Group through its ProCast and SYSWeld are commercial finite element solutions used in production environments by major manufacturers in aerospace
Integrated computational materials engineering
Integrated_computational_materials_engineering
Method of solving linear partial differential equations
The boundary element method (BEM) is a numerical computational method of solving linear partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in engineering and
Boundary_element_method
Chemical element with atomic number 3 (Li)
Lithium (from Ancient Greek: λίθος, líthos, 'stone') is a chemical element; it has symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal
Lithium
F-block chemical elements
(UO2(NO3)2) Aqueous solutions of uranium III, IV, V, VI salts Aqueous solutions of neptunium III, IV, V, VI, VII salts Aqueous solutions of plutonium III
Actinide
is used to approximate in a 2D domain the exact solution to a given differential equation. The element consists of a combination of two sets of Lagrange
Bilinear quadrilateral element
Bilinear_quadrilateral_element
Chemical element with atomic number 5 (B)
gastrointestinal system. Mild solutions of boric acid have been used as eye antiseptics. Boron appears as an active element in the organic pharmaceutical
Boron
Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews
The Final Solution or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question was a plan orchestrated by Nazi Germany during World War II for the genocide of individuals
Final_Solution
Matrix used in finite element analysis
In the finite element method for the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations, the stiffness matrix is a matrix that represents the
Stiffness_matrix
Chemical element with atomic number 104 (Rf)
synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Rf and atomic number 104. It is named after physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found
Rutherfordium
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to
Bromine
Element Markets, LLC is a limited liability company that provides environmental asset management and compliance services to institutional clients in North
Element_Markets
Chemical element with atomic number 11 (Na)
amines to give deeply colored solutions; evaporation of these solutions leaves a shiny film of metallic sodium. The solutions contain the coordination complex
Sodium
Differential equations involving stochastic processes
helpful when trying to optimally approximate the solution of an SDE given on a large space with the solutions of an SDE given on a submanifold of that space
Stochastic differential equation
Stochastic_differential_equation
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W (from German: Wolfram) and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth
Tungsten
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems
uniqueness of solutions does not hold. Consider the homogeneous nonlinear equation dy/dt = ay 2/3, which has at least these two solutions corresponding
Picard–Lindelöf_theorem
Method for solving continuous operator problems (such as differential equations)
of calculating the global stiffness matrix in the finite element method, the boundary element method for solving integral equations, Krylov subspace methods
Galerkin_method
British professor emeritus of mathematics
collaborated with his wife, Dr Diane Crann, for 15 years developing boundary element solutions to diffusion and heat-conduction problems. They are particularly interested
Alan_Davies_(mathematician)
Chemical element with atomic number 115 (Mc)
Moscovium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mc and atomic number 115. It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American
Moscovium
Chemical element with atomic number 4 (Be)
Beryllium is a chemical element; it has symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a steel-gray, hard, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal
Beryllium
Property of functions which is weaker than continuity
minimizing sequence is a solution of the Dirichlet problem. This has implications, for instance, for finite element solutions, which gives a way to construct
Semi-continuity
Physics simulation software package
Navier-Stokes fluids Compressible fluid solver, CESE (Conservation Element & Solution Element) FEM-rigid multi-body dynamics coupling (MADYMO, Cal3D) Underwater
LS-DYNA
Decentralised chat and collaboration software
Element (formerly Riot and Vector) is a free and open-source software instant messaging client implementing the Matrix protocol. Element was originally
Element_(software)
Formulation of the finite element method
numerical solution of partial differential equations, a topic in mathematics, the spectral element method (SEM) is a formulation of the finite element method
Spectral_element_method
term heavy metal is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "heavy element". For example, in discussing the history of nuclear chemistry, Magee noted
Heavy_metals
Chemical element with atomic number 92 (U)
Uranium is a chemical element; it has symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium
Uranium
Chemical element with atomic number 61 (Pm)
Promethium is a chemical element; it has symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500–600
Promethium
Measure of the level of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
solution. At 25 °C (77 °F), solutions of which the pH is less than 7 are acidic, and solutions of which the pH is greater than 7 are basic. Solutions
PH
method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is a technique for solving partial differential equations based on using the fundamental solution as a basis function
Method of fundamental solutions
Method_of_fundamental_solutions
