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Elm tree fungal disease, spread by beetle
Dutch elm disease is caused by an Ascomycete fungus that kills elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Believed to be originally native to Asia,
Dutch_elm_disease
Flowering, deciduous trees, family Ulmaceae
individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease
Elm
Topics referred to by the same term
Dutch elm may refer to: Ulmus × hollandica, natural hybrid between Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra) and Field Elm (Ulmus minor) Ulmus × hollandica 'Major', cultivar
Dutch_elm
Species of tree
americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees
Ulmus_americana
Species of flowering plant in the elm family Ulmaceae
Ulmus glabra, the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic
Ulmus_glabra
Group of plant diseases
[citation needed] Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi, it affects elm trees.[citation needed] Elm yellows sometimes called elm phloem necrosis
Wilt_disease
Species of tree
Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes mistakenly called the "Chinese" elm (Ulmus parvifolia)
Ulmus_pumila
"Hybrid species, the English elm"
more lately the Atinian elm, was, before the spread of Dutch elm disease, the most common field elm in central southern England, though not native there
Ulmus_minor_'Atinia'
Notable elm trees
Yarmouth's original 739 elms had survived Dutch elm disease. In August 2009 it was revealed that, after battling fifteen bouts of Dutch elm disease, the tree
List_of_elm_trees
their former homelands. Owing to the demise of elms in the Northern Hemisphere as a result of the Dutch elm disease pandemic, the mature trees in Australia's
Elms_in_Australia
Since Dutch elm disease started to destroy elm populations in Europe and America, research has been conducted in many countries to create resistant cultivars
Breeding of elms resistant to Dutch elm disease
Breeding_of_elms_resistant_to_Dutch_elm_disease
Species of plant
spreading around a field elm Bark of Stapleford elm, UK Bark of U. minor, Bulgaria The species has a hugely variable reaction to Dutch elm disease (DED), including
Ulmus_minor
Elm cultivar
including Dutch elm U. × hollandica, Siberian elm U. pumila, and English elm U. minor 'Atinia' (although this ultimately produces suckers). Camperdown elms satisfied
Ulmus_glabra_'Camperdownii'
Species of fungus
agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first described under the name Graphium ulmi, and later transferred to the genus Ophiostoma. Dutch elm disease originated
Ophiostoma_ulmi
Elm cultivar
The Dutch hybrid cultivar Ulmus 'Dodoens' was derived from a selfed seedling of a crossing ('202') of the Exeter Elm Ulmus 'Exoniensis' with the Himalayan
Ulmus_'Dodoens'
Elm cultivar
Nevertheless, its moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease saw it, or its selfed progeny, successfully used in later Dutch hybridizations, notably 'Nanguen'
Ulmus_minor_'Bea_Schwarz'
Hospital in Auckland Region, New Zealand
Armageddon Expo in July 2022. In July 2013, there was a record outbreak of Dutch elm disease in two hundred trees at the site of the former hospital. "Ghost
Kingseat Hospital (New Zealand)
Kingseat_Hospital_(New_Zealand)
Species of tree
slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. It is
Ulmus_rubra
Species of beetle
and the United States. It is of particular importance as a vector of Dutch elm disease. It is brownish-red in color and its size ranges from 2.34 mm
Hylurgopinus
bark elm Subgenus Oreoptelea U. section Blepharocarpus Ulmus americana - American elm, white elm Ulmus laevis - European white elm, fluttering elm, spreading
List_of_elm_species
American elm cultivar
'Princeton' was later found to have a moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). American elm is a vase-shaped, medium to large, deciduous tree. The tree
Ulmus_americana_'Princeton'
Species of beetle
elm bark beetle or large elm bark beetle, is a 3.5–6 mm long bark beetle species. It is of significant importance in Eurasia as a vector of Dutch elm
Scolytus_scolytus
Centuries-old tree in Sliven, Bulgaria
the Dutch elm disease. The tree has been present in Sliven's coat of arms since 1995. The tree won the European Tree of the Year in 2014. The Old Elm is
The_Old_Elm
Dutch elm
hollandica Mill. , often known simply as Dutch elm, is a natural hybrid between wych elm (U. glabra) and field elm (U. minor) which commonly occurs across
Ulmus_×_hollandica
Dutch botanist
who dedicated her short career to the research of Dutch elm disease and the selection of resistant elm seedlings. In 1927, Buisman provided the final proof
Christine_Buisman
Species of tree
lanceolata Ueki The Chinese elm is highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease. It is also very resistant to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca
Ulmus_parvifolia
Elm cultivar
tree, it was the 'Hollandse iep' (:'Dutch elm') in these countries, as distinct from the tree known as 'Dutch Elm' in Great Britain and Ireland since
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Belgica'
Commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
