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American philosopher (1927–2021)
Edmund Lee Gettier III (/ˈɡɛtiər/ GET-ee-er; October 31, 1927 – March 23, 2021) was an American philosopher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
Edmund_Gettier
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
Gettier problem is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge. Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier
Gettier_problem
Awareness of facts
significant criticism following a series of counterexamples given by Edmund Gettier in the latter half of the 20th century. In response, various alternative
Declarative_knowledge
Awareness of facts, or competency
came under severe criticism in the 20th century, when epistemologist Edmund Gettier formulated a series of counterexamples. They purport to present concrete
Knowledge
Socratic dialogue by Plato concerning the nature of knowledge
increased attention in modern times as a result of its influence on Edmund Gettier, who challenged the existing definitions of knowledge as a "justified
Theaetetus_(dialogue)
or flawed reasoning. Critics of the justified-true-belief view, like Edmund Gettier, have proposed counterexamples to show that some justified true beliefs
Definitions_of_knowledge
Ancient Greek philosopher (c. 428-347 BC)
Plato." Adapting examples from Plato's Theaetetus, Edmund Gettier famously demonstrated the Gettier problem for the "justified true belief account" of
Plato
Philosophical study of knowledge
extract epistemological insights from how ordinary language is used. Edmund Gettier (1927–2021) conceived counterexamples against the idea that knowledge
Epistemology
Subjective attitude that something is true
argument of Socrates as a cause for his death penalty. The epistemologists, Gettier and Goldman, have questioned the "justified true belief" definition. Justified
Belief
Name list
director, and music manager Edmund H. Garrett (1853–1929), American artist Edmund Gettier (1927–2021), American philosopher Edmund Goulding (1891–1959), British
Edmund
Text for clarification; one of four rhetorical modes
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Description
Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
A_priori_and_a_posteriori
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Bertrand_Russell
Interpretation of sensory information
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Perception
Concept in epistemology
unquestioningly accepted this view of knowledge stuck until the proposal of the Gettier problem. The subject of justification has played a major role in the value
Justification_(epistemology)
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
correct logic. Owing largely to Edmund Gettier's paper "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" (1963) and the so-called Gettier problem, epistemology has since
Analytic_philosophy
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
anticipated and inspired the insights of modern phenomenology and hermeneutics. Edmund Husserl writes: "The analysis of time-consciousness is an age-old crux of
Augustine_of_Hippo
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Conformity to reality
the nature of truth is not uniform but depends on the analyzed domain. Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) analyzed truth from a phenomenological perspective as
Truth
Semantic distinction in philosophy
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Analytic–synthetic distinction
Analytic–synthetic_distinction
American philosopher (1922–1996)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Thomas_Kuhn
Empiricist philosophical theory
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Positivism
Italian Dominican friar and philosopher (1225–1274)
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Thomas_Aquinas
American philosopher (1942–2024)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Daniel_Dennett
Epistemological view centered on reason
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Rationalism
Idea that knowledge comes only/mainly from sensory experience
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Empiricism
2000 philosophical book by Timothy Williamson
to epistemology, generally referred to as knowledge-first epistemology. Gettier problem Knowledge Epistemology Timothy Williamson (2000). Knowledge and
Knowledge_and_Its_Limits
Margaret Elizabeth Egan Catherine Elgin Paul Feyerabend Richard Fumerton Edmund Gettier Ernst von Glasersfeld Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Susan
List_of_epistemologists
Problem-solving method
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Heuristic
Philosophical approach
intractability of the competing analyses of knowledge that arose in response to Edmund Gettier. Ernest Sosa introduced intellectual virtue into contemporary epistemological
Virtue_epistemology
Philosophical view that knowledge may be justified by an infinite chain of reasons
that considers the possibility, nature, and means of knowledge. Since Gettier, "knowledge" is no longer widely accepted as meaning "justified true belief"
Infinitism
Various techniques typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Philosophical_analysis
necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge. However, in 1963, Edmund Gettier published an article in the journal Analysis, a peer-reviewed academic
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
Philosophical tradition
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Pragmatism
Philosophical view that events are determined by prior events
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Determinism
American linguist and activist (born 1928)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Noam_Chomsky
English philosopher (1910–1989)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
A._J._Ayer
British analytic philosopher (1919–2001)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
G._E._M._Anscombe
English philosopher (1873–1958)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
G._E._Moore
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Aristotle
American philosopher (1938–2024)
the efforts in the 1960s to find a "fourth" condition in response to the Gettier challenge to the account of knowledge as "justified true belief." In his
Alvin_Goldman
French polymath (1596–1650)
knowledge Archived 16 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine p. 23 Husserl, Edmund (1931) Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology quotation:
René_Descartes
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Problem_of_induction
How one process influences another
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Causality
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is certain to exist
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Solipsism
Knowledge of how to perform a task
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Procedural_knowledge
German philosopher (1724–1804)
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Immanuel_Kant
American philosopher and theologian (born 1932)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Alvin_Plantinga
Metaphilosophical study of epistemology
289–314. doi:10.1111/nous.12514. ISSN 0029-4624. PhilPapers FLEEPA. Gettier, Edmund (1963). "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?". Analysis. 23 (6): 121–123
Metaepistemology
American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)
Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (October 2003), "Willard Van Orman Quine", MacTutor History of Mathematics
Willard_Van_Orman_Quine
Philosophical system founded by Immanuel Kant