Property of differential equations describing physical phenomena
estimate for this problem. To show uniqueness of solutions, assume there are two distinct solutions to the problem, call them u {\displaystyle u} and
Well-posed_problem
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
distinction between locally optimal solutions and globally optimal solutions, and will treat the former as actual solutions to the original problem. Global
Mathematical_optimization
Branch of mathematics
Leibniz in 1693. In 1750, Gabriel Cramer used them for giving explicit solutions of linear systems, now called Cramer's rule. Later, Gauss further described
Linear_algebra
Computer-aided engineering software suite
FEMtools (Finite Element Model Tools) is a multi-functional, cross-platform and solver-independent family of CAE software programs providing analysis
FEMtools
Numerical method for solving certain differential equations
solved by substituting in approximate solutions to the differential equation and generating the finite element stiffness matrix which is combined with
Trefftz_method
proved by reducing the element distinctness problem to the problem in question, i.e., by demonstrating that the solution of the element uniqueness problem
Element_distinctness_problem
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
been observed in metal ammonia solutions: see Tran, N. E.; Lagowski, J. J. (2001). "Metal Ammonia Solutions: Solutions Containing Argentide Ions". Inorganic
Silver
Polynomial equation of degree two
called solutions of the equation, and roots or zeros of the quadratic function on its left-hand side. A quadratic equation has at most two solutions. If
Quadratic_equation
Chemical element with atomic number 88 (Ra)
Radium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline
Radium
German engineer
2021-05-09. Retrieved 2020-08-10. Klaus-Jürgen Bathe. Finite Element Procedures, Solutions Manual, Download (2nd ed.) (PDF). "Bridging the world of academia
Klaus-Jürgen_Bathe
Manufacturer
Element Six is a company specialised in providing synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for industrial use. Part of the
Element_Six
Chemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)
Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series
Iron
Chemical element with atomic number 95 (Am)
to the permanganate ion (MnO−4) in acidic solutions. Whereas the Am4+ ions are generally unstable in solutions and readily convert to Am3+, compounds such
Americium
In numerical analysis, a mixed finite element method, is a variant of the finite element method in which extra fields to be solved are introduced during
Mixed_finite_element_method
Equation of statistical mechanics
Ben; Morgan, Ken; Hassan, Oubay (March 2011). "A discontinuous finite element solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation in collisionless and BGK forms for
Boltzmann_equation
Device that converts electricity into heat
A heating element is a device used for conversion of electric energy into heat, consisting of a heating resistor and accessories. Heat is generated by
Heating_element
Chemical element with atomic number 67 (Ho)
Holmium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It is a rare-earth element and the eleventh member of the lanthanide series of elements
Holmium
Chemical elements with atomic numbers from 104 to 120
actinide series. He also proposed a transactinide series ranging from element 104 to 121 and a superactinide series approximately spanning elements 122
Superheavy_element
Chemical element with atomic number 73 (Ta)
Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a very hard
Tantalum
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has the symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting
Hydrogen
Series of chemical elements
periodic table In chemistry, a transition metal (or transition element) is a chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table (groups 3 to 12), though
Transition_metal
Group of highly reactive chemical elements
like aliphatic amines or hexamethylphosphoramide to give blue solutions. These solutions are believed to contain free electrons. Na + xNH3 → Na+ + e(NH3)x−
Alkali_metal
Isolated and secure electronic component
In computer science and cybersecurity, a secure element (SE) is a secure operating system (OS) in a tamper-resistant processor or secure component. It
Secure_element
Chemical element with atomic number 32 (Ge)
passed through strongly acid solutions containing Ge(IV). The disulfide is appreciably soluble in water and in solutions of caustic alkalis or alkaline
Germanium
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
aqueous solutions or as salts. Hyponitrous acid (H2N2O2) is a weak diprotic acid with the structure HON=NOH (pKa1 6.9, pKa2 11.6). Acidic solutions are quite
Nitrogen
Chemical element with atomic number 20 (Ca)
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride
Calcium
the exact solution to a given differential equation. It is a two-dimensional finite element with both local and global coordinates. This element can be used
Quadratic quadrilateral element
Quadratic_quadrilateral_element
Chemical element with atomic number 90 (Th)
Thorium is a chemical element; it has symbol Th and atomic number 90. Thorium is a weakly radioactive light silver metal which tarnishes olive grey when
Thorium
Branch of ordinary differential equations
a branch of ordinary differential equations relating to the class of solutions to periodic linear differential equations of the form x ˙ = A ( t ) x
Floquet_theory
Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)
Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily
Potassium
This is a list of notable software packages that implement the finite element method for solving partial differential equations. This table is contributed