have been the oldest elm tree in Europe. Planted in 1350, this field elm Ulmus minor died in 2010 after finally succumbing to Dutch elm disease. Legend has
Biscarrosse
(accounts vary) surviving in north Essex, England, amidst others afflicted by Dutch elm disease (DED). Photographs of the first source tree, near Braintree, appeared
Ulmus_of_King_&_Co
Elm cultivar
The Siberian elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Pinnato-ramosa' was raised by Georg Dieck, as Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, at the National Arboretum, Zöschen, Germany
Ulmus_pumila_'Pinnato-ramosa'
Elm cultivar
Dutch elm disease, and consequently often featured in the Dutch elm breeding programme in association with the Field Elm (U. minor) and Himalayan Elm
Ulmus_'Exoniensis'
Species of tree
variously known as the European white elm, fluttering elm, spreading elm, stately elm and, in the United States, the Russian elm, is a large deciduous tree native
Ulmus_laevis
British actor
sketch group Dutch Elm Conservatoire. The group was nominated for the Perrier Award at the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe for the show Dutch Elm Conservatoire
Stephen_Evans_(actor)
Cultivar of the field elm
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Sarniensis', known variously as Guernsey elm, Jersey elm, Wheatley elm, or Southampton elm, was first described by
Ulmus_minor_'Sarniensis'
Species of ash
the loss of American elms in the 1950s–60s due to Dutch elm disease. That epidemic was the result of a similar overuse of elms in urban environments
Fraxinus_pennsylvanica
Species of tree
in winged elm, Tennessee Like the other North American species of elm, U. alata is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease and elm yellows (Elm phloem necrosis)
Ulmus_alata
English actor (born 1975)
studied English. Jones began his career as one fifth of the comedy group Dutch Elm Conservatoire. On television, he is known for playing Doctor Foggerty
Rufus_Jones_(actor)
Elm cultivar
Ulmus 'Columella' is a Dutch elm cultivar raised by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen. Originally thought
Ulmus_'Columella'
Elm cultivar
Horizon' has a very high resistance to Dutch elm disease, rated 5 out of 5 in Europe; it is also resistant to elm leaf miner, and verticillium wilt. However
Ulmus_'New_Horizon'
Elm cultivar
four field elms (U. minor), a wych elm (U. glabra), the curious Exeter Elm ('Exoniensis'), and a frost-resistant selection of the Himalayan elm (U. wallichiana)
Ulmus_'Nanguen'
Perennial woody plant with elongated trunk
gain admittance and attack the tree. Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungus (Ophiostoma species) carried from one elm tree to another by various beetles
Tree
Topics referred to by the same term
Hampshire, United States Major (cider apple) Major (Dutch Elm) Ulmus × hollandica 'Major', a Dutch Elm cultivar Major (fly), a genus of flies Major (Joe
Major
suspected, English carpenters for example referring to their 'Dutch elm' as 'bastard elm', while nurserymen knew that popular cultivars like 'Belgica'
List of elm cultivars, hybrids and hybrid cultivars
List_of_elm_cultivars,_hybrids_and_hybrid_cultivars
Pair of trees in Brighton, UK
largest English elm trees in the world, they reached heights of more than 100 ft (30 m) and widths of 23 ft (7.0 m). An outbreak of Dutch elm disease in England
Preston_Twins
Elm cultivar
Ulmus × androssowii 'Fiorente' was derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila clone 'S.10' (female parent) from Lucca, Italy, with the Ulmus
Ulmus × androssowii 'Fiorente'
Ulmus_×_androssowii_'Fiorente'
Elm cultivar
Chichester Hall, Rawreth in Essex. In areas unaffected by Dutch elm disease, Huntingdon Elms commonly grow to over 35 m, bearing long, straight branches
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Vegeta'
Historic house in Massachusetts, United States
massive elm tree on the grounds, for which the property was named died in March 1953 of Dutch Elm disease. Upon the death of George Wilde in 1998, the Elm Court
Elm Court (Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts)
Elm_Court_(Lenox_and_Stockbridge,_Massachusetts)
Species of fungus
causative agents associated with Dutch Elm Disease (DED), along with Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. Dutch Elm Disease was first identified in
Ophiostoma_novo-ulmi
Cultivar of the field elm
The field elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Plotii', commonly known as Lock elm or Lock's elm (its vernacular names), Plot's elm or Plot elm, and first classified
Ulmus_minor_'Plotii'
Elm cultivar
high resistance, rated 4–5 out of 5, to Dutch elm disease, but can be heavily to severely damaged by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola and Japanese
Ulmus_'Homestead'
Elm cultivar
and branching of Bruntsfield Links tree The cultivar is susceptible to Dutch elm disease. The only known surviving specimens are in the United States and
Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera Gracilis'
Ulmus_minor_'Umbraculifera_Gracilis'
the 1980s due to Dutch elm disease and a replacement tree planted in 2014 was felled in April 2024. The Million Dollar Elm was an elm tree in Pawhuska