Joseph von Schelling, Arthur Schopenhauer, and in the early 20th century by Edmund Husserl in the novel form of transcendental-phenomenological idealism. Kant
Transcendental_idealism
Unit of information
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Data
American mathematician and computer scientist (1903–1995)
2307/421020. JSTOR 421020. S2CID 18305417. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Alonzo Church", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University
Alonzo_Church
Belief that the human mind is born with knowledge
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Innatism
French philosopher (1925–1995)
of thought, found in philosophers such as Aristotle, René Descartes, and Edmund Husserl, misconceives thinking as a mostly unproblematic business. Truth
Gilles_Deleuze
English philosopher and physician (1632–1704)
Higher Education. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0495097990.[ISBN missing] Wright, Edmund, ed. (2006). The Desk Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University
John_Locke
British philosopher (1900–1976)
studied the philosophers Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger, Ryle suggested that the book instead "could
Gilbert_Ryle
Austrian–British philosopher of science (1902–1994)
Popper, an eyewitness to the famous "poker" incident described above (Edmunds & Eidinow). Attempts to synthesize and reconcile the differences between
Karl_Popper
American philosopher (born 1937)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Thomas_Nagel
Debate in the philosophy of mind
content. In contemporary philosophy, indirect realism has been defended by Edmund Husserl and Bertrand Russell. Direct realism has been defended by Hilary
Direct_and_indirect_realism
American political philosopher (1921–200
Encino & Belmont, California: Dickenson, 1973. "Distributive Justice". In Edmund S. Phelps, ed., Economic Justice: Selected Readings, pp. 319–362. Penguin
John_Rawls
Philosophical view explaining systems in terms of smaller parts
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Reductionism
Knowledge derived from familiarity
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Knowledge_by_acquaintance
Injustice related to knowledge
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Epistemic_injustice
American philosopher and theologian (born 1949)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
William_Lane_Craig
Danish philosopher and theologian (1813–1855)
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Søren_Kierkegaard
Principle in epistemology
In the seminal 1963 paper, “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”, Edmund Gettier gave an assumption (later called the “principle of deducibility for
Epistemic_closure
Movement in Western philosophy
Cassirer, the contemporary leading figure of the Marburg school, and against Edmund Husserl's phenomenology. Logical positivists especially opposed Martin Heidegger's
Logical_positivism
View that science is the best/only truth
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Scientism
Human Community (1963) Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963) Edmund Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? (1963) Richard Clyde Taylor, Metaphysics
1963_in_philosophy
Theory of science, reconstructing empirical theories
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Structuralism (philosophy of science)
Structuralism_(philosophy_of_science)
British philosopher of language (1913–1988)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Paul_Grice
Distinction in the philosophy of language
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Sense_and_reference
Phenomenon whereby language is used to discuss possible situations
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Modality_(semantics)
Normative ethical theories
Reader. Edinburgh University Press. p. 108. ISBN 0-87840-221-7. Pincoffs, Edmund (1971). "Quandary ethics". Mind. 80 (320): 552–571. doi:10.1093/mind/LXXX
Virtue_ethics
Overview of and topical guide to epistemology
1999. "Contextualism and Skepticism", in Tomberlin 1999, pp. 91–114. Gettier, Edmund. 1963. "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", Analysis, Vol. 23, pp
Outline_of_epistemology
Subject of inquiry in philosophy and linguistics
to address epistemological puzzles and issues, such as skepticism, the Gettier problem, and the Lottery paradox. Contextualist accounts of knowledge became
Contextualism
Type of epistemology
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Coherentism
Knowledge as a collective achievement
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Social_epistemology
American philosopher (1941–2001)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
David_Lewis_(philosopher)
Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist (born 1966)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
David_Chalmers
American philosopher
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Nathan_Salmón
American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer (1859–1952)
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
John_Dewey
Basic distinction in philosophy
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
American philosopher (born 1935)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Michael_Walzer
British philosopher, mathematician and economist (1903–1930)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Frank_P._Ramsey
Notion of reality based on consensus view
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Consensus_reality
English philosopher (1911–1960)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
J._L._Austin
Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Demarcation_problem
Gerhardt (born 1944) Lloyd P. Gerson (born 1948) Bernard Gert (1934–2011) Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)[b][c] Raymond Geuss (born 1946) Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)[b][c]
List of philosophers born in the 20th century
List_of_philosophers_born_in_the_20th_century
American political philosopher (1938–2002)
forward an epistemological system which attempted to deal with both the Gettier problem and those posed by skepticism. This highly influential argument
Robert_Nozick
Philosophical principle
epistemology Virtue epistemology Epistemologists Aristotle Sextus Empiricus Edmund Gettier Wang Yangming René Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant W. V. O. Quine
Fallibilism
Assumption that natural laws are constant through time and space
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Uniformitarianism
Branch in philosophy of science
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Constructivism (philosophy of science)
Constructivism_(philosophy_of_science)
1924–1936 group of philosophers and scientists
Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Hermann von Helmholtz, Heinrich Hertz, Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud, Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, Vladimir
Vienna_Circle
Idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Naïve_realism
American professor of Philosophy at Stanford University
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Fred_Dretske
English philosopher (1929–2003)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Bernard_Williams
American philosopher and logician (1940–2022)
Tyler Burge David Chalmers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Gottlob Frege Edmund Gettier Jaakko Hintikka David Kaplan Ernst Mally Richard Montague Wesley C.
Saul_Kripke
Property of a statement that can be logically contradicted
Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David
Falsifiability
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