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Conduit used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example
Duct_(flow)
Branch of fluid mechanics
1-dimensional flow is assumed. This works well in duct, nozzle, and diffuser flows where the flow properties change mainly in the flow direction rather
Compressible_flow
Fluid flow through a constant-area duct with friction
In fluid dynamics, Fanno flow (after Italian engineer Gino Girolamo Fanno) is the adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction
Fanno_flow
Gastrointestinal duct
duct to form the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla). Its sphincter the sphincter of Oddi, enables the regulation of bile flow. The bile duct
Common_bile_duct
Model of fluid flow through a frictionless constant-area duct with heat transfer
dynamics, Rayleigh flow (after English physicist Lord Rayleigh) refers to frictionless, non-adiabatic fluid flow through a constant-area duct where the effect
Rayleigh_flow
Low resistance electrical conductor for high current transmission and distribution
fire-resistance rating. Bus (computing) Busbar Isolated-phase bus Duct (flow) "Isolated Phase Bus Duct". Stace. Retrieved 2024-01-04. "IEEE 3001.5-2013 - IEEE Recommended
Bus_duct
Jet air inlet design
and flow separation that can occur with protruding scoop designs. When properly implemented, a NACA duct allows air to flow into an internal duct, often
NACA_duct
Part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates
sperm duct is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates. In mammals, spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules and flow into
Vas_deferens
Diagnostic tool
and air-conditioning (HVAC) ductwork. A duct leakage tester consists of a calibrated fan for measuring an air flow rate and a pressure sensing device to
Duct_leakage_testing
Thermodynamic device
usually require compressible flow relations. A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases,
Diffuser_(thermodynamics)
Part of kidney tissue
papillary duct in the collecting duct system. Water present in the filtrate in the papillary duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the duct, moving
Loop_of_Henle
Carries tears from the lacrimal sac of the eye into the nasal cavity
fold (valve of Hasner or plica lacrimalis). Excess tears flow through the nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior nasal meatus. This is the reason
Nasolacrimal_duct
Organ duct
cystic duct is the duct that (typically) joins the gallbladder and the common hepatic duct; the union of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct forms
Cystic_duct
Ductwork to remove grease vapor from a building
A grease duct is a duct that vents grease-laden flammable vapors from commercial cooking equipment such as stoves, deep fryers, and woks to the outside
Grease_duct
Duct associated with the human pancreas
The pancreatic duct or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct due to the existence of an accessory pancreatic duct) is a duct joining the pancreas
Pancreatic_duct
Air moving arrangement
aeronautics, a ducted fan is a thrust-generating mechanical fan or propeller mounted within a cylindrical duct or shroud. Other terms include ducted propeller
Ducted_fan
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids – liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics
Fluid_dynamics
Largest lymphatic vessel in humans
thoracic duct (also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne's duct) is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the
Thoracic_duct
Cancer of the bile ducts
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal
Cholangiocarcinoma
Passive heat exchanger that transfers heat
heat sink in a duct, where air flows through the duct, the heat-sink base will usually be hotter than the air flowing through the duct. Applying the conservation
Heat_sink
Formation of stones in the salivary glands
forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed "Wharton's duct"). Less commonly the parotid gland or rarely
Sialolithiasis
Valve or plate for regulating airflow
A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a duct, chimney, VAV box, air handler, or other air-handling equipment. A
Damper_(flow)
Loss of fluid flow through friction
significant engineering concern wherever fluids are made to flow, whether entirely enclosed in a pipe or duct, or with a surface open to the air. Historically,
Friction_loss
Topics referred to by the same term
venting, pipes leading from fixtures to the outdoors Duct (flow), used to deliver and remove air Flue, a duct, pipe, or chimney for conveying exhaust gases from
Vent
Pipe systems
system and is basically governed by laws of flow of fluids. The conveying fluid that flows through the duct system is air. Air transports materials from
Duct_(industrial_exhaust)
Type of home appliance that clears smoke from a stove
accordance with UL 1046, Standard for Grease Filters for Exhaust Ducts. Hood air flow is measured in liters per second (L/s), cubic meters per second (m3/s)
Kitchen_hood