List of finite element software packages
List_of_finite_element_software_packages
Chemical element with atomic number 55 (Cs)
(IUPAC spelling; also spelled cesium in American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali
Caesium
Concept in the solution of linear partial differential equations
Fundamental solutions also play an important role in the numerical solution of partial differential equations by the boundary element method. Consider
Fundamental_solution
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and Dutch
English, French, and Dutch : from the Latin personal name Clemens meaning ‘merciful’ (genitive Clementis). This achieved popularity firstly through having been borne by an early saint who was a disciple of St. Paul, and later because it was selected as a symbolic name by a number of early popes. There has also been some confusion with the personal name Clemence (Latin Clementia, meaning ‘mercy’, an abstract noun derived from the adjective; in part a masculine name from Latin Clementius, a later derivative of Clemens). As an American family name, Clement has absorbed cognates in other continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Male
Slovene
Slovene form of Greek Klementos, KLEMEN means "gentle and merciful."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Clement.German, Dutch, and Danish : from the personal name Clemens (see Clement).Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name, Mark Twain, was descended from VA stock on his father’s side, from a Robert Clemens, who was born in Warwickshire, England, in 1634.
Boy/Male
Czechoslovakian, Danish, German, Greek, Latin, Polish
Giving Mercy; Mild; Merciful
Male
English
Short form of Latin Clementius, CLEMENT means "gentle and merciful." meaning "gentle and merciful." In the bible, this is the name of a companion of Paul.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from Latin Clemens or Clement, CLEMENTS means "gentle and merciful."
Boy/Male
Latin English
Merciful.
Male
Polish
 Danish, German, Polish and Swedish form of Greek Klementos, KLEMENS means "gentle and merciful."
Male
Russian
(Климент) Russian form of Greek Klementos, KLIMENT means "gentle and merciful."
Boy/Male
English
Gentle. Famous Bearer: Clement Moore, writer of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Clement. As an American family name, this form has absorbed cognates in other continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Boy/Male
African, American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Indian, Jamaican, Latin, Swedish, Swiss
Merciful; Mild; Gentle; Giving Mercy; Merciful in French
Male
Turkish
Turkish name derived from the marines in the Ottoman military called Leventler ("the Levents"), LEVENT means "the lions."
Biblical
mild; good; merciful
Boy/Male
English American Biblical Latin
Gentle. Famous Bearer: Clement Moore, writer of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas'.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Klementos, KELEMEN means "gentle and merciful."
Male
Italian
 Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Clementius, CLEMENTE means "gentle and merciful."
Boy/Male
English American Danish
Gentle. Famous Bearer: Clement Moore, writer of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas'.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Latin, Swedish
Gentle; Merciful; Mild; Form of Clement
Boy/Male
English
Gentle. Famous Bearer: Clement Moore, writer of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas'.
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
Girl/Female
Arabic
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Indian
Name of a sahabiyyah, Desert
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Cutting
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Hope; Brighter Person
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Field Belonging to Mack
Girl/Female
American, Christian, French, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Italian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Light
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Krishna, One who holds mountain (Krishna)
Biblical
trusting in me; a grown-up brother
Boy/Male
Hindu
One of the kauravas
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chaste
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT SOLUTIONS
n.
The four elements were, air, earth, water, and fire
n.
An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be the infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated an indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential.
n.
The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury.
n.
One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen.
v. t.
To constitute; to make up with elements.
a.
Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure.
a.
Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air.
n.
To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar bottom.
n.
One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite.
n.
Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elements of a plan.
a.
Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided; as, the eleventh part of a thing.
n.
One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit.
n.
The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal parts.
a.
Ten and one added; as, eleven men.
a.
Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter.
n.
The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music.
n.
One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb.
v. t.
To compound of elements or first principles.
a.
Acting with great force; furious; violent; impetuous; forcible; mighty; as, vehement wind; a vehement torrent; a vehement fire or heat.
n.
Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an element of the former.