Million_Dollar_Elm
Elm cultivar
Huntingdon article). The tree is susceptible to Dutch elm disease. Its Danbury-area provenance puts it in the Dengie elm group, considered by Oliver Rackham (1986)
Ulmus × hollandica 'Cicestria'
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Cicestria'
Subfamily of beetles
which like the American elm bark beetle Hylurgopinus rufipes, transmit Dutch elm disease fungi (Ophiostoma). The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae
Bark_beetle
Elm cultivar
specifically as the Dutch Elm, although all naturally occurring Field Elm Ulmus minor × Wych Elm U. glabra hybrids are loosely termed 'Dutch elm' (U. × hollandica)
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Major'
Elm cultivar
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Monumentalis', or tomb elm (Grabmal-Rüster), was raised as a sucker of U. suberosa by Sebastian Rinz, the city gardener
Ulmus_minor_'Monumentalis'
Prominent street in Yarmouth, Maine
East Elm Street. From 1957 onward, however, most of them succumbed to Dutch elm disease. As of 2003, only twenty of Yarmouth's original 739 elms had survived
Elm_Street_(Yarmouth,_Maine)
Species of beetle
multistriatus and S. schevyrewi) to proliferate; the beetles are vectors of Dutch elm disease. Elm leaf beetles become active in the spring once temperatures rise
Elm_leaf_beetle
Elm cultivar
succumbed to Dutch elm disease; the tree remains in perfect health (2008). Prairie Expedition proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial
Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark'
Ulmus_americana_'Lewis_&_Clark'
Historic cobbled lane in Norwich, England
planted the first one. (The tree you see today is not an elm because of the presence of Dutch elm disease in the UK). The parish pump, though not the original
Elm_Hill,_Norwich
Elm cultivar
screening tests showed that it possessed an outstanding level of tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED). In 2005, the Park Service and the Agricultural Research
Ulmus_americana_'Jefferson'
Elm cultivar
Houtte', Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 'Louis van Houtte' is vulnerable to Dutch elm disease (DED). Two specimens planted at Kew Gardens in the Pagoda Vista
Ulmus_'Louis_van_Houtte'
Species of tree
Conservation's elm trials at Great Fontley have confirmed the Dutch assessment. Trees grown from seed commence flowering in their eighth year. The Dutch elm breeding
Ulmus_laciniata
Elm cultivar
farm near Afton, Minnesota, which has displayed a high resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). A U S patent, PP 20097, was granted in 2009. ‘St. Croix’
Ulmus_americana_'St._Croix'
Variety of tree
Great Fontley) and Japanese Elm leaf (right) Natural populations of Japanese elm have a low to moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease. In trials in the
Ulmus_davidiana_var._japonica
American politician
Elmer Joseph Holland (January 8, 1894 – August 9, 1968) was an American World War I veteran who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives
Elmer_J._Holland
Elm cultivar
hybrid elm cultivar raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), Florence, in 2000. 'Morfeo' arose from a crossing of the Dutch hybrid
Ulmus_'Morfeo'
Division or phylum of fungi
A well-known example of this is Dutch elm disease, caused by Ophiostoma ulmi, which is carried by the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus
Ascomycota
Elm cultivar
'Brandon' elms, Stephen Avenue Mall, Calgary 'Brandon' is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease. The species as a whole is susceptible to elm yellows;
Ulmus_americana_'Brandon'
Topics referred to by the same term
2013 video game BioShock Infinite Ulmus 'Nanguen', a hybrid elm cultivar resistant to Dutch elm disease, released to commerce circa 2001 by INRA, France
Lutèce
Genus of beetles
forests. The Dutch elm disease is spread in North America by two species : the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes, and the European elm bark beetle
Scolytus
Elm cultivar
Universidad Politėcnica de Madrid (UPM). 'Ademuz' has a very high tolerance of Dutch elm disease. In the Madrid study, the appearance of the tree was rated 4.5
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Ademuz'
Park in Edinburgh, Scotland
resembling Downton Elm, The Meadows, 1989 Field elm cultivar 'Pseudo-Viminalis', The Meadows, 1989 Scotch elm, The Meadows, 1989 Dutch elm, The Meadows, 1989
The_Meadows,_Edinburgh
Species of tree
of Dutch elm disease there. However, U. wallichiana was found to be one of the most preferred elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf
Ulmus_wallichiana
Introduced species that harms its new environment
Christmas tree industry. Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) and Dutch elm disease (Ascomycota) are plant pathogens with serious impacts. Garlic
Invasive_species
Elm cultivar
and drawing Italian field elm is susceptible to Dutch elm disease and Elm leaf beetle Xanthogalerucella luteola Müll. Field elm has been described as "a
Ulmus_minor_var._italica