International trade association
Workers' International Association Sheet metal Duct (flow) Pressurisation ductwork Smoke exhaust ductwork Duct (industrial exhaust) HVAC Air conditioning
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors'_National_Association
Ship hull appendage to modify propeller inflow
flow, or as two semicircular ducts mounted further forwards, one on each side of the hull, aligned to provide the desired flow modification. The duct(s)
Wake-equalising_duct
Type of heating system
that it can run by itself for a longer period of time. The horizontal duct flow through the mass may be replaced by a heavy "bell" of larger cross section
Rocket_mass_heater
Topics referred to by the same term
cables Conduit current collection, a system of ground-level power supply Duct (flow), for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning Conduit (finance) or asset-backed
Conduit
Breakdown of supersonic airflow in an engine intake
supersonic airflow. The phenomenon occurs when mass flow rate changes significantly within a duct. Avoiding unstarts is a key objective in the design
Unstart
Mass injection flow (a.k.a. Limbach Flow) refers to inviscid, adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of mass addition is considered
Mass_injection_flow
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
drive a ducted fan, with both of these contributing to the thrust. The ratio of the mass-flow of air bypassing the engine core to the mass-flow of air
Turbofan
Musical instrument
musical instruments places this group under the heading "Flutes with duct or duct flutes." The label "fipple flute" is frequently applied to members of
Fipple
Epithelial cell lining of the pancreatic duct
the central pancreatic duct—this main duct with the bile duct opens into the duodenum. The ductal cells of the main pancreatic duct are bound by connective
Ductal_cells
Brief description of components needed for jet engines
for shock-wave and internal duct flow management using variable position surfaces (ramps or cones) and bypass doors. The duct may be part of the fuselage
Components_of_jet_engines
Impaired flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine
bile duct injury), or vanishing bile duct syndrome (loss of intrahepatic bile ducts). Bland cholestasis occurs when there is obstruction to bile flow in
Cholestasis
Flows of liquids with varying density
resistance of the liquid is similar to that for open-channel flow and that of the gas to close-duct flow. This geometry analysis is general and could be applied
Stratified_flows
Presence of gallstones in the common bile duct
Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho- + lithiasis).
Common_bile_duct_stone
Device involving the flow of liquids through tubes
"pipe flow" or "closed-duct flow". A normal spillway flow is pressurized by the height of the reservoir above the spillway, whereas a siphon flow rate
Siphon
Organ located in innermost part of ear
duct. At one end of each of the semicircular ducts is a dilated sac called a membranous ampulla, which is more than twice the diameter of the ducts.
Semicircular_canals
Sphincter in the human digestive system
bile duct before it joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater. This sphincter controls the flow of bile into the pancreatic duct and
Sphincter_of_Boyden
Marine propeller with a non-rotating nozzle
A ducted propeller, also known as a Kort nozzle, is a marine propeller shrouded with a non-rotating nozzle. It is used to improve the efficiency of the
Ducted_propeller
shape. The duct mode shape are analytically determined from the solution of the Helmholtz equation. John M. Tyler, Thomas G. Sofrin. Axial flow compressor
Duct_modes
Medical condition
Choledochal cysts (a.k.a. bile duct cyst) are congenital conditions involving cystic dilatation of bile ducts. They are uncommon in western countries but
Choledochal_cysts
Ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on a liquid
consistent with the annular duct and rectangular duct cases above, taken to a limiting aspect ratio. For calculating the flow of liquid with a free surface
Reynolds_number
Equations of motion for viscous fluids
describing viscous flow. The Navier–Stokes equations generalize the Euler equations in that the latter model only considers inviscid flow. The Navier–Stokes
Navier–Stokes_equations
Noise generated by powered aircraft
100 features 3D aerodynamic fan blades and a nacelle with a long mixed duct flow nozzle to reduce noise. Aerodynamic noise arises from the airflow around
Aircraft_noise_pollution
Detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake
layer separation can occur for internal flows. It can result from such causes such as a rapidly expanding duct of pipe. Separation occurs due to an adverse
Flow_separation
Measure of a channel flow efficiency
involving turbulent flow. Secondary flows can be observed in non-circular ducts as a result of turbulent shear stress in the turbulent flow. Hydraulic diameter
Hydraulic_diameter
Device used to regulate and circulate air as part of an HVAC system