Jeffrey 1929 Actor Rufus Jones 1976 Comedy writer and performer, member of Dutch Elm Conservatoire Simon Jones 1950 Actor Stephen Joseph 1921 Stage director
List of former Footlights members
List_of_former_Footlights_members
State arboretum in Reno, Nevada, United States
Virginia lawn. In 1988, several elms were removed due to Dutch elm disease. The Quad is now planted with a mixture of elm, hackberry, ash and oak trees
University of Nevada, Reno Arboretum
University_of_Nevada,_Reno_Arboretum
Hybrid elm cultivar
Aurea', Morningside, Edinburgh Long shoots 'Wredei' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease. 'Wredei' was distributed by the Louis van Houtte and Späth nurseries
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Wredei'
Elm cultivar
Ulmus 'Clusius' is a Dutch hybrid elm cultivar raised at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen, as clone 568
Ulmus_'Clusius'
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
; Strickland, W. (July 1965). "Bird Mortality Following DDT Spray for Dutch Elm Disease". Ecology. 46 (4): 488–499. Bibcode:1965Ecol...46..488W. doi:10
Bird
Bacterial disease of elm trees
Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive
Elm_yellows
Elm cultivar
The Japanese elm cultivar Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Prospector' was originally treated as a cultivar of Wilson's elm U. wilsoniana Schneid., a species
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Prospector'
Ulmus_davidiana_var._japonica_'Prospector'
1987 British film by Bruce Robinson
Henry" played by the Crown Inn. The great elm tree outside the pub and shown in the film subsequently died of Dutch Elm Disease and has been replaced.
Withnail_and_I
Elm cultivar
Netherlands 'Hoersholmiensis' foliage 'Hoersholmiensis' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease and Coral-spot Fungus Nectria cinnabarina. Damage caused by Nectria
Ulmus_minor_'Hoersholmiensis'
Species of flowering plants
species is not a true elm, although it is a close relative of the elms (species of the genus Ulmus). It is also subject to Dutch elm disease, a disease which
Planera_aquatica
Ancient elm in the Scottish Highlands
of its isolation has remained safe from Dutch elm disease. The 'Last Ent of Affric' is a centuries-old Wych elm (Ulmus glabra), named in reference to the
Last_Ent_of_Affric
American elm cultivar
Minnesota was at first considered too far north to be at serious risk from Dutch elm disease, and heavy losses were not sustained there until the 1970s. 'Minneapolis
Ulmus americana 'Minneapolis Park'
Ulmus_americana_'Minneapolis_Park'
City in California, United States
few remaining places in North America with American elm trees that have not been exposed to Dutch elm disease. The stately trees line Indian Hill Boulevard
Claremont,_California
Elm cultivar
The putative hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Dovaei', or Doué elm, was raised by the André Leroy nursery at Angers, France, as Ulmus dovaei (without
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Dovaei'
Elm cultivar
and south-west Ireland, until the arrival of Dutch elm disease in the late 1960s. The origin of Cornish elm in the south-west of Britain remains a matter
Ulmus_minor_'Stricta'
Elm cultivar
was rated 4 out of 5 ("good") in the Netherlands for its resistance to Dutch elm disease. However, in trials conducted by the Istituto per la Protezione
Ulmus_'Lobel'
Capital city of Saskatchewan, Canada
decorative landscaped lagoons. The streetscape is now endangered by Dutch elm disease, which has spread through North America from the eastern seaboard
Regina,_Saskatchewan
Trees present during historically significant events
to keep the elm. The elm was kept on by the National Park Service as an important feature of the South Lawn until it succombed to Dutch elm disease, and
Witness_Trees
Elm cultivar
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Microphylla' was listed in the Loddiges (Hackney, London), Catalogue of 1823 (page 23) as U. stricta microphylla
Ulmus × hollandica 'Microphylla'
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Microphylla'
Elm cultivar
Zanobi' is a hybrid elm cultivar raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP) in Florence, from a crossing of the Dutch hybrid 'Plantyn' (female
Ulmus_'San_Zanobi'
Elm cultivar
fissured, shaggy bark is a feature of the species. Resistant to Dutch Elm disease and elm leaf beetle. The cultivar, in nurseries in the northwest US, was
Ulmus_chenmoui_'JAB_Morton'
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum certain Ophiostoma species which cause Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma ulmi Ophiostoma himal-ulmi Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Pleurotus
List_of_invasive_fungi
Elm cultivar
somewhat smaller than those of 'Belgica'. 'Dumont' was very susceptible to Dutch elm disease. No specimens are known to survive. The tree was once a popular
Ulmus_×_hollandica_'Dumont'
American television sitcom (2016–2018)
unbelievable reasons. Bas Rutten as Rutger van der Kamp, the Gables' annoying Dutch neighbor who becomes Kevin's friend. He lives with his aunt and his long-term
Kevin_Can_Wait
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