here in approximate order, from the return duct (input to the AHU), through the unit, to the supply duct (AHU output). Air filtration is almost always
Air_handler
Air conditioning system that allows for individual control of spaces
may allow for reduced energy consumption. Also, air handlers and large ducts are not used which can reduce the height above a dropped ceiling as well
Variable_refrigerant_flow
Machine used to produce air flow
ventilation ducting and can significantly increase the rates of inflow of fresh air and expulsion of stale air. Fans generate noise from the rapid flow of air
Fan_(machine)
Organ duct
regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla: the sphincter of the pancreatic duct, the sphincter of the bile duct, and the sphincter
Ampulla_of_Vater
Inflammation of the gallbladder
bile duct stones, or inflammation of the common bile duct. More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is caused from blockage of the cystic duct by a
Cholecystitis
Organ in humans and other vertebrates
produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct, and stores it. The bile is then released via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps
Gallbladder
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
systems of supply and return air through metal or fiberglass ducts. Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
coolant. According to their flow arrangement, there are three primary classifications of heat exchangers: In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the fluids
Heat_exchanger
Marine propulsion system
propulsion. The mechanical arrangement may be a ducted propeller (axial-flow pump), a centrifugal pump, or a mixed flow pump which is a combination of both centrifugal
Pump-jet
Type of liquid flow within a closed conduit
pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. The other type of flow within
Pipe_flow
Device which measures fluid flow velocity, typically around an aircraft or boat
space. The fluid flow rate in a duct can then be estimated from: Volume flow rate (cubic feet per minute) = duct area (square feet) × flow velocity (feet per minute)
Pitot_tube
Heating or air-conditioning system
controls the flow of air. The single duct terminal configuration is the simplest, where a VAV box is connected to a single supply air duct that delivers
Variable_air_volume
Major salivary gland in many animals
salivary flow. A latent infection despite clinical resolution of the disease resulting in impaired function. Histologically glandular duct dilation,
Parotid_gland
Vertebrate organ involved in metabolism
form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct from the gallbladder joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The biliary system and
Liver
Temporary medical condition
A blocked milk duct (sometimes also called plugged or clogged milk duct) is a blockage of one or more ducts carrying milk to the nipple for the purpose
Blocked_milk_duct
Treatment of air from kitchens
filtering system. The system's fan may be located in the kitchen or in its ducts. An adequate kitchen ventilation system should: Remove cooking fumes at
Kitchen_ventilation
Heating of air in buildings or vehicles
through ducts, pipes, or radiators. Distributed heating systems use local heat sources, such as space heaters and fireplaces, and do not use ducts, pipes
Heating_system
Movement of air
Reynold's number that defines each type of flow depends on whether the air is moving through a pipe, wide duct, open channel, or around airfoils. Reynold's
Airflow
Medical condition
pressure (8 to 12 cmH2O) and allows bile to flow freely through. The continuous forward flow of the bile in the duct flushes bacteria, if present, into the
Ascending_cholangitis
digital. damper A plate or gate placed in a duct to control air flow by increasing friction in the duct. deep lake water cooling The heat is rejected
Glossary_of_HVAC_terms
Mechanical fan that forces fluid to move radially outward
of rotation of the fan, to an outlet. Centrifugal fans often contain a ducted housing to direct outgoing air in a specific direction or across an electronic
Centrifugal_fan
Ventilation unit
fabric ducts is governed by internal static pressure and fabric permeability. Engineering calculations regarding duct diameter, volumetric flow rate (CFM)
Air_sock
Medical condition
Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) is a pathological condition which is characterized by the obstruction of one or both ejaculatory ducts. Thus, the efflux
Ejaculatory_duct_obstruction
Cell type in the exocrine pancreas
which then flow into its draining duct. Each acinus is surrounded by acinar cells which are responsible for releasing enzymes, while the ducts are surrounded
Centroacinar_cell
Fan that induces gas flow mostly parallel to the shaft
and fluid at rest is shown. Therefore, the flow is assumed to be taking place in an imaginary converging duct where: D = Diameter of the Propeller Disc
Axial_fan_design
Type of pump using high pressure fluid to entrain a lower pressure fluid
An injector is a system of ducting and nozzles used to direct the flow of a high-pressure fluid in such a way that a lower pressure fluid is entrained
Injector
Concept in physics
height of the building and A is the flow area of the openings. For multi-floor, high-rise buildings, A is the flow area of the openings and h is the distance
Stack_effect
Device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream
Full-flow filtration – Full-flow filtration continuously strains particulates out of the entire system flow. For example, in a 100-ton system, the flow rate
Cooling_tower
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (divergent duct) section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy. They are primarily
Compressor
Aerodynamic phenomenon
by careful design of the cooling duct such that useful thrust is produced by the expansion of the hot air in the duct. The effect was discovered in the
Meredith_effect
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
Variable refrigerant flow systems when compared with central plant cooling from an air handler, eliminate the need for large cool air ducts, air handlers, and
Air_conditioning
Part of the female primate torso that has mammary glands
contraction of muscle cells surrounding the alveoli, causing milk to flow along the ducts that connect the alveoli to the nipple. Full-term newborns have an
Breast
across a section of a pipe or duct, averaging the differential pressures encountered accounting for variations in flow across the section. Rosemount Annubar
Annubar
Exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts
including mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular
Salivary_gland
Organ system which creates, stores, and transports bile
Occasionally gallstones may become lodged in the common bile duct and obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine– this condition
Biliary_tract
1940 fighter aircraft by Arado
but with the Ar 240 partially covering each of them with an oversized, ducted flow-through propeller spinner forward of each radiator unit, with air entering
Arado_Ar_240
Tank used in hot water systems
engineering Building information modeling (BIM) Deep energy retrofit Duct cleaning Duct leakage testing Environmental engineering Hydronic balancing Kitchen
Expansion_tank
Component of air conditioning and refrigeration systems
evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flows out of the evaporator to a steady value. Although often described as a "thermostatic"
Thermal_expansion_valve
Kosovan university lecturer
Stojkovic, Franz Durst, Eberhard Franz: Performance comparison of pin fin in-duct flow arrays with various pin cross-sections, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol
Naser_Sahiti
Device that removes contaminants from the air in a room
treating the air rather than the coils is in-line duct systems, these systems are placed in the center of the duct and parallel to the airflow. Activated carbon
Air_purifier
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
flow of air over the radiator's surface. Common types of heat exchanger flows include parallel flow, counter flow, and cross flow. In parallel flow,
Heat_transfer
HVAC system
its volume depending on the air pressure in the duct, thereby increasing or decreasing the air flow area. Self-balancing mechanism with overlapping section
Forced-air
Registered trade name for halocarbon products
engineering Building information modeling (BIM) Deep energy retrofit Duct cleaning Duct leakage testing Environmental engineering Hydronic balancing Kitchen
Freon
Method of heat exchange in which convection drives pumpless circulation
resistance so that liquid can flow easily under the relatively low pressure produced by natural convection. In some situations the flow of liquid may be reduced
Thermosiphon
Component of central heating and cooling systems
two flows are mixed together. This type of system enables precise temperature control, but is more suitable for small offices. The necessary air ducts takes
Automatic_balancing_valve
Industrial ventilation system
Process duct work conveys large volumes of hot, dusty air from processing equipment to mills, baghouses to other process equipment. Process duct work may
Process_duct_work
HVAC feature
turbine engine. The area of a convergent duct gets smaller as the air flows into the engine. A bell-mouth inlet duct is extremely efficient and is used where
Bell_mouth
Type of jet engine
An airbreathing jet engine (or ducted jet engine) is a jet engine in which the exhaust gas which supplies jet propulsion is atmospheric air, which is taken
Airbreathing_jet_engine
Reproductive system of the human male
spermatozoa) from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Three accessory glands provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm cells. Seminal
Male_reproductive_system
tube; Flow-duct-facilities In-situ method or Dean's method All these methodologies measure the liner's normal impedance. However, only flow duct facilities
Acoustic_liner
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